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| 1 | Liver metastasis is the only independent prognostic factor in AFP-producing gastric cancer显示文摘AIM:To investigate differences between common gastric cancer andα-fetoprotein(AFP)-producing gastric cancer according to the presence or absence of liver metastasis.METHODS:Between 1997 and 2011,1299 patients underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancer(GC)at our institute and their hospital records were reviewed retrospectively.Patients were immunohistochemically divided into two groups:23 patients(1.8%)with AFPproducing GC and 1276 patients(98.2%)without it.RESULTS:AFP-producing GC patients had a significantly higher incidence of deeper tumors,venous invasion,lymphatic invasion,lymph node metastasis,and liver metastasis and a poorer prognosis(P<0.005)than those without AFP-producing GC.However,multi-variate analysis revealed that AFP-positivity was not an independent prognostic factor.The prognosis of AFPproducing GC was similar to that of AFP-non producing GC according to the presence or absence of liver metastasis.Concerning recurrence,47.8%of patients(11/23)with AFP-producing GC and 20.0%of patients(256/1276)without AFP-producing GC exhibited recurrence.Liver metastasis[90.9%(10/11)]was the most prevalent in AFP-producing GC patients.Multivariate analysis revealed that liver metastasis was the only independent prognostic factor in AFP-producing GC(HR=17.6,95%CI:2.1-147.1;P=0.0081).CONCLUSION:AFP-producing GC is similar to common GC without liver metastasis,which should be specifically targeted in an effort to improve the prognosis of AFP-producing GC patients. | Shoji Hirajima Shuhei Komatsu Daisuke Ichikawa Takeshi Kubota Kazuma Okamoto Atsushi Shiozaki Hitoshi Fujiwara Hirotaka Konishi Hisashi Ikoma Eigo Otsuji | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，36： | 33 |
| 2 | Current status, problems, and perspectives of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease research显示文摘Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is a major chronic liver disease that can lead to liver cirrhosis, liver cancer, and ultimately death. NAFLD is pathologically classified as non-alcoholic fatty liver(NAFL) or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) based on the existence of ballooned hepatocytes,although the states have been known to transform into each other. Moreover,since the detection of ballooned hepatocytes may be difficult with limited biopsied specimens, its clinical significance needs reconsideration. Repeated liver biopsy to assess histological NAFLD activity for therapeutic response is also impractical, creating the need for body fluid biomarkers and less invasive imaging modalities. Recent longitudinal observational studies have emphasized the importance of advanced fibrosis as a determinant of NAFLD outcome. Thus,identifying predictors of fibrosis progression and developing better screening methods will enable clinicians to isolate high-risk NAFLD patients requiring early intensive intervention. Despite the considerable heterogeneity of NAFLD with regard to underlying disease, patient age, and fibrosis stage, several clinical trials are underway to develop a first-in-class drug. In this review, we summarize the present status and future direction of NAFLD/NASH research towards solving unmet medical needs. | Naoki Tanaka Takefumi Kimura Naoyuki Fujimori Tadanobu Nagaya Michiharu Komatsu Eiji Tanaka | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，2： | 29 |
| 3 | Progression of remnant gastric cancer is associated with duration of follow-up following distal gastrectomy显示文摘AIM: To re-evaluate the recent clinicopathological features of remnant gastric cancer (RGC) and to develop desirable surveillance programs. METHODS: Between 1997 and 2008, 1149 patients underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancer at the Department of Digestive Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan. Of these, 33 patients underwent gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy for RGC. Regarding the initial gastric disease, there were 19 patients with benign disease and 14 patients with gastric cancer. The hospital records of these patients were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Concerning the initial gastric disease, the RGC group following gastric cancer had a shorter interval [P < 0.05; gastric cancer vs benign disease: 12 (2-22) vs 30 (4-51) years] and were more frequently reconstructed by Billroth-Ⅰ procedure than those following benign