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| 1 | 面向21世纪的卒中新定义:美国心脏病学会和美国卒中学会声明显示文摘尽管脑血管病有着全球性影响且对其病理生理学的认识有了很多进步,但是'卒中'这一术语在临床实践、临床研究或公共卫生评估中的定义却不一致。传统的定义依据于临床,却没有考虑到科学技术的进步。美国心脏协会(AHA)和美国卒中协会(ASA)卒中分会组织了写作小组,为21世纪卒中新定义撰写专家共识性声明。中枢神经系统(CNS)梗死,指由缺血所导致的脑、脊髓或视网膜的细胞死亡,是基于持续性损害的神经病理学、神经影像学和(或)临床证据。CNS梗死表现为一个临床谱:缺血性卒中特指伴有明显症状的CNS梗死,而静息性梗死根据定义指未引起已知的症状的梗死。卒中也还包括脑出血和蛛网膜下腔出血。新定义的卒中结合了临床和组织学标准,可被用于实践、研究和公共卫生评估。 | 俞羚 董荃 宋叶平 江静雯 李卉 刘亮贤 苏爱萍 李焰生 Sacco RL Kasner SE Broderick JP Caplan LR Connors JJ Culebras A Elkind MS George MG Hamdan AD Higashida RT Hoh BL Janis LS Kase CS Kleindorfer DO Lee JM Moseley ME Peterson ED Turan TN Valderrama AL Vinters HV | 2013 | 神经病学与神经康复学杂志2013，10，2： | 188 |
| 2 | Appropriateness of systemic treatments in unresectable metastatic well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors显示文摘AIM:To evaluate systemic treatment choices in unresectable metastatic well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors(PNETs)and provide consensus treatment recommendations.METHODS:Systemic treatment options for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors have expanded in recent years to include somatostatin analogs,angiogenesis inhibitors,inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycinand cytotoxic agents.At this time,there is little data to guide treatment selection and sequence.We therefore assembled a panel of expert physicians to evaluate systemic treatment choices and provide consensus treatment recommendations.Treatment appropriateness ratings were collected using the RAND/UCLA modified Delphi process.After studying the literature,a multidisciplinary panel of 10 physicians assessed the appropriateness of various medical treatment scenarios on a 1-9 scale.Ratings were done both before and after an extended discussion of the evidence.Quantitative measurements of agreement were made and consensus statements developed from the second round ratings.RESULTS:Specialties represented were medical and surgical oncology,interventional radiology,and gastroenterology.Panelists had practiced for a mean of15.5 years(range:6-33).Among 202 rated scenarios,disagreement decreased from 13.2%(26 scenarios)before the face-to-face discussion of evidence to 1%(2)after.In the final ratings,46.5%(94 scenarios)were rated inappropriate,21.8%(44)were uncertain,and30.7%(62)were appropriate.Consensus statements from the scenarios included:(1)it is appropriate to use somatostatin analogs as first line therapy in patients with hormonally functional tumors and may be appropriate in patients who are asymptomatic;(2)it is appropriate to use everolimus,sunitinib,or cytotoxic chemotherapy therapy as first line therapy in patients with symptomatic or progressive tumors;and(3)beyond first line,these same agents can be used.In patients with uncontrolled secretory symptoms,octreotide LAR doses can be titrated up to 60 mg every4 wk or up to 40 mg every 3 or 4 wk.CONCLUSION:Using the Delphi process allowed physician experts to systematically obtain a consensus on the appropriateness of a variety of medical therapies in patients with PNETs. | Jonathan R Strosberg George A Fisher Al B Benson Lowell B Anthony Bulent Arslan John F Gibbs Edward Greeno Renuka V Iyer Michelle K Kim William J Maples Philip A Philip Edward M Wolin Dasha Cherepanov Michael S Broder | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，8： | 2 |
| 3 | Omentum facilitates liver regeneration显示文摘AIM:To investigate the mechanism of liver regeneration induced by fusing the omentum to a small traumatic injury created in the liver. We studied three groups of rats. In one group the rats were omentectomized; in another group the omentum was left in situ and was not activated,and in the third group the omentum was activated by polydextran particles. METHODS:We pre-activated the omentum by injecting polydextran particles and then made a small wedge wound in the rat liver to allow the omentum to fuse to the wound. We monitored the regeneration of the liver by determining the ratio of liver weight/body weight,by histological evaluation (including immune staining for cytokeratin-19,an oval cell marker),and by testing for developmental gene activation using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS:There was no liver regeneration in the omentectomized rats,nor was there significant regeneration when the omentum was not activated,even though in this instance the omentum had fusedwith the liver. In contrast,the liver in the rats with the activated omentum expanded to a size 50% greater than the original,and there