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| 1 | Patient dose considerations in computed tomography examinations显示文摘Ionizing radiation is extensively used in medicine and its contribution to both diagnosis and therapy is undisputable.However,the use of ionizing radiation also involves a certain risk since it may cause damage to tissues and organs and trigger carcinogenesis.Computed tomography(CT) is currently one of the major contributors to the collective population radiation dose both because it is a relatively high dose examination and an increasing number of people are subjected to CT examinations many times during their lifetime.The evolution of CT scanner technology has greatly increased the clinical applications of CT and its availability throughout the world and made it a routine rather than a specialized examination.With the modern multislice CT scanners,fast volume scanning of the whole human body within less than 1 min is now feasible.Two dimensional images of superb quality can be reconstructed in every possible plane with respect to the patient axis(e.g.axial,sagital and coronal).Furthermore,three-dimensional images of all anatomic structures and organs can be produced with only minimal additional effort(e.g.skeleton,tracheobronchial tree,gastrointestinal system and cardiovascular system).All these applications,which are diagnostically valuable,also involve a significant radiation risk.Therefore,all medical professionals involved with CT,either as referring or examining medical doctors must be aware of the risks involved before they decide to prescribe or perform CT examinations.Ultimately,the final decision concerning justification for a prescribed CT examination lies upon the radiologist.In this paper,we summarize the basic information concerning the detrimental effects of ionizing radiation,as well as the CT dosimetry background.Furthermore,after a brief summary of the evolution of CT scanning,the current CT scanner technology and its special features with respect to patient doses are given in detail.Some numerical data is also given in order to comprehend the magnitude of the potential radiation risk involved in comparison with risk from exposure to natural background radiation levels. | Ioannis A Tsalafoutas Georgios V Koukourakis | 2010 | World Journal of Radiology2010，2，7： | 4 |
| 2 | Lymphoepithelial cysts and cystic lymphangiomas: Underrecognized benign cystic lesions of the pancreas显示文摘AIM: To identify their diagnostic and prognostic clinical characteristics in a large series.METHODS: Retrospective review of clinicopathologic and imaging characteristics of patients diagnosed with lymphoepithelial cysts and cystic lymphangiomas of the pancreas at Massachusetts General Hospital.RESULTS: Twelve patients were identified between 1/1/1997 and 8/1/2007. Their median age was 55.5 years(range 19-78 years), and 6 were females. The le-sion was incidentally discovered in half of the patients.Contrast enhanced computed tomography demonstrat-ed that the cysts had thin walls, without calcifications, pancreatic duct dilation or pancreatic parenchyma inva-sion. Endoscopic ultrasound with fine needle aspiration(EUS/FNA) confirmed the diagnosis of a lymphoepithe-lial cyst in 3 patients, one of whom was spared an op-eration and continues to do well after 6 years. Eleven patients had a resection: 3 pancreaticoduodenecto-mies, 7 distal pancreatectomies, and 1 enucleation. The median size of the cysts was 3 cm(range 2-20 cm). At a median follow-up of 57 mo no recurrences or other pancreas-related conditions occurred.CONCLUSION: Lymphoepithelial cysts and cystic lymphangiomas of the pancreas can be diagnosed with a combination of contrast-enhanced computed tomog-raphy scans and EUS/FNA. If the lesion is asymptom-atic, an operation might be avoided. | Ioannis T Konstantinidis Avinash Kambadakone Onofrio A Catalano Dushyant V Sahani Vikram Deshpe David G Forcione Jennifer A Wargo Carlos Fernandez-del Castillo Keith D Lillemoe Andrew L Warshaw Cristina R Ferrone | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2014，6，7： | 2 |
