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| 1 | Abdominal ultrasonography of the pediatric gastrointestinal tract显示文摘Ultrasound is an invaluable imaging modality in the evaluation of pediatric gastrointestinal pathology; it can provide real-time evaluation of the bowel without the need for sedation or intravenous contrast. Recent improvements in ultrasound technique can be utilized to improve detection of bowel pathology in children: Higher resolution probes, color Doppler, harmonic and panoramic imaging are excellent tools in this setting. Graded compression and cine clips provide dynamic information and oral and intravenous contrast agents aid in detection of bowel wall pathology. Ultrasound of the bowel in children is typically a targeted exam; common indications include evaluation for appendicitis, pyloric stenosis and intussusception. Bowel abnormalities that are detected prenatally can be evaluated after birth with ultrasound. Likewise, acquired conditions such as bowel hematoma, bowel infections and hernias can be detected with ultrasound. Rare bowel neoplasms, vascular disorders and foreign bodies may first be detected with sonography, as well. At some centers, comprehensive exams of the gastrointestinal tract are performed on children with inflammatory bowel disease and celiac disease to evaluate for disease activity or to confirm the diagnosis. The goal of this article is to review up-to-date imaging techniques, normal sonographic anatomy, and characteristic sonographic features of common and uncommon disorders affecting the gastrointestinal tract in children. | Heather I Gale Michael S Gee Sjirk J Westra Katherine Nimkin | 2016 | World Journal of Radiology2016，8，7： | 3 |
| 2 | Vitamin A-deficient quail embryos have half a hindbrain and other neural defects显示文摘 | Maden M Gale E Kostetskii I | 1996 | Curr Biol1996，6，4： | 1 |
| 3 | A note onbilevel linear fraction programming problem 显示文摘 | Calvete H I Gale C | 2004 | European Journal of Operational Research2004，1，152： | 1 |
| 4 | Haploinsufficiency of delta- like 4 ligand results in embryonic lethality due to ma:or defects in arterial and vascular development显示文摘 | Gale N W Dominguez M G Noguera I Pan L Hughes V Va]enzuela D M | 2004 | Proc Natl Acad Sci USA2004，101，15： | 1 |
| 5 | On the quasiconcave bilevel programming problem显示文摘 | Calvete H I Gale C | 1998 | Journal of Optimization Theroy and Applications1998，98，3： | 1 |
| 6 | Blockade of Dl14 inhibits turnout growth by promoting non-productive angiogene- sis显示文摘 | Noguera-Troise I Daly C Papadopoulos N J Coetzee S Boland P Gale N W | 2006 | Nature2006，444，： | 1 |
| 7 | Optimal design of research contests显示文摘 | Che Y K Gale I | 2003 | A- merican Economic Review2003，93，3： | 1 |
| 8 | Geochemistry of pelagic and hemipelagic carbonates:criteria for identifying systems tracts and sea-level change显示文摘 | JARVIS I MURPHY A M GALE A S | 2001 | Journal of Geological Society2001，158，： | 1 |
| 9 | Optimal Design of Research Contests显示文摘 | Yeon-Koo Che Gale I | 2003 | American Economic Review2003，93，3： | 1 |
| 10 | Plasma antioxidant vitamins and carotenoids and age-related cataract显示文摘 | Gale C R Hall N F Phillips D I | 2001 | Ophthalmology2001，108，11： | 1 |
| 11 | Geochemistry of pelagic and hemipelagic carbonates: Criteria for identifying systems tracts and sea-level change显示文摘 | Jarvis I Murphy A M Gale A S | 2001 | Journal of the Geological Society2001，158，4： | 1 |
| 12 | Linear bilevel programs with multiple objectives at the upper level 显示文摘 | Calvete H I Gale C | 2010 | Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics2010，234，： | 1 |
| 13 | Standard auctions with financially constrained bidders显示文摘 | Che Y K Gale I | 1998 | Review of Economic Studies1998，65，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Haploinsufficiency of delta-like 4 ligand results in embryonic lethality due to major defects in arterial and vascular development显示文摘 | Gale N W Dominguez M G Noguera I | 2004 | Proc Natl Acad Sci USA2004，101，15： | 1 |
| 15 | The optimal mechanism for selling to a budget-constrained buyer显示文摘 | Che Y K Gale I | 2000 | Journal of Econo- mic Theory2000，92，2： | 1 |
| 16 | Assigning resources to budget-constrained agents显示文摘 | Che Y K Gale I Kim J | 2013 | Review of Economic Studies2013，80，1： | 1 |
| 17 | A new approach for solving linear bilevel problems using genetic algorithm显示文摘 | Calvete H I Gale C Mateo P M | 2008 | European Journal of Operational Research2008，188，1： | 1 |
| 18 | 查看详情显示文摘 | GALE C KAPUSTA J I | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 19 | Bi-leVel model for production-distribution planning solved by using ant colony optimization 显示文摘 | CALVETE H I GALE C OLIVEROS M J | 2011 | Computers and Operations Research2011，38，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Haploinsuffie- iency of Delta-like ligand results in embryonic lethality due tomajor defects in arterial and vascular development显示文摘 | Gale NW Dominguez MG Noguera I | 2004 | Proc Natl Acad Sci USA2004，101，15： | 1 |
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