lesions (P < 0.001). Regarding reconstruction, RGC following Billroth-Ⅱ reconstruction showed a longer interval between surgical procedures [P < 0.001; Billroth-Ⅱ vs Billroth-Ⅰ: 32 (5-51) vs 12 (2-36) years] and tumors were more frequently associated with benign disease (P < 0.001) than those following Billroth-Ⅰ reconstruction. In tumor location of RGC, after Billroth-Ⅰ reconstruction, RGC occurred more frequently near the suture line and remnant gastric wall. After Billroth-Ⅱ reconstruction, RGC occurred more frequently at the anastomotic site. The duration of follow-up was significantly associated with the stage of RGC (P < 0.05). Patients diagnosed with early stage RGC such as stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ tended to have been followed up almost every second year. CONCLUSION: Meticulous follow-up examination and early detection of RGC might lead to a better prognosis. Based on the initial gastric disease and the procedure of reconstruction, an appropriate follow-up interval and programs might enable early detection of RGC. | Shuhei Komatsu Daisuke Ichikawa Kazuma Okamoto Daito Ikoma Masahiro Tsujiura Yukihisa Nishimura Yasutoshi Murayama Atsushi Shiozaki Hisashi Ikoma Yoshiaki Kuriu Masayoshi Nakanishi Hitoshi Fujiwara Toshiya Ochiai Yukihito Kokuba Eigo Otsuji | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，22： | 25 |
| 4 | Liquid biopsy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: Circulating tumor cells and cell-free nucleic acids显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), with its high incidence and mortality rate, is one of the most common malignant tumors. Despite recent development of a diagnostic and treatment method, the prognosis of HCC remains poor. Therefore, to provide optimal treatment for each patient with HCC, more precise and effective biomarkers are urgently needed which could facilitate a more detailed individualized decision-making during HCC treatment, including the following; risk assessment, early cancer detection, prediction of treatment or prognostic outcome. In the blood of cancer patients, accumulating evidence about circulating tumor cells and cell-free nucleic acids has suggested their potent clinical utilities as novel biomarker. This concept, so-called 'liquid biopsy' is widely known as an alternative approach to cancer tissue biopsy. This method might facilitate a more sensitive diagnosis and better decision-making by obtaining genetic and epigenetic aberrations that are closely associated with cancer initiation and progression. In this article, we review recent developments based on the available literature on both circulating tumor cells and cell-free nucleic acids in cancer patients, especially focusing on Hepatocellular carcinoma. | wataru okajima shuhei komatsu daisuke ichikawa mahito miyamae takuma ohashi taisuke imamura jun kiuchi keiji nishibeppu tomohiro arita hirotaka konishi atsushi shiozaki ryo morimura hisashi ikoma kazuma okamoto eigo otsuji | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，31： | 22 |
| 5 | Optimal duration of the early and late recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy显示文摘AIM: To determine the best cut-off value between the early and late recurrence periods after the initial recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS: The clinical records of 404 patients who underwent macroscopic curative hepatectomy for HCC between 1980 and 2010 were retrospectively examined. We divided the 252 patients experienced a recurrence of HCC into two groups, the early and late recurrence groups using the 'minimum P-value' approach. Factors for early recurrence were investigated using all 404 patients, and factors related to late recurrence were investigated in the patients who were confirmed to be recurrence free at the end of the early recurrence period.RESULTS: For the 252 patients who experienced a recurrence, the optimal cut-off value for differentiating early and late recurrence based on the overall survival after initial recurrence was 17 mo(5-year overall survival after initial recurrence: 15.4% vs 36.3%, P = 0.000018). Cox proportional hazard analysis identified early recurrence(P = 0.003) as one of the independent prognostic factors associated with overall survival after initial recurrence. A logistic regression model showed that an alpha-fetoprotein level > 100 ng/m L(P < 0.001), multiple HCC(P < 0.001), serosal invasion(P = 0.031), and microvascular invasion(P = 0.012) were independent factors associated with early recurrence, whereas the only independent factor related to late recurrence was liver cirrhosis(P = 0.002).CONCLUSION: Seventeen months after hepatectomy is a useful cut-off value between early and late recurrence of HCC based on the prognosis and different etiologies. | Yusuke Yamamoto Hisashi Ikoma Ryo Morimura Hirotaka Konishi Yasutoshi Murayama Shuhei Komatsu Atsushi Shiozaki Yoshiaki Kuriu Takeshi Kubota Masayoshi Nakanishi Daisuke Ichikawa Hitoshi Fujiwara Kazuma Okamoto Chouhei Sakakura Toshiya Ochiai Eigo Otsuji | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，4： | 14 |
