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| 1 | Linking atmospheric pollution to cryospheric change in the Third Pole region: current progress and future prospects显示文摘The Tibetan Plateau and its surroundings are known as the Third Pole(TP). This region is noted for its high rates of glacier melt and the associated hydrological shifts that affect water supplies in Asia. Atmospheric pollutants contribute to climatic and cryospheric changes through their effects on solar radiation and the albedos of snow and ice surfaces; moreover, the behavior and fates within the cryosphere and environmental impacts of environmental pollutants are topics of increasing concern. In this review, we introduce a coordinated monitoring and research framework and network to link atmospheric pollution and cryospheric changes(APCC) within the TP region. We then provide an up-to-date summary of progress and achievements related to the APCC research framework, including aspects of atmospheric pollution’s composition and concentration, spatial and temporal variations, trans-boundary transport pathways and mechanisms, and effects on the warming of atmosphere and changing in Indian monsoon, as well as melting of glacier and snow cover. We highlight that exogenous air pollutants can enter into the TP’s environments and cause great impacts on regional climatic and environmental changes. At last, we propose future research priorities and map out an extended program at the global scale. The ongoing monitoring activities and research facilitate comprehensive studies of atmosphere–cryosphere interactions, represent one of China’s key research expeditions to the TP and the polar regions and contribute to the global perspective of earth system science. | Shichang Kang Qianggong Zhang Yun Qian Zhenming Ji Chaoliu Li Zhiyuan Cong Yulan Zhang Junming Guo Wentao Du Jie Huang Qinglong You Arnico K.Panday Maheswar Rupakheti Deliang Chen Orjan Gustafsson Mark H.Thiemens Dahe Qin | 2019 | National Science Review2019，6，4： | 35 |
| 2 | The seasonal variations of δ^(18)O , Cl^- , Na^+ ,NO_3^- and Ca^(2+) in the snow and firn recovered from Princess Elizabeth Land, Antarctica显示文摘Snow and firn samples recovered from two snow pits (2.5 and 4.5m deep) and one 50-m firn core along the route of the 1996/1997 Chinese First Antarctic Inland Traverse Expedition in Princess Elizabeth Land, East Antarctica, have been measured for chemical composition and oxygen isotope ratio. In the two snow pits, the variations of NO3- are partly in phase with that of δ18O, while the variations of Cl- and Na+ are in inverse phase with that of δ18O. | LI Zhongqin, ZHANG Mingjun, QIN Dahe, XIAO Cunde, TIAN Lide KANG Jiancheng and LI Jun Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000, China Chinese Institute of Polar Research, Shanghai 200129, China Antarctic CRC and Australian Antarctic Division , Hobart, Australia Corresponding author | 1999 | Chinese Science Bulletin1999，44，24： | 17 |
| 3 | The summer monsoon evolution recorded by carbon isotope of organic matter from the Yuanbao loess section during the Last Interglaciation显示文摘Based on the carbon isotope record of organic matter from the Yuanbao loess section, northwestern China, five enhanced summer monsoon events were observed at this area during the Last Interglaciation. Such events were also recorded by the paleosol layers, pollen assemblage and magnetic susceptibility. It is suggested that the enhanced summer monsoon leads to the shift of vegetation type, which results in the change of δ13C value of organic matter in the paleosol layer. It appears that the δ13C of organic matter is a good indicator for the summer monsoon variation. Among these five events, the first, second and the fifth reached their maximum smoothly, but the other two had experienced a less cold stage before reaching their peaks, which suggests that the mechanisms of such events may be different. | Yong He Dahe Qin Jiawen Ren Fengxia Li | 2002 | Chinese Science Bulletin2002，47，15： | 10 |
