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| 1 | Boceprevir,GC-376,and calpain inhibitors Ⅱ,Ⅻ inhibit SARS-CoV-2 viral replication by targeting the viral main protease显示文摘A new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2,also called novel coronavirus 2019(2019-nCoV),started to circulate among humans around December 2019,and it is now widespread as a global pandemic.The disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus is called COVID-19,which is highly contagious and has an overall mortality rate of 6.35%as of May 26,2020.There is no vaccine or antiviral available for SARS-CoV-2.In this study,we report our discovery of inhibitors targeting the SARS-CoV-2 main protease(Mpro).Using the FRET-based enzymatic assay,several inhibitors including boceprevir,GC-376,and calpain inhibitorsⅡ,andⅫwere identified to have potent activity with single-digit to submicromolar ICs0 values in the enzymatic assay.The mechanism of action of the hits was further characterized using enzyme kinetic studies,thermal shift binding assays,and native mass spectrometry.Significantly,four compounds(boceprevir,GC-376,calpain inhibitorsⅡandⅫ)inhibit SARS-CoV-2 viral replication in cell culture with EC50 values ranging from 0.49 to 3.37μM.Notably,boceprevir,calpain inhibitorsⅡandⅫrepresent novel chemotypes that are distinct from known substrate-based peptidomimetic Mpro inhibitors.A complex crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro with GC-376,determined at 2.15(A)resolution with three protomers per asymmetric unit,revealed two unique binding configurations,shedding light on the molecular interactions and protein conformational flexibility underlying substrate and inhibitor binding by Mpro.Overall,the compounds identified herein provide promising starting points for the further development of SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics. | Chunlong Ma Michael Dominic Sacco Brett Hurst Julia Alma Townsend Yanmei Hu Tommy Szeto Xiujun Zhang Bart Tarbet Michael Thomas Marty Yu Chen Jun Wang | 2020 | Cell Research2020，30，8： | 13 |
| 2 | Autonomous navigation for a wolfberry picking robot using visual cues and fuzzy control显示文摘Lycium barbarum commonly known as wolfberry or Goji is considered an important ingredient in Japanese,Korean,Vietnamese,and Chinese food and medicine.It is cultivated extensively in these countries and is usually harvested manually,which is laborintensive and tedious task.To improve the efficiency of harvesting and reduce manual labor,automatic harvesting technology has been investigated by many researchers in recent years.In this paper,an autonomous navigation algorithm using visual cues and fuzzy control is proposed for Wolfberry orchards.At first,we propose a new weightage(2.4B-0.9G-R)to convert a color image into a grayscale image for better identification of the trunk of Lycium barbarum,the minimum positive circumscribed rectangle is used to describe the contours.Then,using the contour points the least square method is used to fit the navigation line and a region of interest(ROI)is computed that improves the realtime accuracy of the system.Finally,a set of fuzzy controllers,for pneumatic steering system,is designed to achieve real-time autonomous navigation in wolfberry orchard.Static image experiments show that the average accuracy rate of the algorithm is above 90%,and the average time consumption is approximately 162 ms,with good robustness and real-time performance.The experimental results show that when the speed is 1 km/h,the maximum lateral deviation is less than 6.2 cm and the average lateral deviation is 2.9 cm,which meets the requirements of automatic picking of wolfberry picking robot in real-world environments. | Yue Ma Wenqiang Zhang Waqar S.Qureshi Chao Gao Chunlong Zhang Wei Li | 2021 | Information Processing in Agriculture2021，8，1： | 7 |
| 3 | Crop positioning for robotic intra-row weeding based on machine vision显示文摘A machine-vision-based method of locating crops is described in this research.This method was used to provide real-time positional information of crop plants for a mechanical intra-row weeding robot.Within the normalized red,green,and blue chromatic coordinates(rgb),a modified excess green feature(g-r>T&g-b>T)was used to segment plant material from back ground in color images.The threshold T was automatically selected by the maximum variance(OTSU)algorithm to cope with variable natural light.Taking into account the geometry of the camera arrangement and the crop row spacing,the target regions covering the crop rows were defined based on a pinhole camera model.According to the statistical variation in the pixel histogram in each target region,locations of the crop plants were initially estimated.To obtain the accurate locations of crops,median filtering was conducted locally in the bounding boxes of the crops close to the bottom of the images.For the lateral guidance of the robot,a novel method of calculating lateral offset was proposed based on a simplified match between a template and the detected crops.Field experiments were conducted under three different illumination conditions.The results showed that the accurate identification rates on lettuce,cauliflower and maize were all above 95%.The positional error as within±15 mm,and the average processing time for a 640×480 image was 31 ms.The method was adequate to meet the technical requirement of the weeding robot,and laid a foundation for robotic weeding in commercial production system. | Li Nan Zhang Chunlong Chen Ziwen Ma Zenghong Sun Zhe Yuan Ting Li Wei Zhang Junxiong | 2015 | International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering2015，8，6： | 4 |