| 6 | Hepatitis B virus: Where do we stand and what is the next step for eradication?显示文摘Hepatitis B(HB) virus(HBV) infection, which causes liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, is endemic worldwide. Hepatitis B vaccines became commercially available in the 1980 s. The World Health Organization recommended the integration of the HB vaccine into the national immunisation programs in all countries. HBV prevention strategies are classified into three groups:(1) universal vaccination alone;(2) universal vaccination with screening of pregnant women plus HB immune globulin(HBIG) at birth; and(3) selective vaccination with screening of pregnant women plus HBIG at birth. Most low-income countries have adopted universal vaccine programs without screening of pregnant women. However, HB vaccines are not widely used in low-income countries. The Global Alliance for Vaccine and Immunization was launched in 2000, and by 2012, the global coverage of a three-dose HB vaccine had increased to 79%. The next challenges are to further increase the coverage rate, close the gap between recommendations and routine practices, approach highrisk individuals, screen and treat chronically infected individuals, and prevent breakthrough infections. To eradicate HBV infections, strenuous efforts are required to overcome socioeconomic barriers to the HB vaccine; this task is expected to take several decades to complete. | Haruki Komatsu | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，27： | 13 |
| 7 | Risk factors to predict severe postoperative pancreatic fistula following gastrectomy for gastric cancer显示文摘AIM:To allow the identification of high-risk postoperative pancreatic fistula(POPF)patients with special reference to the International Study Group on Pancreatic Fistula(ISGPF)classification.METHODS:Between 1997 and 2010,1341 consecutive patients underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancer at the Department of Digestive Surgery,Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine,Japan.Based on the preoperative diagnosis,total or distal gastrectomy and sufficient lymphadenectomy was performed,mainly according to the Japanese guidelines for the treatment of gastric cancer.Of these,35 patients(2.6%)were diagnosed with Grade B or C POPF according to the ISGPF classification and were treated intensively.The hospital records of these patients were reviewed retrospectively.RESULTS:Of 35 patients with severe POPF,17(49%)and 18(51%)patients were classified as Grade B and C POPF,respectively.From several clinical factors,the severity of POPF according to the ISGPF classification was significantly correlated with the duration of intensive POPF treatments(P=0.035).Regarding the clinical factors to distinguish extremely severe POPF,older patients(P=0.035,65 years≤vs<65 years old)and those with lower lymphocyte counts at the diagnosis of POPF(P=0.007,<1400/mm3vs 1400/mm3≤)were significantly correlated with Grade C POPF,and a low lymphocyte count was an independent risk factor by multivariate analysis[P=0.045,OR=10.45(95%CI:1.050-104.1)].CONCLUSION:Caution and intensive care are required for older POPF patients and those with lower lymphocyte counts at the diagnosis of POPF. | Shuhei Komatsu Daisuke Ichikawa Kingo Kashimoto Takeshi Kubota Kazuma Okamoto Hirotaka Konishi Atsushi Shiozaki Hitoshi Fujiwara Eigo Otsuji | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，46： | 13 |