| 4 | RIVER DISCHARGE CHANGES IN THE QINGHAI-TIBET PLATEAU显示文摘Annual mean discharge data of the five large rivers in the exorheic region of the Qing- hai-Tibet Plateau from 1956 to 2000 are analyzed for trends with the Mann-Kendall nonparametric trend test. The results reveal that though in general no in- creasing trends exist in the total river discharges, significant regional differences of river discharge ex- ist, reflecting the decreasing trends of discharge in the Yellow River and the Tongtian River (upper Changjiang River), an increasing trend in Yalong River, and inverted change in the Lancang River and Yarlung Zangbo River. Based on analyses of the seasonal discharge, it is found that climatic change had a significant effect on the seasonal variation of river discharge in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In spring (from March to May) the discharge increased signifi- cantly, especially in the source area of the Yellow River. Together with the analyses on data of the mean temperature in the Northern Hemisphere and climatic data within the river basins, the relationship between discharges and mean temperature of the Northern Hemisphere is explored, which indicates that there is no increase in the stream discharge in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau with global warming. It is probably the increasing evaporation, caused by rising temperature that offsets the hydrological effect of increasing precipitation. | CAO Jianting QIN Dahe KANG Ersi LI Yuanyuan | 2006 | Chinese Science Bulletin2006，51，5： | 9 |
| 5 | The terrestrial NPP simulations in China since Last Glacial Maximum显示文摘Based on Atmosphere-Vegetation Interaction Model (AVIM), the magnitude and spatial distribution of terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP) in China is simu-lated during three different geological eras, Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), Mid-Holocene (MH) and the present. The simulation shows that the glacial-interglacial variation of East Asian summer monsoon in China is the key factor af-fecting the NPP change. During the three eras, mean NPPs are 208 g/m2·a, 409 g/m2·a, and 355 g/m2·a. The total NPPs are 2.05 Pg/a, 3.89 Pg/a and 3.33 Pg/a, respectively. The ter-restrial NPP in China during warm-humid climate is larger than that during cold-arid eras, and the correlation analysis between NPP and climate factors suggests that temperature is the primary factor affecting the terrestrial NPP during 21 kaBP (LGM), and for 6 kaBP (MH) and the present the pri-mary factor is precipitation. | HE Yong DAN Li DONG Wenjie JI Jinjun QIN Dahe | 2005 | Chinese Science Bulletin2005，50，18： | 7 |
| 6 | Variations in the equilibrium line altitude of Urumqi Glacier No.1,Tianshan Mountains,over the past 50 years显示文摘The glacier ELA is one of the important parameters reflecting climate change.Based on observations of the equilibrium line altitude(ELA) of Urumqi Glacier No.1 in the Tianshan Mountains,we established a statistical model between ELA and its major influencing factors,warm season air temperature(air temperature averages for May,June,July and August) and annual precipitation.Result showed that,warm season air temperature was the leading climatic factor influencing ELA variations.The glacier ELA ascends(descends) 61.7 m when warm season air temperature increases(decreases) by 1°C,and ascends(descends) 13.1 m when cold season precipitation decreases(increases) by 10%.In the period 1959-2008,the glacier ELA showed a general increasing trend,ascending108 m and reaching its highest altitude in 2008 at 4168 m a.s.l.,close to the glacier summit.If future climate is similar to that in the past 50 years,the ELA of Urumqi Glacier No.1 will still ascend with a speed of 2.16 m/a.However,If future climate is similar to that in the period 2000-2008,the ELA will still ascend with a speed of 6.5 m/a before it is stable.As a result of ELA variation,the accumulation area ratio(AAR) of the glacier showed a decreasing trend during the past 50 years. | DONG ZhiWen QIN DaHe REN JiaWen LI KaiMing LI ZhongQin | 2012 | Chinese Science Bulletin2012，57，36： | 7 |
