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| 1 | A smart safe rechargeable zinc ion battery based on sol-gel transition electrolytes显示文摘Thermal runaway has been a long-standing safety issue impeding the development of high-energydensity batteries. Physical safety designs such as employing circuit-breakers and fuses to batteries are limited by small operating voltage windows and no resumption of original working condition when it is cooled down. Here we report a smart thermoresponsive polymer electrolyte that can be incorporated inside batteries to prevent thermal runaway via a fast and reversible sol-gel transition, and successfully combine this smart electrolyte with a rechargeable Zn/a-MnO_2 battery system. At high temperature, battery operation is inhibited as a result of the increased internal resistance caused by the gelation of liquid electrolyte. After cooling down, the electrolyte is spontaneously reversed to sol state and the electrochemical performance of the battery is restored. More importantly, sol-gel transition enables the smart battery to experience different charge-discharge rates under various temperature levels, providing a smart and active strategy to achieve dynamic and reversible self-protection. | Funian Mo Hongfei Li Zengxia Pei Guojin Liang Longtao Ma Qi Yang Donghong Wang Yan Huang Chunyi Zhi | 2018 | Science Bulletin2018,63,16: | 13 |
| 2 | Commissioning progress of the FAST显示文摘The Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST) was completed with its main structure installed on September 25, 2016, after which it entered the commissioning phase. This paper aims to introduce the commissioning progress of the FAST over the past two years. To improve its operational reliability and ensure effective observation time, FAST has been equipped with a real-time information system for the active reflector system and hierarchical commissioning scheme for the feed support system, which ultimately achieves safe operation of the two systems. For meeting the high-performance indices, a highprecision measurement system was set up based on the effective control methods that were implemented for the active reflector system and feed support system. Since the commissioning of the FAST, a low-frequency ultra-wideband receiver and 19-beam1.05-1.45 GHz receiver have been mainly used. Telescope efficiency, pointing accuracy, and system noise temperature were completely tested and ultimately achieved the acceptance indices of the telescope. The FAST has been in the process of national acceptance preparations and has begun to search for pulsars. In the future, it will still strive to improve its capabilities and expand its application prospects. | Peng Jiang YouLing Yue HengQian Gan Rui Yao Hui Li GaoFeng Pan JingHai Sun DongJun Yu HongFei Liu NingYu Tang Lei Qian JiGuang Lu Jun Yan Bo Peng ShuXin Zhang QiMing Wang Qi Li Di Li | 2019 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2019,62,5: | 11 |
| 3 | Convolutional neural networks for expert recommendation in community question answering显示文摘Community Question Answering(CQA) is becoming an increasingly important web service for people to search for expertise and to share their own. With lots of questions being solved, CQA have built a massive, freely accessible knowledge repository, which can provide valuable information for the broader society rather than just satisfy the question askers. It is critically important for CQA services to get high quality answers in order to maximize the benefit of this process. However, people are considered as experts only in their own specialized areas. This paper is concerned with the problem of expert recommendation for a newly posed question, which will reduce the questioner's waiting time and improve the quality of the answer, so as to improve the satisfaction of the whole community. We propose an approach based on convolutional neural networks(CNN) to resolve this issue. Experimental analysis over a large real-world dataset from Stack Overflow demonstrates that our approach achieves a significant improvement over several baseline methods. | Jian WANG Jiqing SUN Hongfei LIN Hualei DONG Shaowu ZHANG | 2017 | Science China(Information Sciences)2017,60,11: | 11 |
