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| 1 | Fluid balance concepts in medicine:Principles and practice显示文摘The regulation of body fluid balance is a key concern in health and disease and comprises three concepts. The first concept pertains to the relationship between total body water(TBW) and total effective solute and is expressed in terms of the tonicity of the body fluids. Disturbances in tonicity are the main factor responsible for changes in cell volume, which can critically affect brain cell function and survival. Solutes distributed almost exclusively in the extracellular compartment(mainly sodium salts) and in the intracellular compartment(mainly potassium salts) contribute to tonicity, while solutes distributed in TBW have no effect on tonicity. The second body fluid balance concept relates to the regulation and measurement of abnormalities of sodium salt balance and extracellular volume. Estimation of extracellular volume is more complex and error prone than measurement of TBW. A key function of extracellular volume, which is defined as the effective arterial blood volume(EABV), is to ensure adequate perfusion of cells and organs. Other factors, including cardiac output, total and regional capacity of both arteries and veins, Starling forces in the capillaries, and gravity also affect the EABV. Collectively, these factors interact closely with extracellular volume and some of them undergo substantial changes in certain acute and chronic severe illnesses. Their changes result not only in extracellular volume expansion, but in the need for a larger extracellular volume compared with that of healthy individuals. Assessing extracellular volume in severe illness is challenging because the estimates of this volume by commonly used methods are prone to large errors in many illnesses. In addition, the optimal extracellular volume may vary from illness to illness, is only partially based on volume measurements by traditional methods, and has not been determined for each illness. Further research is needed to determine optimal extracellular volume levels in several illnesses. For these reasons, extracellular volume in severe illness merits a separate third concept of body fluid balance. | Maria-Eleni Roumelioti Robert H Glew Zeid J Khitan Helbert Rondon-Berrios Christos P Argyropoulos Deepak Malhotra Dominic S Raj Emmanuel I Agaba Mark Rohrscheib Glen H Murata Joseph I Shapiro Antonios H Tzamaloukas | 2018 | World Journal of Nephrology2018，7，1： | 3 |
| 2 | Liver involvement in the drug reaction,eosinophilia,and systemic symptoms syndrome显示文摘First described in 1996,the drug reaction,eosinophilia,and systemic symptoms syndrome(DReSS) is considered,along with Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis,a severe cutaneous drug reaction. It is characterized by the presence of a maculopapular erythematous skin eruption,fever,lymphadenopathy,influenza-like symptoms,eosinophilia,and visceral involvement such as hepatitis,pneumonitis,myocarditis,pericarditis,nephritis,and colitis. The prognosis of patients with DReSS is related to the severity of visceral involvement. The mortality ranges from approximately 5% to 10%,and death is mainly due to liver failure,which is also the organ most commonly involved in this syndrome. Although it was previously hypothesized in 1994,DReSS syndrome can lead to reactivation of one or more human herpesvirus family members. Now being included as diagnostic criteria in a proposed diagnostic score system,this reactivation can be detected up to 2-3 wk after DReSS syndrome onset. Other causes of mortality in DReSS syndrome include myocardial or pulmonary lesions and hemophagocytosis. We reviewed the literature of previously reported case-series of DReSS and liver involvement,highlighting the pattern of liver damage,the treatment used,and the outcome. | Sylvia A Martinez-Cabriales Neil H Shear Emmanuel I Gonzalez-Moreno | 2019 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2019，7，6： | 2 |
| 3 | Complications of modern pancreaticoduodenectomy:A systematic review and meta-analysis显示文摘Background:In the past decades,the perioperative management of patients undergoing pancreaticoduo-denectomy(PD)has undergone major changes worldwide.This review aimed to systematically determine the burden of complications of PD performed in the last 10 years.Data sources:A systematic review was conducted in PubMed for randomized controlled trials and ob-servational studies reporting postoperative complications in at least 100 PDs from January 2010 to April 2020.Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB2 tool for randomized studies and the method-ological index for non-randomized studies(MINORS).Pooled complication rates were estimated using random-effects meta-analysis.Heterogeneity was investigated by subgroup analysis and meta-regression.Results:A total of 20 randomized and 49 observational studies reporting 63229 PDs were reviewed.Mean MINORS score showed a high risk of bias in non-randomized studies,while one quarter of the ran-domized studies were assessed to have high risk of bias.Pooled incidences of 30-day mortality,overall complications and serious complications were 1.7%(95%CI:0.9%-2.9%;I 2=95.4%),54.7%(95%CI:46.4%-62.8%;I 2=99.4%)and 25.5%(95%CI:21.8%-29.4%;I 2=92.9%),respectively.Clinically-relevant postopera-tive pancreatic fistula risk was 14.3%(95%CI:12.4%-16.3%;I 2=92.0%)and mean length of stay was 14.8 days(95%CI:13.6-16.1;I 2=99.3%).Meta-regression partially attributed the observed heterogeneity to the country of origin of the study,the study design and the American Society of Anesthesiologists class.Conclusions:Pooled complication rates estimated in this study may be used to counsel patients scheduled to undergo a PD and to set benchmarks against which centers can audit their practice.However,cautious interpretation is necessary due to substantial heterogeneity. | Stamatios Kokkinakis Evangelos I Kritsotakis Neofytos Maliotis Ioannis Karageorgiou Emmanuel Chrysos Konstantinos Lasithiotakis | 2022 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2022，21，6： | 2 |
