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| 1 | A Deep Learning Method for Bias Correction of ECMWF 24–240 h Forecasts显示文摘Correcting the forecast bias of numerical weather prediction models is important for severe weather warnings.The refined grid forecast requires direct correction on gridded forecast products,as opposed to correcting forecast data only at individual weather stations.In this study,a deep learning method called CU-net is proposed to correct the gridded forecasts of four weather variables from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast Integrated Forecasting System global model(ECMWF-IFS): 2-m temperature,2-m relative humidity,10-m wind speed,and 10-m wind direction,with a forecast lead time of 24 h to 240 h in North China.First,the forecast correction problem is transformed into an image-toimage translation problem in deep learning under the CU-net architecture,which is based on convolutional neural networks.Second,the ECMWF-IFS forecasts and ECMWF reanalysis data(ERA5) from 2005 to 2018 are used as training,validation,and testing datasets.The predictors and labels(ground truth) of the model are created using the ECMWF-IFS and ERA5,respectively.Finally,the correction performance of CU-net is compared with a conventional method,anomaly numerical correction with observations(ANO).Results show that forecasts from CU-net have lower root mean square error,bias,mean absolute error,and higher correlation coefficient than those from ANO for all forecast lead times from 24 h to 240 h.CU-net improves upon the ECMWF-IFS forecast for all four weather variables in terms of the above evaluation metrics,whereas ANO improves upon ECMWF-IFS performance only for 2-m temperature and relative humidity.For the correction of the 10-m wind direction forecast,which is often difficult to achieve,CU-net also improves the correction performance. | Lei HAN Mingxuan CHEN Kangkai CHEN Haonan CHEN Yanbiao ZHANG Bing LU Linye SONG Rui QIN | 2021 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2021，38，9： | 15 |
| 2 | Formation of abnormal high pressure and its application in the study of oil-bearing property of lithologic hydrocarbon reservoirs in the Dongying Sag显示文摘The mechanisms of abnormal high pressures are studied in this paper, and it is concluded that the undercompaction, hydrocarbon generation and stratum denudation are obviously effective to fluid pressure buildup. Because of the episodic difference, the hydrocarbon generation and stratum denudation are the main factors influencing oil-gas migration. On the basis of basin evolutionary analysis in the Dongying Sag, it is considered that the undercompaction mainly caused the abnormal pressure before the first denudation by the uplift in Late Paleogene, while hydrocarbon generation was the main factor of abnormal pressure after the denudation. The second denudation occurred in Late Neogene, which changed the pressure field and induced the fluid migration. The development of overpressures is the necessary condition to the formation of lithologic hydrocarbon reservoirs, which have positive correlations to overpressures. According to the fullness of the present reservoirs, the quantitative relations between oil-bearing property and driving forces of reservoir formation were determined, the latter were decided by dynamic source, reservoir capillary pressure, fluid pressure of surrounding rocks and the dynamic attenuation in different conducting systems. | ZHANG ShanWen ZHANG LinYe ZHANG ShouChun LIU Qing ZHU RiFang BAO YouShu | 2009 | Chinese Science Bulletin2009，54，23： | 15 |
| 3 | Discovery of low-mature hydrocarbon in manganese nodules and ooze from the Central Pacific deep sea floor显示文摘Extracts from manganese nodules and ooze from the Central Pacific deep sea floor were analyzed using the chromatogram-mass spectrum, and it was found that most of the biomarker molecules are of the low-mature type (some have characteristics of mature): the ratio of 'A'/C is high between 11.4%-19.75%; CPI is 1.22-1.23; C31-22S/ (22S+22R) hopane is 0.59-0.60, Tm/Ts is 0.99-1.99; pa moretane/(αβ+βα) hopane is 0.12-0.14; C29 sterane 20S/(20S+20R) is 0.35-0.41; ββ/(ββ+αα) is 0.38-0.45; arene TA(I)/TA(I+Ⅱ) is 0.16-0.21; methyl-phenanthrene index (MPI1) is 0.35-0.67. According to the geological settings of the sampling area and its organic geochemical characteristics, it is considered that the hydrothermal activities on the ocean floor facilitate the decomposition of organic matter in the sediment, which leads to the generation and migration of hydrocarbon into manganese nodules and ooze. This discovery is important for understanding the mechanisms of hydrocarbon generation in the ocean floor and | HU Wenxuan JIN Zhijun YAO Suping LU Xiancai CHEN Zhilin ZHANG Linye ZHANG Xuejun ZHOU Huaiyang | 2002 | Chinese Science Bulletin2002，47，11： | 7 |