| 4 | Pb isotopic geochemical study on the crustal structure of Tongbaishan显示文摘Pb isotopic composition of the Tongbai complex, distributed in the Tongbaishan to the west of the Dabieshan, ranges between the Dabie core complex and the Dabie ultral-high pressure (UHP) metamorphic complex, the latter having more radiogenic Pb isotopic composition than the former. Granites from the Jigongshan pluton, which intruded mainly into the Tongbai complex, are distinct from the Tongbai complex but similar to the Dabie core complex in Pb isotopic composition, showing that the magma of the Jigongshan granites was derived from the partial melting of the Dabie core complex. According to Pb isotopic compositional variation model in the vertical crustal section and magma source from the Jigongshan pluton, it is suggested that the Tongbai complex was an upper rock serial of the Dabie core complex, which is beneath the Dabie UHP metamorphic complex in the crustal structure of the Tongbai-Dabie orogenic belt. The Tongbai complex was not well preserved in the Dabie area due to the high exhumed crustal section. However, the crustal section in the Tongbai area was exhumed less than that in the Dabie area, and the deep crust in the Tongbai area still contains the basement composition similar to the Dabie core complex. Therefore, the crustal basements from the Dabie to Tongbai areas are united. The present distribution of the basement blocks in different locations of the Tongbai-Dabie orogenic belt reflects different exposure of the crustal section. | ZHANG Hongfei, ZHANG Benren, ZHONG Zenqiu, SOU Shutian, ZHANG Haizu and WANG Linsen(China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China) | 2003 | Progress in Natural Science:Materials International2003,13,1: | 10 |
| 5 | Timing of hydrothermal activity associated with the Douzhashan uranium-bearing granite and its significance for uranium mineralization in northeastern Guangxi, China显示文摘The Miaoershan uranium(U)ore field in northeastern Guangxi is one of the important granite-related U deposits in south China and is closely related to the Douzhashan U-bearing granite.The Douzhashan granite contains primary U-rich accessory minerals,including monazite(UO2=0.98-1.75 wt%)and xenotime(UO2=1.48-6.14 wt%).Primary monazite and xenotime yield chemical ages of 231±28 Ma and 230±38 Ma by electron microprobe analysis and U-Pb isotopic ages of 220±6 Ma and 211±7 Ma by laser ablation-inductively coupled-mass spectrometry respectively.These ages demonstrate that the Douzhashan granite formed during the period of Indosinian magmatic activity.Back scattered electron imaging shows that monazite and xenotime are commonly altered to assemblages of low-U synchisite and apatite,which was associated with loss of U to hydrothermal fluids.U-Th-Pb analyses of secondary apatite yielded a chemical age of 136±17 Ma,which corresponds to the timing of Cretaceous-Tertiary crustal extension in south China.We suggest that the heat and CO2required for mineralization was the result of Yanshanian crustal extension,and that this triggered the breakdown of U-rich accessory minerals in the Douzhashan U-bearing granite.Uranium remobilization from the Douzhashan granite provided materials for mineralization within the granite and/or surrounding country rocks.Therefore,a combination of Indosinian compression and Yanshanian extensional overprint produced the hydrothermal U deposits associated with the Douzhashan granite. | HU Huan WANG RuCheng CHEN WeiFeng CHEN PeiRong LING HongFei LIU GuoNing | 2013 | Chinese Science Bulletin2013,58,34: | 10 |
| 6 | The thermal history of the miarolitic granite at Xincun, Fujian Province, China显示文摘The thermal history of the late Mesozoic miarolitic granite has been studied based on zircon U-Pb dating, whole rock Rb-Sr dating and K-Ar dating of muscovite, biotite and K-feldspar from the same rock sample. From the beginning of zircon crystallization to the closure of K-Ar system of biotite, the granite body had a slow cooling rate (11.0℃/Ma) and an ascending rate (0.07 mm/a). From the end of this stage to the closure of K-Ar system of K-feldspar, the granite body increased its cooling rate (45℃/Ma) and ascending rate (0.36 mm/a). The thermal history of the Xincun granite with a slow cooling rate at the early stage and a fast cooling rate at the late stage may have been related to the fact that the Fujian coastal area had very high geothermal gradient in the late Mesozoic and evident decrease in geothermal gradient in the early Cenozoic. | SHEN Weizhou LING Hongfei LI Huimin LI Wuxian WANG Dezi | 2000 | Chinese Science Bulletin2000,45,21: | 9 |