| 7 | Surface mass balance and its climate significance from the coast to Dome A, East Antarctica显示文摘Based on stake measurements conducted along the Chinese Antarctic traverse since Jan.1999,we investigated the characteristics of surface mass balance(SMB)and related climate consequences from Zhongshan Station to Dome A,East Antarctica.Spatial analysis suggests that post-depositional processes have a great impact on surface morphology;thus,the representativeness of a single measurement should be discussed in conjunction with local climate features.The comparison among snow accumulation,ice sheet thickness,surface elevation,and ice velocity indicates that the bedrock topography has an indirect connection with the SMB patterns through controlling the surface topography and local climate.The observation reveals that the Lambert Glacier Basin has been experiencing increasing mass input(4.5%),whereas the inland area has experienced a 6%loss,since 2005.An overall estimation of the SMB along the route is 71.3±44.3 kg m?2 a?1,but the annual and regional variation is considerable.Tendency analysis shows that there are four sections with different SMB patterns as a result of three moisture sources and surface climatic discrepancy in the Antarctic inland.This study is the first to identify four SMB patterns from the coast to the Dome area and should provide a valuable contribution to modeling and remote sensing on a continental scale. | DING MingHu XIAO CunDe LI ChuanJin QIN DaHe JIN Bo SHI GuiTao XIE AiHong CUI XiangBin | 2015 | Science China Earth Sciences2015，58，10： | 7 |
| 8 | Harnessing the native type I-B CRISPR-Cas for genome editing in a polyploid archaeon显示文摘Research on CRISPR-Cas(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR associated protein) systems has led to the revolutionary CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technique. However, for most archaea and half of bacteria, exploitation of their native CRISPR-Cas machineries may be more straightforward and convenient. In this study, we harnessed the native type I-B CRISPR-Cas system for precise genome editing in the polyploid haloarchaeon Haloarcula hispanica. After testing different designs, the editing tool was optimized to be a single plasmid that carries both the self-targeting miniCRISPR and a 600-800 bp donor. Significantly, chromosomal modifications, such as gene deletion, gene tagging or single nucleotide substitution, were precisely introduced into the vast majority of the transformants. Moreover, we showed that simultaneous editing of two genomic loci could also be readily achieved by one step. In summary, our data demonstrate that the haloarchaeal CRISPR-Cas system can be harnessed for genome editing in this polyploid archaeon, and highlight the convenience and efficiency of the native CRISPR-based genome editing strategy. | Feiyue Cheng Luyao Gong Dahe Zhao Haibo Yang Jian Zhou Ming Li Hua Xiang | 2017 | Journal of Genetics and Genomics2017，44，11： | 5 |
| 9 | Main pollution sources of central Arctic revealed by lead and its isotopic ratios recorded in snow显示文摘The spatial distribution and environmental significance of Pb and its stable isotope ratios in central Arctic snow are discussed. The shear zone is a dividing line. The concentration of Pb in the south section is higher than that of the north section, and in the shear zone it is close to that of sea salt. Anthropogenic Pb by calculation is larger than 99%. Its main sources are polluted air masses origi nation from Europe and the midpart of Russia, as well as the western North America and far east Russia. This is also conformed by 206Pb/ 207Pb. | Cunde Xiao Dahe Qin Yuefang Li Jiawen Ren | 1998 | Chinese Science Bulletin1998，43，10： | 4 |
| 10 | A 2680-year record of sea ice extent in the Ross Sea and the associated atmospheric circulation derived from the DT401 East Antarctic ice core显示文摘Long time series of Antarctic sea ice extent(SIE) are important for climate research and model forecasting. A historic ice extent in the Ross Sea in early austral winter was rebuilt through sea salt ions in the DT401 ice core in interior East Antarctica. El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO) had a significant influence on the sea salt deposition in DT401 through its influence on the Ross Sea SIE and the transport of sea salt inland. Spectral analysis also supported the influence of ENSO with a significant 2–6 a periodicity band. In addition, statistically significant decadal(10 a) and pentadecadal(50–70 a) periodicities suggested the existence of a teleconnection from the Pacific decadal oscillation(PDO), which originated from sea surface temperature anomalies in the tropical Pacific Ocean. The first eigenvector of the empirical orthogonal function analysis(EOF1) showed lower values during the Medieval Warm Period(MWP), while higher values were found in the Little Ice Age(LIA). A higher frequency of ENSO events were found in the cold climatic stage. The post 1800 AD period was occupied by significant fluctuations of the EOF1, and PDO may be one of the influencing factors. The EOF1 values showed moderate fluctuations from 680 BC to 1000 AD, showing that the climate was relatively stable in this period. | LI ChuanJin REN JiaWen XIAO CunDe HOU ShuGui DING MingHu QIN DaHe | 2015 | Science China Earth Sciences2015，58，11： | 4 |