| 4 | Hypertonicity:Clinical entities,manifestations and treatment显示文摘Hypertonicity causes severe clinical manifestations and is associated with mortality and severe short-term and longterm neurological sequelae. The main clinical syndromes of hypertonicity are hypernatremia and hyperglycemia.Hypernatremia results from relative excess of body sodium over body water. Loss of water in excess of intake,gain of sodium salts in excess of losses or a combination of the two are the main mechanisms of hypernatremia.Hypernatremia can be hypervolemic,euvolemic or hypovolemic. The management of hypernatremia addresses both a quantitative replacement of water and,if present,sodium deficit,and correction of the underlying pathophysiologic process that led to hypernatremia.Hypertonicity in hyperglycemia has two components,solute gain secondary to glucose accumulation in the extracellular compartment and water loss through hyperglycemic osmotic diuresis in excess of the losses of sodium and potassium. Differentiating between these two components of hypertonicity has major therapeutic implications because the first component will be reversed simply by normalization of serum glucose concentration while the second component will require hypotonic fluid replacement. An estimate of the magnitude of the relative water deficit secondary to osmotic diuresis is obtained by the corrected sodium concentration,which represents a calculated value of the serum sodium concentration that would result from reduction of the serum glucose concentration to a normal level. | Helbert Rondon-Berrios Christos Argyropoulos Todd S Ing Dominic S Raj Deepak Malhotra Emmanuel I Agaba Mark Rohrscheib Zeid J Khitan Glen H Murata Joseph I Shapiro Antonios H Tzamaloukas | 2017 | World Journal of Nephrology2017，6，1： | 2 |
| 5 | Respiratory failure in diabetic ketoacidosis显示文摘Respiratory failure complicating the course of diabetic ketoacidosis(DKA)is a source of increased morbidity and mortality.Detection of respiratory failure in DKA requires focused clinical monitoring,careful interpretation of arterial blood gases,and investigation for conditions that can affect adversely the respiration.Conditions that compromise respiratory function caused by DKA can be detected at presentation but are usually more prevalent during treatment.These conditions include deficits of potassium,magnesium and phosphate and hydrostatic or non-hydrostatic pulmonary edema.Conditions not caused by DKA that can worsen respiratory function under the added stress of DKA include infections of the respiratory system,pre-existing respiratory or neuromuscular disease and miscellaneous other conditions.Prompt recognition and management of the conditions that can lead to respiratory failure in DKA may prevent respiratory failure and improve mortality from DKA. | Nikifor K Konstantinov Mark Rohrscheib Emmanuel I Agaba Richard I Dorin Glen H Murata Antonios H Tzamaloukas | 2015 | World Journal of Diabetes2015，6，8： | 2 |
| 6 | A wildfire model for the estimation of the temperature rise of an overhead line conductor显示文摘 | Emmanuel I K Panagiotis T T John S K | 2010 | IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery~2010，25，2： | 1 |
| 7 | An ROV-manipulator system simulator显示文摘 | Emmanuel I A | 1995 | IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications1995，，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Kalman filtering in open channel flow estimation显示文摘 | Chiu C L Emmanuel 0 I | 1978 | Journal of the Hydraulics Division1978，104，8： | 1 |
| 9 | Interaction of water-soluble thiolcapped CdTe quantum dots and bovine serum albumin显示文摘 | Mopelola I Emmanuel L Tebello N | 2008 | J PhotochemPhotobiol A2008，198，： | 1 |
| 10 | Cloning and expression of activator of CREM in testis in human testicular tissue 显示文摘 | Palermo I Litrico L Emmanuele G | 2001 | Biochem Biophys Res Commun2001，283，2： | 1 |
| 11 | Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvic floor in patients with idiopathic combined fecal and urinary incontinence 显示文摘 | Emmanuel I Egnare M D Panl N | 2004 | Gastrointestinal Surgery2004，8，1： | 1 |
| 12 | Microwave - assisted syn- thesis of polyglycerol from glycerol carbonate 显示文摘 | KAMAL I STEPHANE D EMMANUEL F | 2011 | Journal of Applied Polymer Science2011，120，4： | 1 |
| 13 | The value of hyperbilirubinaemia in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis显示文摘 | Emmanuel A Murchan P Wilson I | 2011 | Ann R Coil Surg Engl2011，93，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Functional analyses of two tomato APETALA3 genes demonstrate diversification in their roles in regulating floral development显示文摘 | De Martino G Pan I Emmanuel E | 2006 | Plant Cell2006，18，8： | 1 |
| 15 | Mechanical properties of W and W(C) thin films:Young's modulus,fracture toughness and adhesion显示文摘 | EMMANUELLE H ANDREA R MICHEL I | 1998 | Thin Solid Films1998，332，： | 1 |
| 16 | Interaction of water-soluble thiolcapped CdTe quantum dots and bovine serum albumin显示文摘 | Mopelola I Emmanuel L Tebello N | 2008 | J PhotochemPhotobiol A2008，198，： | 1 |
| 17 | Cloning and expression of activator of CREM in testis in human testicular tissue显示文摘 | Palermo I Litrico L Emmanuele G | 2001 | Biochem Biophys Res Commun2001，283，2： | 1 |
| 18 | A real-time audio frequency cubic spline interpolator显示文摘 | Okanla Emmanuel I Gaydecki | 1996 | Signal Processing1996，49，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Optimal preventive maintenance scheduling in semiconductor manufacturing显示文摘 | YAO X D EMMANUEL F G MARCUS S I | 2004 | IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing2004，17，3： | 1 |
| 20 | Functional analyses of two tomato APETALA3 genes demonstrate diversification in their roles in regulating floral development显示文摘 | DE MARTINO G PAN I EMMANUEL E | 2006 | Plant Cell2006，18，8： | 1 |
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