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| 1 | Urea transport and hydrolysis in the rumen: A review显示文摘Inefficient dietary nitrogen(N)conversion to microbial proteins,and the subsequent use by ruminants,is a major research focus across different fields.Excess bacterial ammonia(NH3)produced due to degradation or hydrolyses of N containing compounds,such as urea,leads to an inefficiency in a host’s ability to utilize nitrogen.Urea is a non-protein N containing compound used by ruminants as an ammonia source,obtained from feed and endogenous sources.It is hydrolyzed by ureases from rumen bacteria to produce NH_(3) which is used for microbial protein synthesis.However,lack of information exists regarding urea hydrolysis in ruminal bacteria,and how urea gets to hydrolysis sites.Therefore,this review describes research on sites of urea hydrolysis,urea transport routes towards these sites,the role and structure of urea transporters in rumen epithelium and bacteria,the composition of ruminal ureolytic bacteria,mechanisms behind urea hydrolysis by bacterial ureases,and factors influencing urea hydrolysis.This review explores the current knowledge on the structure and physiological role of urea transport and ureolytic bacteria,for the regulation of urea hydrolysis and recycling in ruminants.Lastly,underlying mechanisms of urea transportation in rumen bacteria and their physiological importance are currently unknown,and therefore future research should be directed to this subject. | Samson Hailemariam Shengguo Zhao Yue He Jiaqi Wang | 2021 | Animal Nutrition2021，，4： | 3 |
| 2 | Exclosures restored the density and root colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia显示文摘Introduction:Exclusion of grazing animals and tree plantations were among the methods used for the restoration of degraded lands in tropical semiarid areas.Exclosures can foster secondary forest succession by improving soil conditions and modifying microclimate for understory growth.This paper compared the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)spore density,root colonization of woody plants and soil chemical properties under exclosure with increasing age,and grazing land at different slope positions.Methods:The study was conducted in northern Ethiopia from 12 exclosure sites paired each with adjacent grazing land in total from 24 sites with four treatments replicated three times.In the entire study,216 plots were examined of which 108 were in exclosures and 108 in communal grazing lands.There were four age classes and three slope positions in each of the land uses.Composite soil and root samples were collected using nested plots measuring 100m2 from four sides of 1763 plants for spore enumeration and root colonization.Soils for chemical properties were collected from the four corners and center of 5 m×5 m plots.Results:All the 61 woody plant species that belong to 41 families were colonized by AMF.Spore density and root colonization were significantly higher in exclosures as compared to grazing land and increased with increasing ages of exclosures.Foot slope had significantly higher spore density and root colonization than middle and upper slopes.Soil chemical properties were significantly higher in the exclosure,oldest age of exclosure,and foot slope position(except P).AMF spore density and root colonization were significantly positively correlated with soil chemical properties.Conclusions:Exclosures are helpful to restore the AMF spore density and root colonization of woody species and soil fertility. | Emiru Birhane Kide Mogos Gebremedihin Tewodros Tadesse Mengsteab Hailemariam Negasi Solomon | 2017 | Ecological Processes2017，6，1： | 2 |
| 3 | Evaluation of sampling strategies to estimate crown biomass显示文摘Background:Depending on tree and site characteristics crown biomass accounts for a significant portion of the total aboveground biomass in the tree.Crown biomass estimation is useful for different purposes including evaluating the economic feasibility of crown utilization for energy production or forest products,fuel load assessments and fire management strategies,and wildfire modeling.However,crown biomass is difficult to predict because of the variability within and among species and sites.Thus the allometric equations used for predicting crown biomass should be based on data collected with precise and unbiased sampling strategies.In this study,we evaluate the performance different sampling strategies to estimate crown biomass and to evaluate the effect of sample size in estimating crown biomass.Methods:Using data collected from 20 destructively sampled trees,we evaluated 11 different sampling strategies using six evaluation statistics:bias,relative bias,root mean square error(RMSE),relative RMSE,amount of biomass sampled,and relative biomass sampled.We also evaluated the performance of the selected sampling strategies when different numbers of branches(3,6,9,and 12)are selected from each tree.Tree specific log linear model with branch diameter and branch length as covariates was used to obtain individual branch biomass.Results:Compared to all other methods stratified sampling with probability proportional to size estimation technique produced better results when three or six branches per tree were sampled.However,the systematic sampling with ratio estimation technique was the best when at least nine branches per tree were sampled.Under the stratified sampling strategy,selecting unequal number of branches per stratum produced approximately similar results to simple random sampling,but it further decreased RMSE when information on branch diameter is used in the design and estimation phases.Conclusions:Use of auxiliary information in design or estimation phase reduces the RMSE produced by a sampling strategy.However,this is attained by having to sample larger amount of biomass.Based on our finding we would recommend sampling nine branches per tree to be reasonably efficient and limit the amount of fieldwork. | Krishna P Poudel Hailemariam Temesgen Andrew N Gray | 2015 | Forest Ecosystems2015，2，1： | 2 |