| 8 | Potato Responds to Salt Stress by Increased Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes显示文摘To understand the response of potato to salt stress, antioxidant enzyme activities and ion content were analyzed for a sensitive and a tolerant cultivar. Nodal cuttings of the tolerant cultivar, Kennebec, and the sensitive cultivar, Concord, were exposed to media without or with 30, 60, 90 or 120 mmol/L NaCl for 4 weeks. On exposure to NaCl, the length and fresh and dry weight of both shoots and roots of Concord showed greater decrease than those of Kennebec. The decrease in shoot growth was more severe than that of the root for both cultivars. The K+ content of shoots and roots of both cultivars was reduced in a dose-dependent manner by exposure to NaCl; the Na+ content increased. Activities of ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and glutathione reductase were increased in NaCl-exposed shoots of Kennebec; the corresponding activities in NaCl-exposed shoots of Concord were decreased. Roots of both cultivars showed similar changes in the activities of these enzymes on exposure to NaCl. These studies established that enzyme activities in Concord shoots are inversely related to the NaCl concentration, whereas those in Kennebec do not show a dose dependency, which is also the case for the roots of both cultivars. Our findings suggest that an increase in activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and glutathione reductase, can contribute to salt tolerance in Kennebec, a salt resistant cultivar of potato. | Keyvan Aghaei Ali Akber Ehsanpour Setsuko Komatsu | 2009 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2009，51，12： | 10 |
| 9 | Liquid biopsy in patients with pancreatic cancer: Circulating tumor cells and cell-free nucleic acids显示文摘Despite recent advances in surgical techniques and perioperative management, the prognosis of pancreatic cancer(PCa) remains extremely poor. To provide optimal treatment for each patient with Pca, superior biomarkers are urgently needed in all phases of management from early detection to staging, treatment monitoring, and prognosis. In the blood of patients with cancer, circulating tumor cells(CTCs) and cell-free nucleic acids(cf NAs), such as DNA, m RNA, and noncoding RNA have been recognized. In the recent years, their presence in the blood has encouraged researchers to investigate their potential use as novel blood biomarkers, and numerous studies have demonstrated their potential clinical utility as a biomarker for certain types of cancer. This concept, called 'liquid biopsy' has been focused on as a less invasive, alternative approach to cancer tissue biopsy for obtaining genetic and epigenetic aberrations that contribute to oncogenesis and cancer progression. In this article, we review the available literature on CTCs and cfN As in patients with cancer, particularly focusing on PCa, and discuss future perspectives in this field. | Taisuke Imamura Shuhei Komatsu Daisuke Ichikawa Tsutomu Kawaguchi Mahito Miyamae Wataru Okajima Takuma Ohashi Tomohiro Arita Hirotaka Konishi Atsushi Shiozaki Ryo Morimura Hisashi Ikoma Kazuma Okamoto Eigo Otsuji | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，25： | 10 |
| 10 | Post-hepatectomy survival in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombosis显示文摘AIM: To analyze hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) patients with portal vein tumor thrombosis(PVTT) using the tumor-node-metastasis(TNM) staging system.METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 372 patients with HCC who underwent hepatectomy between 1980 and 2009.We studied the outcomes of HCC patients with PVTT to evaluate the American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM staging system(7th edition) for stratifying and predicting the prognosis of a large cohort of HCC patients after hepatectomy in a single-center.Portal vein invasion(vp) 1 was defined as an invasion or tumor thrombus distal to the second branch of the portal vein,vp2 as an invasion or tumor thrombus in the second branch of the portal vein,vp3 as an invasion or tumor thrombus in the first branch of the portal vein,and vp4 as an invasion or tumor thrombus in the portal trunk or extending to a branch on the contralateral side.RESULTS: The cumulative 5-year overall survival(5yr OS) and 5-year disease-free survival(5yr DFS) rates of the 372 patients were 58.3% and 31.3%,respectively.The 5yr DFS and 5yr OS of vp3-4 patients(n = 10) were 20.0%,and 30.0%,respectively,which was comparable with the corresponding survival rates of vp1-2 patients(P = 0.466 and 0.586,respectively).In the subgroup analysis of patients with macroscopic PVTT(vp2-4),the OS of the patients who underwent preoperative transarterial chemoembolization was comparable to that of patients who did not(P = 0.747).There was a significant difference in the DFS between patients with stage Ⅰ HCC and those with stage Ⅱ HCC(5yr DFS 39.2% vs 23.1%,P < 0.001); however,theDFS for stage Ⅱ was similar to that for stage Ⅲ(5yrD FS 23.1% vs 13.8%,P = 0.330).In the subgroup analysis of stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ HCC(n = 148),only alpha-fetoprotein(AFP) > 100 mg/dL was independently associated with DFS.CONCLUSION: Hepatectomy for vp3-4 HCC results in a survival rate similar to hepatectomy for vp1-2.AFP stratified the stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ HCC patients according to prognosis. | Yusuke Yamamoto Hisashi Ikoma Ryo Morimura Katsutoshi Shoda Hirotaka Konishi Yasutoshi Murayama Shuhei Komatsu Atsushi Shiozaki Yoshiaki Kuriu Takeshi Kubota Masayoshi Nakanishi Daisuke Ichikawa Hitoshi Fujiwara Kazuma Okamoto Chouhei Sakakura Toshiya Ochiai Eigo Otsuji | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，1： | 9 |