| 7 | Discovery of ~4.0 Ga detrital zircons in the Changdu Block,North Qiangtang,Tibetan Plateau显示文摘在 situ 锆石由 LA-ICP-MS 和 MC-ICP-MS 标明日期使用, 3981 的由岩屑形成的锆石 ??? 鮼铧?? ? 裦蒚铩 ????? 偃 ?? 鮼 ?? 郥趽 ????腘 吗?? | ShiPing He RongShe Li Chao Wang HongFei Zhang WenHua Ji PuSheng Yu PingYang Gu Chao Shi | 2011 | Chinese Science Bulletin2011,56,7: | 9 |
| 8 | Surveillance of Noise Exposure Level in the Manufacturing Industry—China,2020显示文摘Introduction:Occupational noise exposure is a widespread issue in the manufacturing industry in China.Since 2019,the National Surveillance System for Occupational Hazards in the workplace was established to understand different occupational hazards,especially occupational noise,in workplaces in China.Methods:Both environmental and individual noise exposure levels were measured for 19,378 enterprises according to the Work Plan for Surveillance of Occupational Hazards in the Workplace(2020)issued by National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China.Median and interquartile range(IQR)were calculated to describe the distribution of the noise exposure level by industry classification,enterprise-scale,and ownership type of the enterprise.Results:Overall,25.14%of the individual noise exposure samples exceeded the Chinese national standard among the selected enterprises.The overall median of environmental noise exposure level was 82.8 dB(A)in selected enterprises,while the median of individual noise exposure level was 81.3 dB(A).The individual noise exposure level in the manufacture of metal products,manufacture of motor vehicles,minisized enterprises,collective enterprises and private enterprises was relatively high.Conclusion:Occupational noise is still one of the occupational hazards that cannot be ignored in the manufacturing industry,especially in mini-sized and private enterprises.The risk of noise exposure in the target industry is still high and will pose a threat to the health of workers. | Jinnan Zheng Siyu Zhang Hongfei Wang Yue Yu Weijiang Hu | 2021 | China CDC weekly2021,3,43: | 9 |
| 9 | Precipitation trends and variability from 1950 to 2000 in arid lands of Central Asia显示文摘Climate warming will cause differences in precipitation distribution and changes in hydrological cycle both at regional and global scales. Arid lands of Central Asia(ALCA), one of the largest arid regions at the middle latitudes in the world, is likely to be strongly influenced by climate warming. Understanding the precipitation variations in the past is an important prerequisite for predicting future precipitation trends and thus managing regional water resources in such an arid region. In this study, we used run theory, displacement, extreme deviation theory, precipitation concentration index(PCI), Mann-Kendall rank correlation and climatic trend coefficient methods to analyze the precipitation in wet and dry years, changes in precipitation over multiple-time scales, variability of precipitation and its rate of change based on the monthly precipitation data during 1950–2000 from 344 meteorological stations in the ALCA. The occurrence probability of a single year with abundant precipitation was higher than that of a single year with less precipitation. The average duration of extreme drought in the entire area was 5 years, with an average annual water deficit of 34.6 mm(accounting for 11.2% of the average annual precipitation over the duration). The occurrence probability of a single wet year was slightly higher than that of a single dry year. The occurrence probability of more than 5 consecutive wet years was 5.8%, while the occurrence probability of more than 5 consecutive dry years was 6.2%. In the center of the study area, the distribution of precipitation was stable at an intra-annual timescale, with small changes at an inter-annual timescale. In the western part of the study area, the monthly variation of precipitation was high at an inter-annual timescale. There were clear seasonal changes in precipitation(PCI=12–36) in the ALCA. Precipitation in spring and winter accounted for 37.7% and 24.4% of the annual precipitation, respectively. There was a significant inter-annual change in precipitation in the arid Northwest China(PCI=24–34). Annual precipitation increased significantly(P=0.05) in 17.4% of all the meteorological stations over the study period. The probability of an increase in annual precipitation was 75.6%, with this increase being significant(P=0.05) at 34.0% of all the meteorological stations. The average increasing rate in annual precipitation was 3.9 mm/10a(P=0.01) in the ALCA. There were significant increasing trends(P=0.01) in precipitation in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, with rates of 2.6, 3.1 and 3.7 mm/10 a, respectively. | XU Ligang ZHOU Hongfei DU Li YAO Haijiao WANG Huaibo | 2015 | Journal of Arid Land2015,7,4: | 8 |