| 4 | Effects of hydrocarbon physical properties on caprock’s capillary sealing ability显示文摘A new mechanics formula of caprock’s capillary sealing ability has been established in this paper, in which the boundary layer resistance was considered and characterized by starting pressure gradient. The formula shows that capillary sealing ability of caprock is determined not only by the capillary force of rock and the buoyancy of hydrocarbon column, but also by the starting pressure gradient of hydrocarbons and the thickness of caprock. The buoyancy of hydrocarbon column, the starting pressure gradient of hydrocarbon, and the capillary force of caprock are affected by hydrocarbon density, hydrocarbon viscosity, and hydrocarbon-water interface tension respectively. Based on hydrocarbon property data of reservoirs of Jiyang Depression and equations from literature, the effects of hydrocarbon density, hydrocarbon viscosity, and hydrocarbon-water interface tension on the sealing ability of caprock are analyzed. Under formational conditions, the sealing ability of oil caprock can vary up to dozens times because of the variations of the oil density, oil viscosity, and oil-water interface tension. Thus, the physical characters of hydrocarbon should be considered when evaluating the capillary sealing ability of caprocks. Study of the effects of physical characters on sealing ability of caprock can provide guidance to exploring special physical property hydrocarbon resources, such as viscous oils, and hydrocarbon resources in special pressure-temperature environments. | LinYe Zhang YouShu Bao Qing Liu ShouChun Zhang RiFang Zhu Lei Zhang | 2010 | Science China Earth Sciences2010，53，5： | 5 |
| 5 | Organic compositions of lacustrine source rocks in Jiyang super-depression and its implication to petroleum geology显示文摘The compositions of organic matter in four immature source rocks from Tertiary strata of Jiyang super-depression, the most typical continental rift subsidence basin in East China, have been stud- ied by different extracting methods with CHCl3, MAC and CS2/NMP, respectively. The results suggest that there are great differences among the chemical compositions of organic matter in the source rocks derived from different depositional environments. About 79% of all the organic matter exists by non- covalent bond in the Es4 source rocks which were deposited under the saline lacustrine, indicating that its organic matter is not the real kerogen, but mainly composed of soluble organic matter which is easy to generate hydrocarbon at lower temperature. This is why the immature oils were derived from Es4 source rocks in Dongying depression. In contrast, around 60% of organic matter exists by covalent bond in Es3 source rocks which were deposited under the deep brackish-fresh lacustrine, showing that Es3 source rocks are mainly composed of kerogen producing mature hydrocarbon at higher temperature. The thermal simulation experiments, upon the remaining solid source rocks which were sequentially extracted by the three solvents, have been carried out. The chloroform extracts from the simulation product have been compared with the other three solvent extracts gained at room temperature. It is obvious that re-markable odd/even predominance (OEP) is mainly the characteristic of soluble organic matter; phytane mostly exists in the soluble organic matter by means of non-covalent bonds and characteristics of soluble organic matter are similar to these in immature oils produced in Jiyang super-depression. | ZHANG Linye SONG Yitao WANG Guangli HUANG Difan | 2006 | Chinese Science Bulletin2006，51，5： | 4 |
| 6 | Geochemical Characterization and Origin of High-Sulfur,Heavy Oils in Jiyang Sub-Basin,East China显示文摘高硫的、重石油广泛地正在发生在第三级的湖的 Jiyang 亚盆, Bohai 海湾盆。他们基于体积性质和 biomarker 作文被区分进二个家庭。家庭 1 被高度描绘树脂(40%71%)和硫(2%4%),和低蜡(1%6%)与而家庭 2 被极其丰富的硫(3%10%)描绘, biodegradation 移开的n链烷,并且高沥青质(7%31%)和蜡(2%19%),没有微生物引起的攻击的证据。家庭 1 的油在水库被散布,比在整个亚盆的 1500 m 低。Biomarker 集合,例如低 pristane/phytane 比率(< 1 Pr/Ph ) 并且高许多 carotane, gammacerane,和 dinosterane,建议他们在成层的、盐的 Esu4 单位之中从石灰质的 mudstones 和页岩被导出,除了在里面 situ 集中 biodegradation 的硫内容。然而,家庭 2 的油比 1700 m 深仅仅在西方的 Zhanhua 和东方 Chezhen 消沉被识别,与深度。物理性质和 biomarker 比率,包括偶数的 n 链烷, < 1 Pr/Ph,踪迹 diasteranes,更高的 C35 homohopanes,和丰富的 dibenzothiophene 系列,与 > 1 dibenzothiophene/phenanthrene,从碳酸盐来源岩石显示起源。X 光检查衍射分析证明碳酸盐来源岩石在 Bonan 的 Esu4 单位是有限的下垂,它与在一样的地平线的大多数另外的来源岩石不同。高硫的、重油在油窗户的早阶段被产生,这被建议。细菌的硫酸盐减小可能为在高硫的、重油的硫种类的出现负责,当重 biodegradation 将提高硫集中时。 | WANG Guangli WANG Tieguan ZHANG Linye | 2011 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2011，85，4： | 4 |