| 3 | Complications of abdominal urologic laparoscopy:longitudinal five-year analysis显示文摘 | KELLOGG J P IOANNIS V A KOON H R | 2004 | Urology2004，63，1： | 1 |
| 4 | Dielectric and magnetic properties of new rare-earth substituted Ba-hexaferrites in the 2-18 GHz frequency range显示文摘 | Charalampos A Stergiou Ioannis Manolakis Traianos V Yioultsis | 2010 | J Magn Magn Mater2010，322，： | 1 |
| 5 | Systematic design of adap- tive controllers for feedback linearizable systems 显示文摘 | IOANNIS K PETAR V K MORSE A S | 1991 | IEEE Transac- tions on Automatic Control1991，36，11： | 1 |
| 6 | Dielectric and magnetic properties of new rare-earth substituted Ba-hexaferrites in the 2-18 GHz frequency range显示文摘 | Charalampos A S Ioannis M Traianos V Y | 2010 | Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials2010，322，： | 1 |
| 7 | Complications of abdominal urologic laparoscopy: longitudinal five - year analysis 显示文摘 | KELLOGG J P IOANNIS V A KOON H R | 2004 | Uro12004，63，： | 1 |
| 8 | Simvastatin:two decades in a circle显示文摘 | Kolovou GD Katerina A Ioannis V | 2008 | Cardiovasc Ther2008，26，2： | 1 |
| 9 | System atic design of adaptive controllers for feedback linearizable systems 显示文摘 | Ioannis Kanellakopoulos Petar V Kokotovic A Stephen Morse | 1991 | IEEE Trans on Automatic Control1991，36，11： | 1 |
| 10 | Systematic design of adaptive controllers for feedback llnearizable systems 显示文摘 | Ioannis Kanellakopoulos Petar V Kokotovic A Stephen Morse | 1991 | IEEE Trans on Automatic Control1991，36，11： | 1 |
| 11 | Complications of abdominal urologic Japaroscopy:Iongitudinal five-years analysis显示文摘 | Kellogg J P Ioannis V A Koon H R | 2004 | Urol2004，63，1： | 1 |
| 12 | Biological hydrogen production in suspended and attached growth anaerobic reactor systems显示文摘 | Hariklia N G Ioannis V S Birgitte K A | 2006 | Int J of Hydrogen Energy2006，31，： | 1 |
| 13 | Systematic Design of Adaptive Controllers for Feedback Linearizable Systems显示文摘 | Ioannis K Petar V Kokotovic A | 1991 | IEEE Trans on Automatic Control1991，36，11： | 1 |
| 14 | Comprehensive risk assessment for rail transportation of dangerous goods: a validated platform for decision support显示文摘 | Gheorghe A V Birchmeier J dan Vamanu Ioannis Papazoglou | 2005 | Reliability Engineering & System Safety2005，88，3： | 1 |
| 15 | Multinodular disease:a high-resolution CT scan diagnostic algorithm显示文摘 | Suhail R Alexey A Ioannis V | 2006 | Chest2006，129，： | 1 |
| 16 | Systematic design of adaptive controllers for feedback linearizable systems 显示文摘 | IOANNIS K PETAR V KOKOTOVIC A | 1991 | IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control1991，36，11： | 1 |
| 17 | Design and analysis of a solar reactor for anaerobic wastewater treatment显示文摘 | Andreas Ch Yiannopoulos a Ioannis D Manariotis b Constantinos V Chrysikopoulos b | 2008 | Bioresource Technology2008，，99： | 1 |
| 18 | Simvastatin:two decades in a circle显示文摘 | Kolovou GD Katerina A Ioannis V | 2008 | Cardiovasc Ther2008，26，2： | 1 |
| 19 | Design and analysis of a so- lar reactor for anaerobic wastewater treatment 显示文摘 | Andreas Ch Yiannopoulos a Ioannis D Manariotisb Con- stantinos V Chrysikopoulosb | 2008 | Biore- source Technology2008，，99： | 1 |
| 20 | Simvastatin: two decades in a circle显示文摘 | Kolovou GD Katerina A Ioannis V | 2008 | Cardiovasc Ther2008，26，2： | 1 |
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