| 10 | Recent Progress of MXene-Based Nanomaterials in Flexible Energy Storage and Electronic Devices显示文摘The increasing demands for wearable electronics have stimulated the rapid development of flexible energy storage devices.MXenes are considered as promising flexible electrodes due to the ultrahigh volumetric specific capacitance,metallic conductivity,superior hydrophily,and rich surface chemistry. | Qi Yang Yukun Wang Xinliang Li Hongfei Li Zifeng Wang Zijie Tang Longtao Ma Funian Mo Chunyi Zhi | 2018 | Energy & Environmental Materials2018,1,4: | 8 |
| 11 | Anti-proton contamination design of the imaging energetic electron spectrometer based on Geant4 simulation显示文摘The measurement of energetic particles plays an important role in the space environment monitoring and space weather forecasting.The accuracy of the energetic electron measurement is seriously influenced by the proton contamination.An anti-proton contamination design for the sensor of imaging energetic electron spectrometer is introduced in this paper.According to the electron and proton spectrum on the typical satellite orbits calculated by the radiation belt models,the efficiency of the anti-proton contamination design is estimated by the Geant4 simulation and the design is optimized based on the simulation results. | LUO Lin ZOU Hong ZONG QiuGang WANG LingHua CHEN HongFei SHI WeiHong YU XiangQian | 2015 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2015,58,8: | 7 |
| 12 | Resveratrol induces AMPK and mTOR signaling inhibition-mediated autophagy and apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells显示文摘Resveratrol,a natural compound extracted from the skins of grapes,berries,or other fruits,has been shown to have anti-tumor effects against multiple myeloma(MM)via promoting apoptosis and inhibiting cell viability.In addition to apoptosis,autophagy also plays a significant role in anti-tumor effects.However,whether autophagy is involved in anti-MM activity of resveratrol remains unclear.In this study,human MM cell lines U266,RPMI-8226,and NCI-H929 were treated with resveratrol.Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and colony formation assay were used to measure cell viability.Western blot analysis was used to detect apoptosis-and autophagy-associated proteins.3-Methyladenine(3-MA)was applied to inhibit autophagy.Results showed that resveratrol inhibited cell viability and colony formation via promoting apoptosis and autophagy in MM cell lines U266,RPMI-8226,and NCI-H929.Resveratrol promoted apoptosis-related proteins,Caspase-3 activating poly-ADP-ribose polymerase and Caspase-3 cleavage,and decreased the protein level of Survivin in a dose-dependent manner.Additionally,resveratrol upregulated the levels of LC3 and Beclin1 in a dose-dependent way,indicating that autophagy might be implicated in anti-MM effect of resveratrol.Furthermore,3-MA relieved the cytotoxicity of resveratrol by blocking the autophagic flux.Resveratrol increased the phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate(AMP)-activated protein kinase and decreased the phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)and its downstream substrates p70S6K and 4EBP1 in a dose-dependent manner,leading to autophagy.Therefore,our results suggest that resveratrol exerts anti-MM effects through apoptosis and autophagy,which can be used as a new therapeutic strategy for MM in clinic. | Ruye Ma Dandan Yu Yu Peng Hongfei Yi Yingcong Wang Taofang Cheng Bingqing Shi Guang Yang Weiming Lai Xiaosong Wu Ye Lu Jumei Shi | 2021 | Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica2021,53,6: | 7 |
| 13 | Granulite Genesis and Tectonic Evolution in Tongbai Area:Single Zircon Evaporation Ages and Nd Isotopic Geochemistry显示文摘INTRODUCTIONTongbaiareainCentralChinaisanimportantregionforstudyinggenesisrelationbetweenQinlingorogenicbeltandDabieorogenicb... | Zhang Hongfei Gao Shan Zhang Li Zhong Zengqiu Ling Wenli Wang Linsen Faculty of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074 | 1998 | Journal of Earth Science1998,17,3: | 6 |