| 11 | Ubiquitylation of p62/sequestosome1 activates its autophagy receptor function and controls selective autophagy upon ubiquitin stress显示文摘在细胞的 ubiquitin (Ub ) 的改变动态平衡,作为 Ub 知道强调,展示并且影响处于多重条件的细胞的回答,然而,内在的机制不完全地被理解。这里,我们报导 autophagy 受体 p62/sequestosome-1 与结合酶, UBE2D2 和 UBE2D3 的 E2 Ub 交往。内长的 p62 在 Ub 动态平衡的 upregulation 期间经历 E2 依赖的 ubiquitylation,一个条件作为 Ub + 应力称为,那对由 bortezomib 的 Ub overexpression,热吃惊或延长 proteasomal 抑制内在,化学疗法的药。p62 的 Ubiquitylation 破坏 p62 的 UBA 领域的 dimerization,解放它的能力认出为选择 autophagy 的 polyubiquitylated 货物。我们进一步证明这机制可能为在 Ub + 压力条件之上的 autophagy 激活是批评的。机制的描述和在察觉到 Ub 应力并且控制选择 autophagy 的 p62 的规章的角色能帮助理解并且调制细胞的回答到许多内长、环境的挑战,潜在地对 autophagy 相关的病为治疗学的策略的发展打开一条新大街。 | Hong Peng Jiao Yang Guangyi Li Qing You Wen Han Tianrang Li Darning Gao Xiaoduo Xie Byung-Hoon Lee Juan Du Jian Hou Tao Zhang Hai Rao Ying Huang Qinrun Li Rong Zeng Lijian Hui Hongyan Wang Qin Xia Xuemin Zhang Yongning He Masaaki Komatsu Ivan Dikic Daniel Finley Ronggui Hu | 2017 | Cell Research2017，27，5： | 9 |
| 12 | PROTEOME ANALYSIS OF RICE ROOT PROTEINS REGULATED BY GIBBERELLIN显示文摘To gain an enhanced understanding of the mechanism by which gibberellins (GAs) regulate the growth and development of plants, it is necessary to identify proteins regulated by GA. Proteome analysis techniques have been applied as a direct, e?ective, and reliable tool in di?erential protein expressions. In previous studies, sixteen proteins showed di?erences in accumulation levels as a result of treatment with GA3, uniconazole, or abscisic acid (ABA), and/or the di?erences between the GA-deficient semi-dwarf mutant, Tan-ginbozu, and normal cultivars. Among these proteins, aldolase increased in roots treated with GA3, was present at low levels in Tan-ginbozu roots, and decreased in roots treated with uniconazole or ABA. In a root elongation assay, the growth of aldolase-antisense transgenic rice was half of that of vector control transgenic rice. These results indicate that increases in aldolase activity stimulate the glycolytic pathway and may play an important role in the GA-induced growth of roots. In this review, we discuss the relationship among GA, aldolase, and root growth. | SETSUKO KOMATSU HIROSATO KONISHI | 2005 | Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics2005，3，3： | 9 |
| 13 | Liquid biopsy of gastric cancer patients:Circulating tumor cells and cell-free nucleic acids显示文摘To improve the clinical outcomes of cancer patients,early detection and accurate monitoring of diseases are necessary.Numerous genetic and epigenetic alterations contribute to oncogenesis and cancer progression,and analyses of these changes have been increasingly utilized for diagnostic,prognostic and therapeutic purposes in malignant diseases including gastric cancer(GC).Surgical and/or biopsy specimens are generally used to understand the tumor-associated alterations;however,those approaches cannot always be performed because of their invasive characteristics and may fail to reflect current tumor dynamics and drug sensitivities,which may change during the therapeutic process.Therefore,the importance of developing a non-invasive biomarker with the ability to monitor real-time tumor dynamics should be emphasized.This concept,so called'liquid biopsy',would provide an ideal therapeutic strategy for an individual cancer patient and would facilitate the development of'tailor-made'cancer management programs.In the blood of cancer patients,the presence and potent utilities of circulating tumor cells(CTCs)and cell-free nucleic acids(cfNAs)such as DNA,mRNA and microRNA have been recognized,and their clinical relevance is attracting considerable attention.In this review,we discuss recent developments in this research field as well as the relevance and future perspectives of CTCs and cfNAs in cancer patients,especially focusing on GC. | Masahiro Tsujiura Daisuke Ichikawa Hirotaka Konishi Shuhei Komatsu Atsushi Shiozaki Eigo Otsuji | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，12： | 8 |