| 7 | Lacustrine Shale Oil Resource Potential of Es3L Sub-Member of Bonan Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, Eastern China显示文摘Following shale gas, shale oil has become another highlight in unconventional hydrocarbon exploration and development. A large amount of shale oil has been produced from a host of marine shale in North America in recent years. In China, lacustrine shale, as the main source rock of conventional oil and gas, should also have abundant oil retained in place. In this study, geochemical and geologic characteristics of lacustrine shale from Es_3~L sub-member in Bonan sag were characterized by using total organic carbon(TOC), Rock-Eval pyrolysis, X-ray diffraction, and ?log R method. The results show that the Es_3~L sub-member shale have TOC contents ranging from 0.5 wt.% to 9.3 wt.%, with an average of 2.9 wt.%. The organic matter is predominantly Type I kerogen, with minor amounts of Type II1 kerogen. The temperature of maximum yield of pyrolysate(Tmax) values ranges from 424 to 447 °C, with an average of 440 °C, and vitrinite reflectance(Ro%) ranges from 0.7% to 0.9%, indicating most of shales are thermally mature. The dominant minerals of Es_3~L shale in Bonan sag are carbonates(including calcite and dolomite), averaging 51.82 wt.%, and the second minerals are clay(mostly are montmorillonite-illite-mixed layer and illite) and quartz, averaging about 18 wt.%. Finally, its shale oil resources were evaluated by using the volumetric method, and the evaluation result shows that the shale oil resource is up to 5.94 billion tons, and mostly Class I resource. Therefore, the exploration of the lacustrine shale oil of Es_3~L in Bonan sag should be strengthened. | Shuangfang Lu Wei Liu Min Wang Linye Zhang Zhentao Wang Guohui Chen Dianshi Xiao Zhandong Li Huiting Hu | 2017 | Journal of Earth Science2017，28，6： | 4 |
| 8 | Applications of molecular fossils in lacustrine stratigraphy显示文摘Biomarkers,or the so-called molecular fossils,are used tentatively in the Eogene lacustrine stratigraphy study in the Jiyang Sub-basin.Notwithstanding the fact that unidentified microfossils or amorphism and acritarchae are widely distributed in lacustrine source rocks,molecular fossils are useful to identify the sources.It is helpful to reconstruct the palaeo-enviroment,palaeo-ecosystem and compartmentalize the stratigraphic sequence by using molecular fossils with which the existence and types of microbes including bacteria,archaea and certain algae can be identified. | WANG Guangli LI Shu WANG Tieguan ZHANG Linye | 2010 | Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry2010，29，1： | 4 |
| 9 | Distribution of aromatic bio-markers in pyrolysates of co-ccolithophore显示文摘Analyses of the original and pyrolytic products of coccolithophore at various temperatures suggest that the contribution of coccolithophore to the formation of large immature oil reservoirs should attract keen interest. Through biochemical processes algae can change inorganic sulphur into organic sulphur, which could be one of the most important precursors of organic sulphur compounds in oil and source rocks. When Methylphenanthrene Index (MPI) and Methylphenanthrene Ratio (MPR) indices were used to evaluate the evolution degree of source rocks and oil maturity, other maturity indices must be used together for correction. In low maturity, the relative abundances of diben-zothiophene (DBT), fluorine (F) and dibenzofuran (DBF) can be used to identify the oxidation-reduction environments. | ZHOU Wen WU Qingyu WANG Ruiyong SONG Yitao ZHANG Linye LIU Zhili | 2001 | Chinese Science Bulletin2001，46，3： | 2 |
| 10 | Source rocks in Mesozoic-Cenozoic continental rift basins, east China: A case from Dongying Depression, Bohai Bay Basin显示文摘 | Zhang Linye Liu Qing Zhu Rifang | 2009 | Organic Geochemistry2009，40，2： | 1 |