| 11 | Thermal behavior simulation of Ni/MH battery显示文摘Thermal behavior of overcharged Ni/MH battery is studied with microcalorimeter. The battery is in-stalled in a special device in a microcalorimeter with a quartz frequency thermometer. Quantity of heat and heat capacity of the battery charged at different state of charge (SOC) at different rates are meas-ured by the microcalorimeter. Based on a series of assumputions, heat transfer equation is set up. Ex-pression of heat generation is attained by curve fitting instead of theoretical calculation. Thermal model is used to simulate thermal behavior of the battery in charging period , results of calculation and ex-periment match very well. The temperature distribution is non-uniform because the poor conductivity limits the heat transfer during charging process. It is difficult to greatly improve the heat conductivity of the battery because it is related to materials inside the battery including electrodes, separators and so on. Therefore, high rate charge should be avoided in actual use. It may cause some damage to the battery. | LI DaHe YANG Kai CHEN Shi WU Feng | 2009 | Chinese Science Bulletin2009，54，9： | 4 |
| 12 | Factors controlling the nitrate in the DT-401 ice core in eastern Antarctica显示文摘Nitrate,an oxidized product of NO x preserved in the polar ice cores,has often been used to estimate past changes of the atmospheric nitrogen cycle.A 102.65 m ice core drilled at DT-401(79°01'S,77°00'E) in 1999 provides an opportunity to investigate the possible influencing factors for the nitrate budget in the eastern Antarctica.We studied the relationship between the δ18O(representing the temperature),accumulation rate,volcanic deposition and the astronomical factors(such as the solar activities,supernovae,etc.),and the nitrate variation along the whole duration(2680-year) of the ice core.Prominent impacts of the accumulation rate acting on the nitrate flux rather than the concentration were detected.However,no significant correlation was found between the δ18O and the nitrate deposition characteristics(concentration and the flux variations).Volcanic deposition can significantly affect the deposition of nitrate with a decreasing trend accompanied by the nss-SO42(volcanic signal) peak values.Impacts of the solar activities on the nitrate deposition can be detected at this site,and three prominent periodicities(16.6,24.0 and 102.0 yr) were found for the nitrate concentration variations.Six climatic events(Dalton Minimum,Maunder Minimum,Sporer Minimum,Wolf Minimum,Oort Minimum and Medieval Maximum) during the past 1150 years were observed with lower nitrate values for the foregoing five events and higher value for the last one. | LI ChuanJin REN JiaWen QIN DaHe XIAO CunDe HOU ShuGui LI YuanSheng DING MingHu | 2013 | Science China Earth Sciences2013，56，9： | 4 |
| 13 | Variation of Thornthwaite Moisture Index in Hengduan Mountains, China显示文摘The Thornthwaite moisture index, an index of the supply of water(precipitation) in an area relative to the climatic demand for water(potential evapotranspiration), was used to examine the spatial and temporal variation of drought and to verify the influence of environmental factors on the drought in the Hengduan Mountains, China. Results indicate that the Thornthwaite moisture index in the Hengduan Mountains had been increasing since 1960 with a rate of 0.1938/yr. Annual Thornthwaite moisture index in Hengduan Mountains was between –97.47 and 67.43 and the spatial heterogeneity was obvious in different seasons. Thornthwaite moisture index was high in the north and low in the south, and the monsoon rainfall had a significant impact on its spatial distribution. The tendency rate of Thornthwaite moisture index variation varied in different seasons, and the increasing trends in spring were greater than that in summer and autumn. However, the Thornthwaite moisture index decreased in winter. Thornthwaite