| 14 | Safety and utility of capsule endoscopy for infants and young children显示文摘AIM:To assess the safety and utility of capsule endoscopy(CE)for children who are unable to swallow the capsule endoscope.METHODS:The medical records of all of the children who underwent CE between 2010 and 2012 were retrospectively reviewed.The patients were divided into 2groups:group A included patients who were unable to swallow the capsule endoscope,and group B included patients who were able to swallow it.For the patients who were unable to swallow the capsule endoscope,it was placed in the duodenum endoscopically.The small bowel transit time,endoscopic diagnosis and complications of the 2 groups were compared.RESULTS:During the study period,28 CE procedures were performed in 26 patients.Group A included 11patients with a median age of 2 years(range 10 mo-9years),and group B included 15 patients with a median age of 12 years(range 8 years-16 years).The lightest child in the study weighed 7.9 kg.The detection rates did not differ between the 2 groups.The median small bowel transit time was 401 min(range 264-734 min)in group A and 227 min(range 56-512 min)in group B(P=0.0078).No serious complications,including capsule retention,occurred.No significant mucosal trauma occurred in the pharynx,esophagus,stomach or duodenum when the capsule was introduced using an endoscope.CONCLUSION:CE is a safe and useful procedure for infants and young children who are unable to swallow the capsule endoscope. | Manari Oikawa-Kawamoto Tsuyoshi Sogo Takeshi Yamaguchi Tomoyuki Tsunoda Takeo Kondo Haruki Komatsu Ayano Inui Tomoo Fujisawa | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，45： | 7 |
| 15 | A CIN-like TCP transcription factor(LsTCP4)having retrotransposon insertion associates with a shift from Salinas type to Empire type in crisphead lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.)显示文摘To improve several agronomic traits in crisphead lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.)under high-temperature growth conditions,we investigated the correlation among those traits in multiple cultivars and performed genetic mapping of their causal genes.In a field cultivation test of Empire type(serrated leaf)and Salinas type(wavy leaf)cultivars,Empire type cultivars showed increased tipburn susceptibility and late bolting compared with Salinas type cultivars.We attempted genetic mapping of leaf shape and bolting time by ddRAD-seq using the F2 population derived from a cross between‘VI185’(Empire type)and‘ShinanoGreen’(Salinas type).These analyses suggested that both traits are controlled by a single locus in LG5.Genotyping of 51 commercial lettuce cultivars with a tightly linked marker(LG5_v8_252.743Mbp)at this locus showed an association between its genotype and the serrated leaf phenotype.By further fine mapping and transcriptome analysis,a gene encoding putative CIN-like TCP transcription factor was determined to be a candidate gene at this locus and was designated as LsTCP4.An insertion of retrotransposable element was found in the allele of‘VI185’,and its transcript level in the leaves was lower than that in‘ShinanoGreen’.Because shapes of leaf epidermal cells in‘VI185’were similar to those in the TCP family mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana,the leaf shape phenotype was likely caused by reduced expression of LsTCP4.Furthermore,because it is known that the TCP family protein also controls flowering time via interaction with FT in A.thaliana,it was highly possible that LsTCP4 gave pleiotropic effects on both leaf shape and bolting time in lettuce. | Kousuke Seki Kenji Komatsu Keisuke Tanaka Masahiro Hiraga Hiromi Kajiya-Kanegae Hideo Matsumura Yuichi Uno | 2020 | Horticulture Research2020，7，1： | 7 |
| 16 | Effects of slope gradient on runoff from bare-fallow purple soil in China under natural rainfall conditions显示文摘Purple soil is highly susceptible for overland flow and surface erosion, therefore understanding surface runoff and soil erosion processes in the purple soil region are important to mitigate flooding and erosion hazards. Slope angle is an important parameter that affects the magnitude of runoff and thus surface erosion in hilly landscapes or bare land area. However, the effect of slope on runoff generation remains unclear in many different soils including Chinese purple soil. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between different slope gradients and surface runoff for bare-fallow purple soil, using 5 m × 1.5 m experimental plots under natural rainfall conditions. Four experimental plots(10°, 16°, 20° and 26°) were established in theYanting Agro-ecological Experimental Station of Chinese Academy of Science in central Sichuan Basin. The plot was equipped with water storage tank to monitor water level change. Field monitoring from July 1 to October 31, 2012 observed 42 rainfall events which produced surface runoff from the experimental plots. These water level changes were converted to runoff. The representative eight rainfall events were selected for further analysis, the relationship between slope and runoff coefficient were determined using ANOVA, F-test, and z-score analysis. The results indicated a strong correlation between rainfall and runoff in cumulative amount basis. The mean value of the measured runoff coefficient for four experimental plots was around 0.1. However, no statistically significant relationship was found between slope and runoff coefficient. We reviewed the relationship between slope and runoff in many previous studiesand calculated z-score to compare with our experimental results. The results of z-score analysis indicated that both positive and negative effects of slope on runoff coefficient were obtained, however a moderate gradient(16°-20° in this study) could be a threshold of runoff generation for many different soils including the Chinese purple soil. | KOMATSU Yoshitaka KATO Hiroaki ZHU Bo WANG Tao YANG Fan RAKWAL Randeep ONDA Yuichi | 2018 | Journal of Mountain Science2018，15，4： | 7 |
| 17 | Clinicopathological characteristics of clinical early gastric cancer in the upper-third stomach显示文摘AIM: To elucidate the clinicopathological characteristics of clinically early gastric cancer in the upper-third stomach and to clarify treatment precautions.METHODS: A total of 683 patients with clinical early gastric cancer were enrolled in this retrospective study, 128 of whom had gastric cancer in the upper-third stomach(U group). All patients underwent a double contrast barium examination, endoscopy, and computed tomography(CT), and were diagnosed preoperatively based on the findings obtained. The clinicopathological features of these patients were compared with those of patients with gastric cancer in the middle- and lower-third stomach(ML group). We also compared clinicopathological factors between accurate-diagnosis and under-diagnosis groups in order to identify factors affecting the accuracy of a preoperative diagnosis of tumor depth.RESULTS: Patients in the U group were older(P = 0.029), had a higher ratio of males to females(P = 0.015), and had more histologically differentiated tumors(P = 0.007) than patients in the ML group. A clinical under-diagnosis occurred in 57 out of 683 patients(8.3%), and was more frequent in the U group than in the ML group(16.4% vs 6.3%, P < 0.0001). Therefore, the rates of lymph node metastasis and lymphatic invasion were slightly higher in the U group than in the ML group(P = 0.071 and 0.082, respectively). An under-diagnosis was more frequent in histologically undifferentiated tumors(P = 0.094) and in those larger than 4 cm(P = 0.024). The medianfollow-up period after surgery was 56 mo(range, 1-186 mo). Overall, survival and disease-specific survival rates were significantly lower in the U group than in the ML group(P = 0.016 and 0.020, respectively). However, limited operation-related cancer recurrence was not detected in the U group in the present study.CONCLUSION: Clinical early gastric cancer in the upper-third stomach has distinguishable characteristics that increase the risk of a clinical under-diagnosis, especially in patients with larger or undifferentiated tumors. | Daisuke Ichikawa Shuhei Komatsu Toshiyuki Kosuga Hirotaka Konishi Kazuma Okamoto Atsushi Shiozaki Hitoshi Fujiwara Eigo Otsuji | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，45： | 6 |
| 18 | Atg5 regulates late endosome and lysosome biogenesis显示文摘Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved lysosome-based degradation process.Atg5 plays a very important role in autophagosome formation.Here we show that Atg5 is required for biogenesis of late endosomes and lysosomes in an autophagy-independent manner.In Atg5 cells,but not in other essential autophagy genes defecting cells,recycling and retrieval of late endosomal components from hybrid organelles are impaired,causing persistent hybrid organelles and defective formation of late endosomes and lysosomes.Defective retrieval of late endosomal components from hybrid organelles resulting from impaired recruitment of a component of V1-ATPase to acidic organelles blocks the pH-dependent retrieval of late endosomal components from hybrid organelles.Lowering the intracellular pH restores late endosome/lysosome biogenesis in Atg5 cells.Our data demonstrate an unexpected role of Atg5 and shed new light on late endosome and lysosome biogenesis. | PENG JunYa ZHANG Ran CUI YiTong LIU HaoDong ZHAO XiaoXin HUANG Lei HU MingXu YUAN XiaoXi MA BenYu MA XiaoWei TAKASHI Ueno MASAAKI Komatsu LIANG XingJie YU Li | 2014 | Science China(Life Sciences)2014，57，1： | 6 |
