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| 1 | Hand Foot and Mouth Disease Due to Enterovirus 71 in Malaysia显示文摘Hand foot and mouth disease is a febrile sickness complex characterized by cutaneous eruption (exanthem) on the palms and soles with simultaneous occurrence of muco-cutanous vesiculo-ulcerative lesions (enanthem) affecting the mouth. The illness is caused by a number of enteroviruses with coxsackievirus A16 and enterovirus 71 as the main causative agents. Human enterovirus 71 (EV71) belongs to the species Human enterovirus A under the genus Enterovirus within the family Picornaviridae. EV71 has been associated with an array of clinical diseases including hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD), aseptic meningitis, encephalitis and poliomyelitis-like acute flaccid paralysis. A large outbreak of HFMD due to highly neurovirulent EV71 emerged in Malaysia in 1997, and caused 41 deaths amongst young children. In late 2000, a recurrence of an outbreak of HFMD occurred in Malaysia with 8 fatalities in peninsular Malaysia. Outbreak of HFMD due to EV71 recurred in 2003 with an unknown number of cases and mortalities. A similar outbreak of HFMD with 2 recorded deaths in young children occurred in peninsular Malaysia in late 2005 and this was followed by a larger outbreak in Sarawak (Malaysian Borneo) with 6 reported fatalities in the early part of 2006. The current on-going outbreak of HFMD started in peninsular Malaysia in epidemiological week 12 of 2010. As with other HFMD outbreaks in Malaysia, both EV71 and CA16 were the main aetiological viruses isolated. In similarity with the HFMD outbreak in 2005, the isolation of CA16 preceded the appearance of EV71. Based on the VP1 gene nucleotide sequences, 4 sub-genogroups of EV71 (C1, C2, B3 and B4) co-circulated and caused the outbreak of hand, foot and mouth disease in peninsular Malaysia in 1997. Two sub-genogroups (C1 and B4) were noted to cause the outbreak in 2000 in both peninsular Malaysia and Sarawak. EV71 of sub-genogroup B5 with smaller contribution from sub-genogroup C1 caused the outbreak in 2003. In the 2005 outbreak, besides the EV71 strains of sub-genogroup C1, EV71 strains belonging to sub-genogroup B5 were isolated but formed a cluster which was distinct from the EV71 strains from the sub-genogroup B5 isolated in 2003. The four EV71 strains isolated from clinical specimens of patients with hand, foot and mouth disease in the Sarawak outbreak in early 2006 also belonged to sub-genogroup B5. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP1 gene suggests that the EV71 strains causing the outbreak in Sarawak could have originated from peninsular Malaysia. Epidemiological and molecular data since 1997 show the recurrence of HFMD due to EV71 in Malaysia every 2 to 4 years. In each of the past outbreaks, more than one sub-genogroup of the virus co-circulate. | Kaw Bing Chua Abdul Rasid Kasri | 2011 | Virologica Sinica2011，26，4： | 71 |
| 2 | Inhibition of mutagenic PhlP formation by epigallocatechin gallate via scavenging of phenylacetaldehyde显示文摘 | CHENG Kawing WONG Chichun CHAO Jianfei | 2009 | Molecular Nutrition & Food Research2009，53，6： | 1 |
| 3 | Fine-needle aspiration cytology of mucinous tumors of the pancreas显示文摘 | Recine M Kaw M Evans DB | 2004 | Cancer2004，102，2： | 1 |
| 4 | Frequency and impact of pulmonary hypertension in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome显示文摘 | Minai OA Ricaurte B Kaw R | 2009 | Am J Cardiol2009，104，9： | 1 |
| 5 | FRCP,biliary crystal analysis, and sphincter of Oddi manometry in idiopathiC recurrent pancreatitis显示文摘 | Kaw M Brodmerkel GJ | 2002 | Gastrointest Endosc2002，，55： | 1 |
| 6 | Management of gallstone pancreatitis: cholecystectomy or ERCP and endoscopic sphincterotomy 显示文摘 | Kaw M Al-Antably Y Kaw P | 2002 | Gastrointest Endosc2002，56，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Parvalbumin – the major tropical fish allergen显示文摘 | Dawn Li‐ChernLim Keng HweeNeo Fong ChengYi Kaw YanChua Denise Li‐MengGoh Lynette Pei‐ChiShek Yoke ChinGiam Hugo PSVan Bever Bee WahLee | 2008 | Pediatric Allergy and Immunology2008，，5： | 1 |
| 8 | Mechanics of multiple periodic brittle matrix cracks in unidirectional fiber-reinforced composites 显示文摘 | Kaw A K Besterfield G H | 1992 | Int J Solid Strut1992，29，10： | 1 |
| 9 | Genetic analysis of amylase content,gelatinization temperature and consistency in rice显示文摘 | Kaw R N Dela Cruz N M | 1990 | Journal of Genetics and Breeding1990，44，： | 1 |
| 10 | Transferred charge in the active layer and EL device characteristics of TFEL cells显示文摘 | Kaw akami H Fuyama M | 1987 | Jpn J Appl Phys1987，26，9： | 1 |
| 11 | In vitro and in vivo enhancement of sonodynamically active cavition by second-harmonicsuperimposition显示文摘 | Umemura S Kaw abata K Sasaki K | 1997 | JAcoustSoc Am1997，101，1： | 1 |
| 12 | Bilirubin from hemeoxygenasel attenuates vascular endothelial activation and dysfunction显示文摘 | Kaw A Ish IA Wada Y | 2005 | Thromb Vasc Biol2005，25，： | 1 |
| 13 | Overexpreession of lymphangiogenic growth factor VEGF-C in human pancreatic Cancer显示文摘 | Tang RF Itakura J A Kaw aT | 2001 | Pancreas2001，22，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Commonly missed diagnoses in the childhood eye examination 显示文摘 | Kaw P | 2001 | Am Fam Physician2001，64，4： | 1 |
| 15 | Decreased osteoclastogenesis and high bone mass in mice with impaired insulin clearance due to liver - specific inactivation to CEACAM1 显示文摘 | Huang S Kaw M Harris MT | 2010 | Bone2010，4，： | 1 |
| 16 | Management of gallstone panere atitis:cho lecystectomyor ERCP and endoscopic sphinctero tomy显示文摘 | Kaw M Antably Y Kaw P | 2002 | Gastrointest Endosc2002，56，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Frequency and impact ofpulmonary hypertension in patients with obstructive sleep apneasyndrome显示文摘 | Minai OA Ricaurte B Kaw R | 2009 | Am J Cardiol2009，104，9： | 1 |
| 18 | Interrelations amonn Physicochemical main quality characters in rice显示文摘 | Kaw RN De La Cruz NM | 1990 | J Genet & Breed1990，44，： | 1 |
| 19 | Trace element characteristics of grey- wackes and tectonic setting discrimination of sedimentary basins 显示文摘 | Bhatia M R and Crook KAW | 1986 | Contribution Mineral Petrology1986，92，： | 1 |
| 20 | No-reflow phenomenon and lesion morphology in patients with acute myocardial infarction显示文摘 | T&n&k& A Kaw&r&b&yashi T Nishibori Y | 2002 | Oircul&tion2002，105，18： | 1 |
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