| 14 | Enhanced performance of GaN nanobelt-based photodetectors by means of piezotronic effects显示文摘轧紫外(紫外) 光电探测器(PD ) 在严厉环境由于他们的化学稳定性吸引了巨大的注意。尽管联系 Schottky 的基于陷阱的紫外 PD 比欧姆的接触的与更好的性能被实现了,在本地 Schottky 接触的障碍高度怎么控制传感器表演,仍然保持未知。在这个工作, piezotronic 效果被采用在本地接触调节 Schottky 障碍高度(SBH ) 并且因此提高组织的联系 Schottky 的 metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM ) 的表演轧了基于的 nanobelt (NB ) PD。一般来说,当在设备上使用紧张时, PD 的反应水平被 piezotronic 效果显然提高。PD 的 responsivity 被 18% 增加,并且敏感被提高由从 22% ~ 31% ,当与轻紧张从 12 ~ 2 W/cm2 由 325 nm 激光照亮了时。小心地用乐队结构图学习机制表明 PD 表演的观察改进从变化导致了外部紧张以及轻紧张引起的 SBH。使用 piezotronic 效果因此提供一个实际方法提高由做的 PD 的表演不仅轧,而且另外的 wurtzite 和锌闪锌矿家庭材料。 | Ruomeng Yu Caofeng Pan Youfan Hu Lin Li Hongfei Liu Wei Liu Soojin Chua Dongzhi Chi Zhong Lin Wang | 2013 | Nano Research2013,6,10: | 6 |
| 15 | CONSTITUTIVE EQUATION OF A NEW AVIATION LUBRICATING OIL显示文摘润滑油的新航空的拖拉在一个白手起家的测试钻塔上被测量。象 Erying 应力那样的油的神学的参数的精明的公式,限制砍强调有弹性的模量在高度的条件下面被获得并且砍砍在 elastohydrodynamic 润滑油(EHL ) 的种类率。这油的组成的方程被测试决定并且验证。当粘弹性的液体和理论价值与测量数据相当同意很好,实验的结果证明润滑油的新航空的行为表现,它暗示这油的组成的方程正确、可行。 | DENG Sier TENG Hongfei WANG Yanshuang LI Yunfeng YANG Boyuan | 2007 | Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering2007,20,5: | 6 |
| 16 | Betulinic acid induces apoptosis of gallbladder cancer cells via repressing SCD1显示文摘Gallbladder cancer(GBC)is the most common and aggressive malignancy of the biliary tract.Betulinic acid(BetA)has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and antitumor effects;however,the effect of BetA on GBC is still unknown.In this study,we investigated the effect of BetA on five GBC cell lines and found that BetA significantly inhibited the proliferation of NOZ cells but had lttle inhibitory effect on other GBC cells.BetA disturbed mitochondrial membrane potential and induced apoptosis in NOZ cells.Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1(SCD1)was highly expressed in NOZ cells but low expressed in other GBC cells.BetA inhibited SCD1 expression in a concentration-dependent manner in NOZ cells.Downregulation of SCD1 expression by RNA interference inhibited the proliferation of NOZ cells and induced cell apoptosis.Moreover,BetA inhibited the growth of xenografted tumors and suppressed SCD1 expression in nude mice.Thus,our results showed that BetA induced apoptosis through repressing SCD1 expression in GBC,suggesting that BetA might be an effective agent for the treatment of patients with GBC that highly expresses SCD1. | Hongfei Wang Fangxiao Dong Ye Wang Xu'an Wang Defei Hong Yingbin Liu Jian Zhou | 2020 | Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica2020,52,2: | 6 |
| 17 | Homogeneous bottom-growth of lithium metal anode enabled by double-gradient lithiophilic skeleton显示文摘Lithium(Li) metal is considered as the most promising anode material for the next-generation high performance Li batteries.However,the uncontrollable dendritic growth impedes its commercial application.Herein,we design a 3 D Si@carbon nanofibers(CNFs)@ZnO-ZnO-Cu skeleton(SCZ) for guiding the homogeneous bottom-growth of Li metal.The top LixSi@CNFs and bottom LiyZn@CNFs layers could form conductivity and overpotential gradient to avoid the 'top-growth' of Li metal.Moreover,the top lithiophilic LixSi@CNFs layer could regulate the nucleation and deposition of Li-ions even if the lithium dendrites grow out of the skeleton under high capacity Li deposition(30 mAh cm^(-2)).As a result,the SCZ-Li||LiFePO_(4) full cell delivers a high capacity of ~104 mAh g^(-1)(~94.82% capacity retention) after 2000 cycles at 5 C, elucidating the potential application of the 3 D double-gradient Li metal composite anode. | Li Zhang Hongfei Zheng Ben Liu Qingshui Xie Qiulin Chen Liang Lin Jie Lin Baihua Qu Laisen Wang Dong-Liang Peng | 2021 | Journal of Energy Chemistry2021,30,6: | 5 |
| 18 | Technological innovation paths toward green industry in China显示文摘With the environmental carrying capacity reaching its limits and the decreasing margin benefits of traditional production factors, the green transformation and green development through technological innovations has been a major direction for the future development of Chinese industries. However, the characteristics and heterogeneities of various types of industries call for different approaches regarding technological innovations. How to choose the most effective mode of technological innovation according to the characteristics of a certain industry has been a key issue. This paper measures the green total factor productivity of 32 industrial trades using the Slacks Based Measure(SBM)-DDF method. The effects of three innovation modes in the green transformation of industrial industry, including the independent innovation(Ⅱ), the technology introduction(TI), and the government support(GS), are empirically analyzed based on industry