moisture index increased greatly in the north and there was a small growth in the south of Hengduan Mountains. The increase of precipitation and decrease of evaporation lead to the increase of Thornthwaite moisture index. Thornthwaite moisture index has strong correlation with vegetation coverage. It can be seen that the correlation between Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI) and Thornthwaite moisture index was positive in spring and summer, but negative in autumn and winter. Correlation between Thornthwaite moisture index and relative soil relative moisture content was positive in spring, summer and autumn, but negative in winter. The typical mountainous terrain affect the distribution of temperature, precipitation, wind speed and other meteorological factors in this region, and then affect the spatial distribution of Thornthwaite moisture index. The unique ridge-gorge terrain caused the continuity of water-heat distribution from the north to south, and the water-heat was stronger than that from the east to west part, and thus determined the spatial distribution of Thornthwaite moisture index. The drought in the Hengduan Mountains area is mainly due to the unstable South Asian monsoon rainfall time. | ZHU Guofeng QIN Dahe TONG Huali LIU Yuanfeng LI Jiafang CHEN Dongdong WANG Kai HU Pengfei | 2016 | Chinese Geographical Science2016，26，5： | 4 |
| 14 | Snowdrift effect on snow deposition:Insights from a comparison of a snow pit profile and meteorological observations in east Antarctica显示文摘A high-frequency and precise ultrasonic sounder was used to monitor precipitated/deposited and drift snow events over a 3-year period(17 January 2005 to 4 January 2008) at the Eagle automatic weather station site,inland Antarctica.Ion species and oxygen isotope ratios were also generated from a snow pit below the sensor.These accumulation and snowdrift events were used to examine the synchronism with seasonal variations of δ^(18)O and ion species,providing an opportunity to assess the snowdrift effect in typical Antarctic inland conditions.There were up to 1-year differences for this 3-year-long snow pit between the traditional dating method and ultrasonic records.This difference implies that in areas with low accumulation or high wind,the snowdrift effect can induce abnormal disturbances on snow deposition.The snowdrift effect should be seriously taken into account for high-resolution dating of ice cores and estimation of surface mass balance,especially when the morphology of most Antarctic inland areas is similar to that of the Eagle site. | DING MingHu ZHANG Tong XIAO CunDe LI ChuanJin JIN Bo BIAN LinGen WANG ShuJie ZHANG DongQi QIN DaHe | 2017 | Science China Earth Sciences2017，60，4： | 3 |
| 15 | Organic acids:Differences in ice core records between Glacier 1,Tianshan,China and the polar areas显示文摘Formate (HCOO-), acetate (CH3COO-), oxalate (C2O42-) and pyruvate ((CO)C2O42-) are detected in a 14.08-m-long ice core recovered in Glacier 1 at the Urumqi riverhead, Tianshan, China, which is a mid-latitude alpine glacier (43°06′N, 86°49′E). the mean concentrations for the four organic acids in recent four decades are (102.8±147.3), (392.3±390.8), (6.9(+14.8) and (4.2±8.3) ng/g, respectively, with the ratio for HCOO-/CH3COO- of 0.34± 0.43. They represent the major acid components, and originate mainly from anthropogenic emission in the nearby industrial cities. Compared with Greenland and Antarctica, Glacier 1 is much higher in carboxylic acids, which were not subjected to long distance transportation as well as complicated atmospheric reactions. The alpine glacier can be, therefore, useful to reconstructing human pollution scenario to the regional atmosphere. | Xinqing Li Dahe Qin Hui Zhou | 2001 | Chinese Science Bulletin2001，46，1： | 3 |