| 19 | Serum autotaxin levels are correlated with hepatic fibrosis and ballooning in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease显示文摘AIM To examine the relationship between serum autotaxin(ATX) concentrations and clinicopathological findings in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) patients.METHODS One hundred eighty-six NAFLD patients who had undergone liver biopsy between 2008 and 2017 were retrospectively enrolled.Serum samples were collected at the time of biopsy and ATX was measured by enzyme immunoassays.Sera obtained from 160 healthy,nonobese individuals were used as controls.Histological findings were graded according to an NAFLD scoring system and correlations with serum ATX were calculated by Spearman's test.Diagnostic accuracy was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC).Cut-off values were identified by the Youden index,and the nearest clinically applicable value to the cutoff was considered the optimal threshold for clinical convenience.RESULTS Serum ATX levels were significantly higher in NAFLD patients than in controls(0.86 mg/L vs 0.76 mg/L,P < 0.001) and correlated significantly with ballooning score and fibrosis stage(r = 0.36,P < 0.001 and r = 0.45,P < 0.001,respectively).Such tendencies were stronger in female patients.There were no remarkable relationships between ATX and serum alanine aminotransferase,lipid profiles,or steatosis scores.The AUC values of ATX for predicting the presence of fibrosis(≥ F1),significant fibrosis(≥ F2),severe fibrosis(≥ F3),and cirrhosis(F4),were all more than 0.70 in respective analyses.CONCLUSION Serum ATX levels may at least partially reflect histological severity in NAFLD. | Naoyuki Fujimori Takeji Umemura Takefumi Kimura Naoki Tanaka Ayumi Sugiura Tomoo Yamazaki Satoru Joshita Michiharu Komatsu Yoko Usami Kenji Sano Koji Igarashi Akihiro Matsumoto Eiji Tanaka | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，11： | 6 |
| 20 | Reimagining Modern Education: Contributions from Modern Japanese Philosophy and Practice?显示文摘Purpose:Amidst ongoing attempts to think beyondWestern frameworks for education,there is a tendency to overlook Japan,perhaps because it appears highly modern.This is striking given that some prominent strands of Japanese philosophy have formulated an explicit and exacting challenge to the core onto-epistemic premises of modern Western thought.It is also surprising because Japanese educational practices have resulted in some of the highest achievement outcomes—both cognitive and noncognitive—found anywhere in the world and inculcate a worldview that is distinct.Design/Approach/Methods:Herein,we thus attempt to make visible the potential contribution of modern Japanese philosophy by outlining some of the core ideas,then turn to sketch resonances with and responses to other projects outlined in this Special Issue.Our approach is elucidation through relational comparison.Findings:Through this process,we suggest that the notion of self-negation as a mode of learning may be helpful in explaining why—at the empirical level—the outlook of Japanese students,and perhaps other East Asian students,diverge markedly from their Western peers.Yet we also find that an attempt,such as ours,to link divergent onto-epistemic thought to alternative empirical hypotheses quickly gives rise to various doubts and discomforts,even among otherwise sympathetic scholars.Originality/Value:In directly responding to these doubts,one original contribution of our piece is to show just how difficult it may ultimately be to divest from the symbolic foundations already laid by Western liberalism:Even if divergent thought can be imagined and different cultural narratives explored,dominant readings of empirical“realities”continue to be entrapped in the logic laid by Western liberalism. | Hikaru Komatsu Jeremy Rappleye | 2020 | ECNU Review of Education2020，3，1： | 6 |
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