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| 1 | Breeding wheat for drought tolerance: Progress and technologies显示文摘Recurrent drought associated with climate change is among the principal constraints to global productivity of wheat(Triticum aestivum(L.) and T. turgidum(L.)). Numerous efforts to mitigate drought through breeding resilient varieties are underway across the world. Progress is, however, hampered because drought tolerance is a complex trait that is controlled by many genes and its full expression is affected by the environment. Furthermore, wheat has a structurally intricate and large genome. Consequently, breeding for drought tolerance requires the integration of various knowledge systems and methodologies from multiple disciplines in plant sciences. This review summarizes the progress made in dry land wheat improvement, advances in knowledge, complementary methodologies, and perspectives towards breeding for drought tolerance in the crop to create a coherent overview. Phenotypic, biochemical and genomics-assisted selection methodologies are discussed as leading research components used to exploit genetic variation. Advances in phenomic and genomic technologies are highlighted as options to circumvent existing bottlenecks in phenotypic and genomic selection, and gene transfer. The prospects of further integration of these technologies with other omics technologies are also provided. | Learnmore Mwadzingeni Hussein Shimelis Ernest Dube Mark D Laing Toi J Tsilo | 2016 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2016，15，5： | 6 |
| 2 | Genotype-by-environment interaction for grain yield among novel cowpea(Vigna unguiculata L.) selections derived by gamma irradiation显示文摘This study determined the effects of genotype-by-environment(G × E) interaction and stability of yield among elite cowpea(Vigna unguiculata L.) selections derived by gamma irradiation. The study was conducted in Namibia at three selected sites: Bagani, Mannheim,and Omahenene, during 2014/2015 and 2015/2016. Thirty-four newly developed mutant genotypes and three local checks were evaluated using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Grain yield data were analyzed using the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction(AMMI) and the genotype main effect plus genotype-by-environment interaction(GGE) biplot methods. The AMMI and GGE biplot models explained 77.49% and 75.57% of total observed genotypic variation, respectively.Bagani and Omahenene were the environments best discriminating the test genotypes during 2014/2015 and 2015/2016, respectively. Four promising mutant genotypes: G9(Sh L3 P74), G10(Sh R3 P4), G12(Sh R9 P5), and G4(Sh L2 P4), showed wide adaptation and grain yields of 2.83, 2.06, 1.99, and 1.95 t ha^(-1), respectively. The novel mutant lines are useful genetic resources for production or future cowpea breeding programs in Namibia or similar environments. | Lydia Horn Hussein Shimelis Fatma Sarsu Learnmore Mwadzingeni Mark D.Laing | 2018 | The Crop Journal2018，6，3： | 2 |
| 3 | Genetic analysis of the maximum germination distance of Striga under Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.strigae biocontrol in sorghum显示文摘Maximum germination distance(MGD) is an important component of Striga resistance in sorghum. The objective of this study was to determine gene action influencing MGD of Striga hermonthica and Striga asiatica among selected sorghum lines treated with a biocontrol agent, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. strigae(FOS) for effective breeding with Striga resistance, and FOS compatibility. Twelve sorghum genotypes were selected based on their Striga resistance, FOS compatibility, and superior agronomic performance. Selected genotypes were crossed using a bi-parental mating design to generate six families for genetic analysis. Agar-gel assays were used to determine low haustorium initiation factor(LHF) using the 12 parental lines, their F_1 progenies, backcross derivatives, and F_2 segregants in two sets. One set had S. hermonthica seed and the other one had S. asiatica seed. Both were treated with and without FOS. Genotypes were evaluated using a split-plot design with three replications and MGD data were recorded followed by generation mean analysis. FOS reduced MGD by 1cm under both S. hermonthica and S. asiatica infestations. Additive, dominance, and epistatic gene actions were involved in the control of MGD of the two Striga species in the evaluated populations. On average, the relative contribution of additive, additive×additive and dominance×dominance genetic effects on the MGD of S. hermonthica and S. asiatica, with FOS, were 20, 33, and 36%; and 21, 32, and 35%, respectively. Breeding methods exploiting these genetic effects may provide enhanced response to selection for Striga resistance and FOS compatibility in integrated Striga management(ISM) programmes. | Emmanuel Mrema Hussein Shimelis Mark Laing Learnmore Mwadzingeni | 2018 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2018，17，7： | 0 |
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