| 3 | Effect of D_(4)Dopamine Receptor on Na^(+)-K^(+)-ATPase Activity in Renal Proximal Tubule Cells显示文摘Objective:Dopamine,via its receptors,plays a vital role in the maintenance of blood pressure by modulating renal sodium transport.However,the role of the D_(4)dopamine receptor(D_(4)receptor)in renal proximal tubules(PRTs)is still unclear.This study aimed to verify the hypothesis that activation of D_(4)receptor directly inhibits the activity of the Na+-K+-ATPase(NKA)in RPT cells.Methods:NKA activity,nitric oxide(NO)and cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP)levels were measured in RPT cells treated with the D_(4)receptor agonist PD168077 and/or the D_(4)receptor antagonist L745870,the NO synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester(L-NAME)or the soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo-[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one(ODQ).Total D_(4)receptor expression and its expression in the plasma membrane were investigated by immunoblotting in RPT cells from Wistar-Kyoto(WKY)rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHRs).Results:Activation of D_(4)receptors with PD168077,inhibited NKA activity in RPT cells from WKY rats in a concentration-and time-dependent manner.The inhibitory effect of PD168077 on NKA activity was prevented by the addition of the D_(4)receptor antagonist L745870,which by itself had no effect.The NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME and the soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor ODQ,which by themselves had no effect on NKA activity,eliminated the inhibitory effect of PD168077 on NKA activity.Activation of D_(4)receptors also increased NO levels in the culture medium and cGMP levels in RPT cells.However,the inhibitory effect of D_(4)receptors on NKA activity was absent in RPT cells from SHRs,which could be related to decreased plasma membrane expression of D_(4)receptors in SHR RPT cells.Conclusions:Activation of D_(4)receptors directly inhibits NKA activity via the NO/cGMP signaling pathway in RPT cells from WKY rats but not SHRs.Aberrant regulation of NKA activity in RPT cells may be involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension. | Duofen He Hongmei Ren Hongyong Wang Pedro A.Jose Chunyu Zeng Tianyang Xia Jian Yang | 2023 | Cardiology Discovery2023，3，1： | 0 |
| 4 | Heterogeneous responsibilities of three grassland resource governance modes in Inner Mongolia, China显示文摘Grassland resource governance is an important part of ecological civilization construction,and it directly af‐fects grassland governance performance.This study deploys principal-agent theory and uses social network analysis to compare grassland resource governance modes in China in terms of institutional settings and insti‐tutional network characteristics.This study found three types of grassland resource governance modes:self-designed,docked,and integrated.The self-designed mode forms a network structure with dual centers and multiple members,and has the second-best structural mode of the three types.The docked mode forms a net‐work structure with a single center in which the institution is the absolute core and is relatively divergent.It has the weakest structural advantage of the three types.The integrated mode forms a network structure with a single institution at the core and other institutions distributed evenly throughout the structure.This mode has the strongest structural advantage among the three types.This study offers the practical application of improv‐ing the practice of grassland governance in China and is theoretically significant because it can contribute to improving grassland governance modes and enriching the public goods resources governance. | Duofen Chang | 2022 | Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment2022，20，3： | 0 |
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