| 4 | SNP Detection of High Density Lipoprotein Binding Protein Gene (HBP) and Its Correlations with Growth Traits in Largemouth Bass(Micropterus salmoides)显示文摘High density lipoprotein binding protein( HBP) plays an important role in lipid metabolism of animals. Lipids are indispensable energy materials for fishes,especially for carnivorous fishes with low utilization efficiency of carbohydrates. The single nucleotide polymorphism( SNP) of HBP gene may affect the fat metabolism,thereby exerting an effect on the growth traits of largemouth bass( Micropterus salmoides). Investigating the correlations between SNP and growth traits can provide candidate markers for molecular marker-assisted selection. In this study,partial genomic fragments of HBP gene( Gen Bank accession number:KF652241) were amplified based on the sequences of an available contig in the EST-SNP database of largemouth bass. Three SNP mutation loci were identified in the 3' non-coding region of HBP gene by direct sequencing,including H1( G + 2782T),H2( T + 2817C) and H3( G + 2857A). Three SNP loci of 165 randomly selected largemouth bass individuals were detected and genotyped by Sna Pshot assay. Genetic structure was analyzed by POPGENE32 software. By using spss17. 0software,a general linear model( GLM) was established for correlation analysis between different genotypes at SNP loci of HBP gene and various growth traits. The results showed that three SNP loci were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium state. To be specific,loci H1 and H2 formed two haplotypes( A and B),and three genotypes( AA,AB,and BB) were observed; loci H1,H2 and H3 formed six diplotypes( D1,D2,D3,D4,D5 and D6). According to the correlations between different genotypes and various growth traits,the body weight and total length of largemouth bass individuals with genotype BB were significantly higher than those of individuals with genotype AB( P < 0. 05); the body weight and total length of largemouth bass individuals with diplotype D6 were significantly higher than those of individuals with diplotype D4( P < 0. 05). In this study,SNP markers correlated with growth traits were obtained in the 3' non-coding region of HBP gene in largemouth bass,which could be used as candidate genetic markers for subsequent molecular marker-assisted selection breeding of largemouth bass. | Chunlong ZHOU Junjie BAI Shengjie LI Jiajia FAN Dongmei MA | 2015 | Agricultural Biotechnology2015，4，3： | 3 |
| 5 | Validation and invalidation of SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors using the Flip-GFP and Protease-Glo luciferase assays显示文摘SARS-CoV-2 main protease(M^(pro))is one of the most extensively exploited drug targets for COVID-19.Structurally disparate compounds have been reported as M^(pro) inhibitors,raising the question of their target specificity.To elucidate the target specificity and the cellular target engagement of the claimed M^(pro) inhibitors,we systematically characterize their mechanism of action using the cell-free FRET assay,the thermal shift-binding assay,the cell lysate Protease-Glo luciferase assay,and the cell-based FlipGFP assay.Collectively,our results have shown that majority of the M^(pro) inhibitors identified from drug repurposing including ebselen,carmofur,disulfiram,and shikonin are promiscuous cysteine inhibitors that are not specific to M^(pro),while chloroquine,oxytetracycline,montelukast,candesartan,and dipyridamole do not inhibit M^(pro) in any of the assays tested.Overall,our study highlights the need of stringent hit validation at the early stage of drug discovery. | Chunlong Ma Haozhou Tan Juliana Choza Yuyin Wang Jun Wang | 2022 | Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B2022，12，4： | 3 |
| 6 | Comparisons of blood biochemical parameters,digestive enzyme activities and volatile fatty acid profile between Meishan and Yorkshire piglets显示文摘This study was conducted to compare physiological characteristics between Meishan and Yorkshire piglets in their early lives. Six healthy purebred Meishan sows and Yorkshire sows with close farrowing dates were used in this research. The piglets sucked their respective sow’s milk for 14 days, then they were slaughtered to collect samples of blood, pancreas, contents of stomach, jejunum, cecum, colon as well as feces for analysis of blood biochemical parameters, digestive enzymes, and volatile fatty acid(VFA). The results showed that Yorkshire piglets had higher concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) and total cholesterol(TC)(P < 0.05). Gastric lipase activity was higher in Meishan piglets but Yorkshire piglets had higher lactase activity(P < 0.05). The total VFA together with acetate and propionate in cecum and colon were higher in Meishan piglets than in Yorkshire piglets(P < 0.05),but acetate in jejunum and ratio of acetate to propionate in colon were lower in Meishan piglets than in Yorkshire piglets(P < 0.05). In conclusion, in early suckling period, significant differences exist in host metabolism and intestinal microbial metabolism between Meishan and Yorkshire piglets. | Shouqing Ma Meilei Ma Chunlong Mu Kaifan Yu Weiyun Zhu | 2015 | Animal Nutrition2015，，4： | 2 |