was histologically an interlying tissue between the wounded liver and the activated omentum in which bile ducts,containing cytokeratin-19 positive oval cells,extended from the wound edge. In this interlying tissue,oval cells were abundant and appeared to proliferate to form new liver tissue. In rats pre-treated with drugs that inhibited hepatocyte growth,liver proliferation was ongoing,indicating that regeneration of the liver was the result of oval cell expansion. CONCLUSION:Activated omentum facilitates liver regeneration following injury by a mechanism that depends largely on oval cell proliferation. | Ashok K Singh Nishit Pancholi Jilpa Patel Natalia O Litbarg Krishnamurthy P Gudehithlu Perianna Sethupathi Mark Kraus George Dunea Jose AL Arruda | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，9： | 2 |
| 4 | Proton magnetic resonance studies of 2′-deoxynucleoside and nucletides in the syn conformation 显示文摘 | George AL Hruska FE Ogilvie KK | 1978 | Can J Chem1978，56，9： | 1 |
| 5 | Narrow molecular weight resins by a free-radical polymerization process显示文摘 | Georges M K Veregin R P N Kazmaizer P M ct al | 1993 | Macromolecules1993，26，： | 1 |
| 6 | TNF, acting through inducibly expressed TNFR2, drives activation and cell cycle entry of c‐Kit<sup>+</sup> cardiac stem cells in ischemic heart disease显示文摘 | Rafia S. Al‐Lamki Wanhua Lu Jun Wang Jun Yang Timothy J. Sargeant Richard Wells Chenqu Suo Penny Wright Martin Goddard Qunhua Huang Amir H. Lebastchi George Tellides Yingqun Huang Wang Min Jordan S. Pober John R. Bradley | 2013 | Stem Cells2013，，9： | 1 |
| 7 | Role of the integrinbinding protein osteopontin in lymphatic metastasis of breast Cancer 显示文摘 | Allan AL George R Vantyghem SA | 2006 | Am J Pathol2006，169，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Factors influencing bowel sparing in intensity modulated whole pelvic radiotherapy for gynaecological malignancies 显示文摘 | Georg P Georg D Hillbrand M et al | 2006 | Radiother Oncol2006，80，1： | 1 |
| 9 | The M and N genes-based simplex and multiplex PCRs are better than the F or H gene-based simplex PCR for Peste-des-petits-ruminants virus显示文摘 | George A Dhar P Sreenivasa B P ct al | 2006 | Acta Virol2006，50，4： | 1 |
| 10 | Cardiac ion channels显示文摘 | Roden DM Balser JR George AL | 2002 | Annu Rev Physiol2002，64，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Cosmic microwave background probes models of inflation显示文摘 | Richard L Davis Hardy M Hodgcs George F Smoot ct al | | Phys Rev Lett i992 690，，： | 1 |
| 12 | Role of the integrinbinding protein osteopontin in lymphatic metastasis of breast cancer显示文摘 | Allan AL George R Vantyghem SA | | 0，，01： | 1 |
| 13 | Comparision of endothelial cell loss and surgically induced astigmatism following conventional extracapsular cataract surgery, manual small-incision surgery and phacoemulsification 显示文摘 | George R RupauLiha P Sripriya AU et aL | 2005 | J Ophthalmic Epidemiol2005，12，5： | 1 |
| 14 | A novel ga- lacto-oligosaccharide mixture increases the bifidobacterial population number in a continuous in vitro fermentation sys- tem and in the proximal colonic contents of pigs in vivo 显示文摘 | George T Athanasios K G Jennifer M G el al | 2005 | The American Society for :utritional Sciencese2005，135，7： | 1 |
| 15 | Osteorotegerin is a risk factor forprogressive athemsclerosis and cardiovscular disease 显示文摘 | Stcfan K George S George W el al | 2004 | Circulation2004，109，18： | 1 |
| 16 | The early clinical and angiographic outcome of sequential coronary artery bypass grafting with the off- pump technique显示文摘 | Al Ruzzeh S George S Bustami M | 2002 | J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg2002，123，： | 1 |
| 17 | Endothelial pro- genitor cell biology in disease and tissue regeneration显示文摘 | George AL Bangalore - Prakash P Rajoria S | 2011 | J Hematol Onco12011，4，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Statisticalquantification of the effect of thermal stratification on patterns ofdispersion in a freshwater zooplankton community 显示文摘 | Thackeray S J George D G Jones R I ei al | 2006 | AquaticEcology2006，40，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Role of the integrin binding protein osteopontin in lymphatic metastasis of breast cancer显示文摘 | Allan AL George R Vantyghem SA | 2006 | Am J Pathol2006，169，1： | 1 |
| 20 | mTOR regu- lates expression of slit diaphragm proteins and cytoskeleton structure in podoeytes显示文摘 | Vollenbroker B George B Wolfgart M e al | 2009 | Am J Physiol Renal Physiol2009，296，2： | 1 |
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