| 4 | Occurrence of retained placenta is preceded by an inflammatory state and alterations of energy metabolism in transition dairy cows显示文摘Background: Failure to expel fetal membranes within 24 h of calving is a pathological condition defined as retained placenta(RP). The objective of this investigation was to evaluate whether there are alterations in several selected serum variables related to innate immunity and carbohydrate and lipid metabolism that precede occurrence of RP in transition Holstein dairy cows.Methods: One hundred multiparous Holstein dairy cows were involved in the study. Blood samples were collected from the coccygeal vein during the-8 to +4 wks around parturition, once per week before the morning feeding.Six healthy control cows(CON) and 6 cows with RP were selected and serum samples at-8,-4, time of diagnosis of disease, and +4 wks relative to parturition were used for analyses. All samples were analyzed for lactate, nonesterified fatty acids(NEFA), β-hydroxybutyrate(BHBA), interleukin-1(IL-1), interleukin-6(IL-6), tumor necrosis factor(TNF), haptoglobin(Hp), and serum amyloid A(SAA).Results: Cows with RP had greater concentrations of serum lactate, IL-1, IL-6, TNF, and SAA in comparison with CON cows. Intriguingly, elevated concentrations of all five variables were observed at-8 and-4 wks before the occurrence of RP compared to healthy cows. Cows with RP also had lower DMI and milk production vs CON animals; however milk composition was not affected by RP.Conclusions: Cows with RP showed an activated innate immunity 8 wks prior to diagnosis of disease. Overall results suggest that serum IL-1, IL- 6, and TNF, and lactate can be used as screening biomarkers to indicate cows that might have health issues during the transition period. | Elda Dervishi Guanshi Zhang Dagnachew Hailemariam Suzana M.Dunn Burim N.Ametaj | 2016 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2016，7，3： | 2 |
| 5 | A mat- hematical model for the isothermal growth of bubbles in wheat dough 显示文摘 | Hailemariam L Okos M Campanella O | 2007 | Journal of Food Engineering2007，82，4： | 1 |
| 6 | Krtippel-like family of transcription factors: an emerging new frontier in fat biology显示文摘 | Brey CW Nelder MP Hailemariam T | 2009 | Int J Biol Sci2009，5，6： | 1 |
| 7 | Sphingomyelin synthase 2 deficiency attenuates NFkappaB activation 显示文摘 | Hailemariam T K Huan C Liu J | 2008 | Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol2008，28，8： | 1 |
| 8 | Potential for integrated control of neglected tropical diseases in Ethiopia 显示文摘 | TADESSE Z HAILEMARIAM A KOLACZINSKI J H | 2008 | Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene2008，102，： | 1 |
| 9 | An individual-tree mortality model for complex stands of southeastern British Columbia显示文摘 | Hailemariam T Stephen J M | 2005 | Westem Journal of Applied Forestry2005，20，2： | 1 |
| 10 | Giant Sertoli cell nodule of the testis: distinction from other Sertoli cell lesions显示文摘 | Barghom A Alioth HR Hailemariam S | 2006 | J Clin Pathol2006，59，11： | 1 |
| 11 | A mathematical model for the isothermal growth of bubbles in wheat dough显示文摘 | Hailemariam L Martin O Campanella O | 2007 | Journal of Food Engineering2007，82，： | 1 |
| 12 | The effect of varying doses of oral iodized oil in the prophylaxis of endemic goiter in elementary schools children显示文摘 | Abuye C Hailemariam B Tibeb HN | 1995 | Ethiop Med J1995，33，： | 1 |
| 13 | The ethiopian fieldepidemiology and laboratory training program : strengtheningpublic health systems and building human resource capacity显示文摘 | Jima D Mitike G Hailemariam Z | 2011 | Pan Afr Med J2011，10，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Protection cycles in mesh WDM networks显示文摘 | Ellinas G Hailemariam A G Stern T E | 2000 | IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications2000，18，10： | 1 |
| 15 | Sphingomyelin synthase 2 deficiency attenuates NFkappaB activation 显示文摘 | Hailemariam TK Huan C Liu J ct al | 2008 | Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol2008，28，8： | 1 |
| 16 | PIAS3 interacts with ATF1 and regulates the human ferritin H gene through an antioxidant-responsive element 显示文摘 | Iwasaki K Hailemariam K Tsuji Y | 2007 | J Biol Chem2007，282，22： | 1 |
| 17 | Heroin mediated regulation of an antioxidant-responsive element of the human ferritin H gene and role of Ref-1 during erythroid differentiation ofK562 cells显示文摘 | Iwasaki K Mackenzie EL Hailemariam K | 2006 | Mol Cell Biol2006，26，7： | 1 |
| 18 | Unilateral limbic epileptic status activity : stereo EEG, behavioral, and cognitive data 显示文摘 | Wieser HG Hailemariam S Regard M | 1985 | Epilepsia1985，26，： | 1 |
| 19 | Alternatives to the Global Warming Potential for Comparing Climate Impacts of Emissions of Greenhouse Gases显示文摘 | Keith P. Shine Jan S. Fuglestvedt Kinfe Hailemariam Nicola Stuber | 2005 | Climatic Change2005，，3： | 1 |
| 20 | Lymphoblastic lymphoma of the tesis显示文摘 | Wolfensberger UE Hailemariam S Trinkler F | 1999 | Praxis1999，88，33： | 1 |
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