| 7 | On the measurements of individual particle properties via compression and crushing显示文摘An experimental study is presented to measure the elastic,yielding,and crushing properties of individual particles under compression using substrates made of aluminum alloy,stainless steel,and sapphire.Carefully selected,highly spherical individual Ottawa sand particles of 0.75e1.1 mm in nominal diameter were compressed between two smooth substrates,and the loadedeformation curves were analyzed by Hertz elastic contact theory to derive their reduced modulus and Young’s modulus as well as yielding and crushing strengths,which vary significantly with the type of substrate materials.Further analysis of the yielding and plastic deformation at the particle-substrate contact shows that the yield strength or hardness of the substrate materials dominates the local contact behavior and hence affects the measured apparent yielding and crushing strengths.The two softer substrates(aluminum alloy and stainless steel)actually lead to underestimated apparent shear yield strengths of quartz particles by 60.4%and 54.2%,respectively,which are actually the yielding of substrates,while the true particle yielding occurs in the sapphire-particle contact.Moreover,the two softer substrates cause much overestimated crushing strengths of the quartz particles by 50.4%and 36.4%,respectively.Selection of inappropriate substrate materials and inappropriate interpretation of the particle-substrate contact can lead to significant errors in the measured yielding and crushing strengths.It is recommended that single particle compression testing uses substrates with yield strength greater than that of the tested particles and result interpretation also considers the elastic and yielding behaviors of the substrates. | Chunlong Liu Fengyin Liu Jinliang Song Fuli Ma Dongfang Wang Guoping Zhang | 2021 | Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering2021，13，2： | 1 |
| 8 | A Dynamic Maintenance Strategy for Multi-Component Systems Using a Genetic Algorithm显示文摘In multi-component systems,the components are dependent,rather than degenerating independently,leading to changes inmaintenance schedules.In this situation,this study proposes a grouping dynamicmaintenance strategy.Considering the structure of multi-component systems,the maintenance strategy is determined according to the importance of the components.The strategy can minimize the expected depreciation cost of the system and divide the system into optimal groups that meet economic requirements.First,multi-component models are grouped.Then,a failure probability model of multi-component systems is established.The maintenance parameters in each maintenance cycle are updated according to the failure probability of the components.Second,the component importance indicator is introduced into the grouping model,and the optimization model,which aimed at a maximum economic profit,is established.A genetic algorithm is used to solve the non-deterministic polynomial(NP)-complete problem in the optimization model,and the optimal grouping is obtained through the initial grouping determined by random allocation.An 11-component series and parallel system is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy,and the influence of the system structure and the parameters on the maintenance strategy is discussed. | Dongyan Shi Hui Ma Chunlong Ma | 2023 | Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences2023，，3： | 0 |
| 9 | Chassis tra fficability simulation and experiment of a LY1352JP forest tracked vehicle显示文摘Based on the analysis of complex terrains and current forest transportation equipment,a forest tracked vehicle prototype LY1352 JP was developed.The road model and the virtual prototype of the chassis were constructed using dynamic simulation software RecurDyn.The optimal tension of the vehicle as well as its capabilities for crossing trenches,climbing vertical walls,uphill and downhill slopes were simulated.The simulation results showed that the optimum tension force of the chassis of the vehicle was 63 kN(kilonewton),accounting for 45%of the total vehicle weight.The maximum trench crossing width and vertical obstacle climbing height were 1.35 m and 0.45 m,respectively.The maximum uphill and downhill angles were 50°and 45°,respectively.Tests on the prototype capacity for crossing trenches,and uphill and downhill driving were carried out.The test results were in agreement with the simulation results.A cross-country performance of a fire truck based on the tracked vehicle chassis was conducted in an old-growth forest.Tests verified that the vehicle has a strong forest trafficability performance and can meet the needs for forest transportation. | Shufa Sun Jinfeng Wu Chunlong Ren Hualin Tang Jianwei Chen Wenliang Ma Jiangwei Chu | 2021 | Journal of Forestry Research2021，32，3： | 0 |
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