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13篇 您的检索式：作者名="Heil N"

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		题名	作者	年代	出处	被引量
	1	Endophytes versus biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens—are fungal lifestyles evolutionarily stable traits?显示文摘Endophytes infect living plant tissues without causing symptoms of disease.Indeed,many of them contribute to the resistance phenotype of their host.However,fungal endophytes are generally closely related to plant pathogens,fungi that either develop within living host tissue(biotrophic fungi)or that kill the host cells and then live in the dead tissue(necrotrophic fungi).We adopted a phylogenetic approach to investigate whether these strategies represent evolutionarily stable lifestyles and to elucidate their general phylogenetic relationships.We analysed 163 fungal strains for which we found information on the sequence of the 5.8S rRNA gene and the flanking internal transcribed spacer regions,the identity of the host plant and the concrete phenotypic outcome of the infection.A Maximum-Likelihood analysis combined with ancestral character mapping by maximum parsimony revealed that some fungal lineages had switched multiple times between a necrotrophic and an endophytic lifestyle.Ancestral character mapping indicated a minimum of four changes from an endophytic to a necrotrophic lifestyle,four changes in the opposite direction and eight changes among these lifestyles for which the direction could not be determined unambiguously.By contrast,biotrophs formed five clusters that did not contain necrotrophs or endophytes.Once biotrophy evolves there is apparently no regression to one of the other two lifestyles.We conclude that biotrophy usually represents a derived and evolutionarily stable trait,whereas fungi easily can switch between an endophytic and necrotrophic lifestyle at the evolutionary and even the ecological timescale.Future experimental studies should focus on the environmental or genetic changes that cause the rapid switches between these two phenotypically different lifestyles.	Luis Delaye Graciela García-Guzmán Martin Heil	2013	Fungal Diversity2013，，3：	1
	2	Sesquiterpene lactones and flavonones in Scalesia species 显示文摘	Spring O Heil N Vogler B	1997	Phytochemistry1997，46，8：	1
	3	Is mutated serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) involved in the etiology of neural tube defects? 显示文摘	Heil S G Van der Put N M Waas E T	2001	Mol Genet Metab2001，73，2：	1
	4	The application of multiwavelet filter banks to image processing显示文摘	Strela V Heller P N Strang G Topiwala P Heil C	1999	IEEE Trans Image Process1999，8，：	1
	5	The application of multiwavelet filterbanks to image processing显示文摘	Strela V Heller P N Strang G Topiwala E Heil C	1999	IEEE Trans Image Processing1999，8，4：	1
	6	Comprehensive Bench-and Pilot- Scale Investigation of Trace Organic Compounds Rejection by Forward Osmosis 显示文摘	Hancock N T Xu P Heil D M	2011	Environmental Science & Technology2011，45，19：	1
	7	查看详情显示文摘	Rossi C G Heil D M Bonumà N B		0，，：	1
	8	Preschooler' mental rotation of letters: Sex differences in hemispheric asymmetry 显示文摘	Hahn N Jansen P Heil M	2010	Cogn Neurosci2010，1，4：	1
	9	Cheosystematic studies on the genus scalesia (asteraceae)显示文摘	Spring O Heil N Eliasson U	1999	Biochemical Systematics and Ecology1999，27，：	1
	10	Preschoolers ' mental rotation : Sex differences in hemispheric asymmetry 显示文摘	Hahn N Jansen P Heil M	2010	J Cogn Neurosci2010，22，1：	1
	11	The application of multi-wavelet filter banks to image processing显示文摘	Holler P N Strang G Topiwala P Heil C	1999	IEEE Trans Image Processing1999，8，4：	1
	12	Second international GIS experience survey and database 显示文摘	CHEUNG C N HEIL F	2000	Electra2000，，189：	1
	13	Evaluation of the Langmuirmodel in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool for a high soilphosphorus condition 显示文摘	ROSSI C G HEIL D M BONUMA N B	2012	Environmental Modelling & Software2012，38，：	1

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