| 16 | Spatial and temporal variability of marine-origin matter along a transect from Zhongshan Station to Dome A,Eastern Antarctica显示文摘The spatiotemporal distribution pattern of marine-origin matter on the Antarctica ice sheet was used to study variations in the source regions, transport mechanisms and postdepositional influences. We present data on sea salt ions, sulfur components and stable isotopes from surface and snow pit samples collected along the transect route from Zhongshan Station to Dome A during the austral summer in 2012–2013. A general decreasing trend in the accumulation, sea salt ions and sulfur components occurred with increasing distance from the coast and increasing elevation. However, different sources of the marine components, transport pathways and post-depositional influences were responsible for their different spatial distribution patterns. The marine ions in the coastal snow pit varied seasonally, with higher sea salt ion concentrations in the winter and lower concentrations in the summer; the opposite pattern was found for the sulfur compounds. The sea ice area surrounding Antarctica was the main source region for the deposited sea salt and the open sea water for the sulfur compounds. No significant trends in the marine-origin components were detected during the past 3 decades. Several periods of elevated deposition of sea salt ions were associated with lower temperatures(based on δD and δ18O) or intensified wind fields. In comparison to the sea salt ions, the sulfur concentrations exhibited the opposite distribution patterns and were associated with changes in the surrounding sea ice extent. | Chuanjin Li Cunde Xiao Guitao Shi Minghu Ding Dahe Qin Jiawen Ren | 2016 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2016，28，8： | 3 |
| 17 | Global pollution shown by lead and cadmium contents in precipitation of polar regions and Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau显示文摘The analysis of the major ions, lead and cadmium has been performed for snow-pit samples collected from the Arctic, the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and the Antarctic Ice Sheet. These snow pits were excavated respectively from the snowpack in Canadian Northwest Territory (NWT) and the central Arctic, three glaciers on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and surface snow along the route of the International Trans-Antarctic Expedition (ITAE). The source regions for the lead pollution of central Arctic have been identified by analyzing of stable lead isotopic ratios, meteorological and atmospheric chemistry studies. It shows that the central Arctic is still under intensive lead input, despite the fact that lead content in Greenland Ice Sheet displays a rapid decreasing since the 1970s due to US and some European countries’ campaigns to reduce lead-containing gasoline-additives. This is because there are multiple lead sources for the central Arctic, including the countries that have not performed gasoline-additives | Cunde Xiao Dahe Qin Tandong Yao Jiawen Ren Yuefang Li | 2000 | Chinese Science Bulletin2000，45，9： | 3 |
| 18 | Diurnal hydrological controls and non-filtration effects on minor and trace elements in stream water draining the Qiyi Glacier, Qilian Mountain显示文摘Diurnal minor and trace elements in glacial outflow water draining the Qiyi Glacier and associated hydrological controls as well as the filtration effects on water chemistry were examined. Results show that major ions, Li, Sr, and Ba are exported predominately as mobile monovalent or divalent ions and are controlled by hydrological variations over the diurnal cycle exhibiting an inverse concentration with discharge, suggesting that Li, Sr, and Ba can be used as tracers in subglacial hydrological investigations. Conversely, other elements (e.g. Fe, Al, and Cr) exhibit variations that are not strongly correlated with the discharge reflecting the physicochemical controls. The non-filtered operation appears not to strongly influence Sr and Ba, but has an effect on some elements such as Fe, Al, V, Ti, and Co, indicating that these changed elements are transported in particulate forms and thus their concentrations are highly dependent on particulate numbers in solutions. This implies that the immediate filtration after sampling is essential in hydrochemical studies at Alpine glacial basins due to subsequent mineral dissolution. | LI XiangYing QIN DaHe JING ZheFan LI YueFang WANG NingLian | 2013 | Science China Earth Sciences2013，56，1： | 3 |
| 19 | Snow cover distribution, varia- bility, and response to climate change in Western China 显示文摘 | Qin Dahe Liu Shiyin Li Peiji | 2006 | Journal of Climate2006，19，9： | 1 |
| 20 | Snow cover distribution, variability and response to climate change in western China 显示文摘 | Qin Dahe Liu Shiyin Li Peiji | 2006 | Journal of Climate2006，19，： | 1 |
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