heterogeneity. Results indicate that the green total factor productivities of different industries show significant differences if taking into account the energy input and the undesirable output of pollutant emissions. The green total factor productivities of traditional high input,high pollution, and high energy consumption industrial trades were significantly lower than those with obvious green features. The year of 2009 is a leap year for the industrial green transformation in China. For resource-intensive industries, the II and the GS are the important ways to achieve green transformation. For labor-intensive industries, the TI is the best path to achieve green transformation, while for technology-intensive industries, the II is the primary driving force for the promotion of green developments. In addition, the innovation-compensating effect of the current Chinese environmental regulations to the resource-intensive industries has been revealed. Improving the overall scale and the industrial concentration of the industries is also beneficial for the green transformation of the industries. | Tong Zhang Hongfei Yue Jing Zhou Hao Wang | 2018 | Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment2018,16,2: | 5 |
| 19 | Controlled growth and photoconductive properties of hexagonal SnS2 nanoflakes with mesa-shaped atomic steps显示文摘We demonstrated the controlled growth of two-dimensional (2D) hexagonal tin disulfide (SnS2) nanoflakes with stacked monolayer atomic steps. The morphology was similar to flat-topped and step-sided mesa plateaus or step pyramids. The SnS2 nanoflakes were grown on mica substrates via an atmospheric-pressure chemical vapor deposition process using tin monosulfide and sulfur powder as precursors. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), electron microscopy, and Raman characterizations were performed to investigate the structural features, and a sequential layer-wise epitaxial growth mechanism was revealed. In addition, systematic Raman characterizations were performed on individual SnS2 nanoflakes with a wide range of thicknesses (1-100 nm), indicating that the A1g peak intensity and Raman shifts were closely related to the thickness of the SnS2 nanoflakes. Moreover, photoconductive AFM was performed on the monolayer-stepped SnS2 nanoflakes, revealing that the flat surface and the edges of the SnS2 atomic steps had different electrical conductive properties and photoconductive behaviors. This is ascribed to the dangling bonds and defects at the atomic step edges, which caused a height difference of the Schottky barriers formed at the interfaces between the PtIr-coated AFM tip and the step edges or the flat surface of the SnS2 nanoflakes. The 2D SnS2 crystals with regular monolayer atomic steps and fast photoresponsivity are promising for novel applications in photodetectors and integrated optoelectronic circuits. | Yi Hu Tao Chen Xiaoqi Wang Lianbo Ma Renpeng Chen Hongfei Zhu Xin Yuan Changzeng Yan Guoyin Zhu Hongling Lv Jia Liang Zhong Jin Jie Liu | 2017 | Nano Research2017,10,4: | 5 |
| 20 | Imaging energetic electron spectrometer onboard a Chinese navigation satellite in the inclined GEO orbit显示文摘The energetic electron measurement is one of the most important issues to understand dynamics in space physics and the applications for space weather. In this study, the principle and functional components of the imaging energetic electron spectrometer(IES) onboard a Chinese navigation satellite in the inclined GEO orbit(IGSO) was introduced. The IES instrument is developed by the team in Peking University(BeiDa), thus it is named as BD-IES. Based on the pin-hole technique, the instrument can measure 50–600 keV electrons incident from 9 directions over a range of 180° in polar angle. With pulse height analysis(PHA), the spectrum can be determined for each direction. The energy and angular calibrations were performed, which show the good energy and angular characteristics of BD-IES. Monte Carlo simulations show that the anti-proton design of BDIES can effectively decrease the proton contamination on the electron measurements in the inclined GEO orbit. The primary results of BD-IES verify the successful design of this instrument. | ZOU Hong YE YuGuang ZONG QiuGang CHEN HongFei ZOU JiQing CHEN Jiang SHI WeiHong YU XiangQian ZHONG WeiYing WANG YongFu ZHOU XuZhi HAO YiXin CHEN XingRan JIA XiangHong XU Feng SHAO SiPei WANG Bo HAO XiaoYun ZHANG XiaoXin | 2018 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2018,61,12: | 5 |