| 11 | Simulation experiment of immature oil genetic mechanism in lake facies of semi-salt water显示文摘The immature calcareous shale in the south slope of Dongying sag, Jiyang depression, plays a significant role in immature oil genesis, and is sampled to make simulation experiment. The geochemical characters of the products of soluble organic matter and kerogen are researched respectively. The yields of the two components and their relations are made out. The contribution ratio between soluble organic matter and kerogen undergoing early degradation in lake facies of semi-salt water is figured out for the first time, so the research into the genetic mechanism of immature oil is developed. | Linye Zhang Shouchun Zhang Kaiquan Huang Qingong Zhuo Zhihua Hong Difan Huang Tieguan Wang | 1999 | Chinese Science Bulletin1999，44，11： | 1 |
| 12 | Identification and significance of 3β-alkyl steranes in the Eogene lacustrine sediments and petroleum of China显示文摘Several homologous series of steranes with alkyl side chains (C1 to C4) at the 3β position have been identified in the Jiyang Eogene lacustrine deposition. It is postulated that its precursors repre sent a new class of steroids, alkylated at the C-3 po sition with a polyhydroxy n-alkane. These precursors may have been formed by the bacterial addition of a ribose sugar to ?2-sterenes, diagenetic alteration products of steroids synthesized by eukaryotes 3-alkyl steroids might substitute for hopanols in bac terial membranes. When they are present in a sam ple, the patterns of the isomer distributions of 3-alky steranes are similar to desmethyl steranes except fo lower rearranged ones. It is shown that the configu rational isomerization of 3-alkyl steranes is trending in line with that of desmethyl steranes with increasing of maturity. The abundance of 3-alkyl steranes may be controlled by the depositional environments; they are primary in saline or near shore lacustrine, mod erate in shallow lacustrine, poor in sub-deep to deep lacustrine relative to the 4-methyl steranes. | WANG Guangli ZHANG Linye WANG Tieguan | 2006 | Chinese Science Bulletin2006，51，13： | 1 |
| 13 | Effects of biodegradation on the carbon isotopic composition of natural gas-a case study in the bamianhe oil field of the Jiyang depression,eastern China显示文摘 | WANCHUN WANG LINYE ZHANG WENHUI LIU | 2005 | Geochemical Journal2005，39，4： | 1 |
| 14 | The generation of immature oils in the lacustrine Jiyang mega - depression, Bohai Bay Basin, China 显示文摘 | Zhang Linye Zhang Shouehun Chen Zhilin | 2004 | Journal of Petroleum Geology2004，27，4： | 1 |
| 15 | Distribution Patterns of Pentacyclic TriterpenoidHydrocarbons in Low-Mature Source Rocksfrom Eastern China显示文摘Four typical distribution patterns of pentacyclic triterpenoid hydrocarbons (types A-D) are distinguished in the low-mature source rocks from eastern China. Type A has a relatively high content of pentacyclic triterpenes. It exists in immature sediments and the distribution and abundance of triterpenes vary with the maturity of the sediments. An unknown C30 triterpene (UCT2) has also been detected in very shallow sediments. This compound is very unstable and disappears rapidly with the increase of depth. Type B is characterized by a relatively high amount of 17α(H), 21β(H)-30-homohopane. This kind of distribution pattern is common in coals and terrestrial sediments of low maturity. Type C has a relatively high content of diahopane and neohopane series. The analysis shows that this distribution pattern may have an indirect relationship with the input of higher plants despite its microbial source. There are C30-unconfirmed triterpane (UCT2) and a relatively high content of C35 hopane in type D. The | HOU Dujie ZHANG Linye | 1998 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)1998，72，4： | 1 |
| 16 | The generation of immature oils in the lacustrine Jiyang mega-depression, Bohai Bay Basin, China显示文摘 | Zhang Linye Zhang Shouchun Chen Zhilin | 2004 | Journal of Petroleum Geology2004，27，4： | 1 |
| 17 | Photo-Fenton degrada- tion of methyl orange using H3PWl2040 support Fe-bentonite catalyst 显示文摘 | Wei Guangtao Fan Chaoyun Zhang Linye | 2012 | Catalysis Communications2012，17，： | 1 |
| 18 | A Facile stratcgy for constructing boron-rich nanoparticles via boronic acidrelated reaction显示文摘 | Zhang LZ LinY Wang J | | 0，，06： | 1 |
| 19 | Absence of a prominentTh2 cytokine response in human tuberculosis显示文摘 | Liny Zhang M Hofman FM | 1996 | InfectImmun1996，64，4： | 1 |
| 20 | A kinetic study of indium leaching from indium-bearing zinc ferrite under microwave heating显示文摘 | Linye Zhang Jiamei Mo Xuanhai Li | 2013 | Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B2013，44，： | 1 |
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