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| 1 | Chronic hepatitis C virus infection:Prevalence of extrahepatic manifestations and association with cryoglobulinemia in Bulgarian patients显示文摘AIM: To assess the prevalence of extrahepatic manifestations in Bulgarian patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and identify the clinical and biological manifestations associated with cryoglobulinemia. METHODS: The medical records of 136 chronically infected HCV patients were reviewed to assess the prevalence of extrahepatic manifestations. Association between cryoglobulin-positivity and other manifestations were identified using χ2 and Fisher’s exact test. Risk factors for the presence of extrahepatic manifestations were assessed by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Seventy six percent (104/136) of the patients had at least one extrahepatic manifestation. Clinical manifestations included fatigue (59.6%), kidney impairment (25.0%), type 2 diabetes (22.8%), paresthesia (19.9%), arthralgia (18.4%), palpable purpura (17.6%), lymphadenopathy (16.2%), pulmonary fi brosis (15.4%), thyroid dysfunction (14.7%), Raynaud’s phenomenon (11.8%), B-cell lymphoma (8.8%), sicca syndrome (6.6%), and lichen planus (5.9%). The biological manifestations included cryoglobulinproduction (37.5%), thrombocytopenia (31.6%), and autoantibodies: anti-nuclear (18.4%), anti-smooth muscle (16.9%), anti-neutrophil cytoplasm (13.2%) and anti-cardiolipin (8.8%). All extrahepatic manifestations showed an association with cryoglobulin-positivity, with the exception of thyroid dysfunction, sicca syndrome, and lichen planus. Risks factors for the presence of extrahepatic manifestations (univariate analysis) were: age ≥ 60 years, female gender, virus transmission by blood transfusions, longstanding infection (≥ 20 years), and extensive liver fi brosis. The most signifi cant risks factors (multivariate analysis) were longstanding infection and extensive liver fi brosis. CONCLUSION: We observed a high prevalence of extrahepatic manifestations in patients with chronic HCV infection. Most of these manifestations were associated with impaired lymphoproliferation and cryoglobulin production. Longstanding infection and extensive liver fi brosis were signifi cant risk factors for the presence of extrahepatic manifestations in HCV patients. | Diana V Stefanova-Petrova Anelia H Tzvetanska Elisaveta J Naumova Anastasia P Mihailova Evgenii A Hadjiev Rumiana P Dikova Mircho I Vukov Konstantin G Tchernev | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，48： | 5 |
| 2 | Liquid flow resi- dence time in a fibrous fixed bed reactor with recycle 显示文摘 | Martinov M Hadjiev D Vlaev S | 2010 | Bioresource Technology2010，101，4： | 1 |
| 3 | The occurrence of five major Newcastle disease virus genotypes (Ⅱ ,Ⅳ, Ⅴ ,Ⅵ and Ⅶb)in Bulgaria between 1959 and 1996 显示文摘 | Czegledi A Herczeg J Hadjiev G | 2002 | Epidemiol Infect2002，129，3： | 1 |
| 4 | Monitoring of microbial adhesion and biofilm growth using electrochemical impedancemetry显示文摘 | A. Dheilly I. Linossier A. Darchen D. Hadjiev C. Corbel V. Alonso | 2008 | Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology2008，，1： | 1 |
| 5 | The occurrence of five major Newcastle disease virus genotypes( II, IV, V, VI and VIIb)in Bulgaria between 1959 and 1996 显示文摘 | Czegledi A Herczeg J Hadjiev G | 2002 | Epidemiology and infection2002，129，3： | 1 |
| 6 | The occurrence of five major Newcastle disease virus genotypes(II,IV,V,VI and VIIb)in Bulgaria between 1959 and 1996显示文摘 | Czegledi A Herczeg J Hadjiev G | 2002 | Epidemiol Infect2002，129，： | 1 |
| 7 | The design of separators based on phase inversion at low velocities in the nozzles显示文摘 | Hadjiev D Limousy L Sabiri N E | 2004 | Separation and Purification Technology2004，38，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Mixer-Settler based on phase inversion:design of the mixing zone显示文摘 | Paulo J B A Hadjiev D E | 2006 | Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research2006，45，11： | 1 |
| 9 | Extraction separation in mixer-settlers based on phase inversion显示文摘 | Hadjiev D Paulo J | 2005 | Separation and Purification Technology2005，43，3： | 1 |
| 10 | A strategy for improving mechanical properties of a fiber reinforced epoxy composite using functionalized carbon nanotubes显示文摘 | Daniel C. Davis Justin W. Wilkerson Jiang Zhu Viktor G. Hadjiev | 2011 | Composites Science and Technology2011，，8： | 1 |
| 11 | Dynamic MR based analysis of tumor movement in upper and mid lobe localized lung cancer 显示文摘 | Kovacs A Hadjiev J Lakosi F | 2009 | Pathol Oncol Res2009，15，2： | 1 |
| 12 | The Raman spectra of Co3O4 显示文摘 | V G Hadjiev M N Iliev I V Vergilov | 1988 | 21 : L199 - L2011988，21，： | 1 |
| 13 | Enhancement of the biofilm formation on polymeric supports by surface conditioning显示文摘 | Hadjiev D Dirnitrov D Martinov M | 2007 | Enzyme and Microbial Technology2007，40，4： | 1 |
| 14 | Study on a newtype of mixer-settler显示文摘 | Hadjiev D Aurelle Y Casamata G | 1992 | The Chemical Engineering Journal1992，49，2： | 1 |
| 15 | The occur- rence of five major Newcastle disease virus genotypes( Ⅱ , lV, V ,Ⅶ and VHb) in Bulgaria between 1959 and 1996显示文摘 | CZEGLEDI A HERCZEG J HADJIEV G | 2002 | Epi- demiol Infect2002，129，3： | 1 |
| 16 | Thermal physical properties of some paraffin applicable to thermal energy storage显示文摘 | Hadjiev M Kanev St Argirov J | 1992 | Solar Energy Stor- age Materials and Solar Cells1992，27，： | 1 |
| 17 | Thermal mismatch strains in sidewall functionalized carbon nanotube/polystyrene nanocomposites显示文摘 | Hadjiev V G Mitchell C A Arepalli S | 2005 | J Chem Phys2005，122，12： | 1 |
| 18 | The occurrence of five major Newcastle disease virus genotypes (Ⅱ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ, Ⅵ and Ⅶb) in Bulgaria between 1959 and 1996显示文摘 | Czegledi A Herczeg J Hadjiev G | 2002 | Epidemiol Infect2002，129，3： | 1 |
| 19 | Protocol for the characterization of single-wall carbon nanotube material quality显示文摘 | Arepalli S Nikolaev P Gorelik O Hadjiev V G Holmes W Files B Yowell L | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 20 | Prevalence of stroke risk factors and their outcomes显示文摘 | Manchev IC Mineva PP Hadjiev DI | 2001 | Cerebrovasc Dis2001，12，： | 1 |
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