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| 1 | Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the rectum: An update and implications for treatment显示文摘AIM: To provide an update on the aetiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, staging and management of rectal squamous cell carcinoma(SCC).METHODS: A systematic review was conducted according to the preferred reporting items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A comprehensive search of Ovid MEDLINE was performed with the reference list of selected articles reviewed to ensure all relevant publications were captured. The search strategy was limited to the English language, spanning from 1946 to 2015. A qualitative analysis was undertaken examining patient demographics, clinical presentation, diagnosis, staging, treatment and outcome. The quantitaive analysis was limited to data extracted on treatment and outcomes including radiological, clinical and pathological complete response where available. The narrative and quantitative review were synthesised in concert.RESULTS: The search identified 487 articles in total with 79 included in the qualitative review. The quantitative analysis involved 63 articles, consisting of 43 case reports and 20 case series with a total of 142 individual cases. The underlying pathogenesis of rectal SCC while unclear, continues to be defined, with increasing evidence of a metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence and a possible role for human papilloma virus in this progression. The presentation is similar to rectal adenocarcinoma, with a diagnosis confirmed by endoscopic biopsy. Many presumed rectal SCC's are in fact an extension of an anal SCC, and cytokeratin markers are a useful adjunct in this distinction. Staging is most accurately reflected by the tumour-nodemetastasis classification for rectal adenocarcinoma. It involves examining locoregional disease by way of magnetic resonance imaging and/or endorectal ultrasound, with systemic spread excluded by way of computed tomography. Positron emission tomography is integral in the workup to exclude an external siteof primary SCC with metastasis to the rectum. While the optimal treatment remains as yet undefined, recent studies have demonstrated a global shift away from surgery towards definitive chemoradiotherapy as primary treatment. Pooled overall survival was calculated to be 86% in patients managed with chemoradiation compared with 48% for those treated traditionally with surgery. Furthermore, local recurrence and metastatic rates were 25% vs 10% and 30% vs 13% for the chemoradiation vs conventional treatment cohorts.CONCLUSION: The changing paradigm in the treatment of rectal SCC holds great promise for improved outcomes in this rare disease. | Glen R Guerra Cherng H Kong Satish K Warrier Andrew C Lynch Alexander G Heriot Samuel Y Ngan | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2016，8，3： | 5 |
| 2 | Endoscopic treatment modalities and outcomes in nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding显示文摘BACKGROUND In nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding(NVUGIB),the optimal volume of adrenaline,the optimal number of hemoclips,and the application of thermal coagulation in determining patient outcomes have not been well studied.AIM To demonstrate a dose-response relationship between the commonly used endoscopic modalities for the treatment of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding and various clinical outcomes.METHODS Patients presenting with NVUGIB were retrospectively identified and analyzed.These patients were stratified as follows:(1)>10 mL of adrenaline injected vs≤10 mL;(2)>1 hemoclip placed vs≤1 hemoclip;(3)Heater probe used or not;and(4)>2 treatment modalities used vs≤2.The primary outcomes were rebleeding and the need for repeat endoscopy.The secondary outcomes were the need for surgery,required transfusions,length of hospital stay,death during the same admission period and 30 d mortality.Patients with NVUGIB who required endoscopic therapy were included.Those who did not require endoscopic therapy or were initially treated with surgery or embolization were excluded.RESULTS In all,501 patients with NVUGIB were treated.One hundred sixty-one(32.1%)patients needed endoscopic therapy.The injection of<10 mL of adrenaline was associated with less rebleeding(P<0.0001),the need for repeat endoscopy(P=0.001)and a decreased length of hospital stay(P=0.026).The use of>2 treatment modalities were associated with increased rebleeding(P=0.009)and the need for repeat endoscopy(P=0.048).The placement of>1 hemoclip was associated with a decreased length of hospital stay(P=0.044).The rates of surgery and death were low,and there were no other significant differences between the patient groups.CONCLUSION The more restrictive use of adrenaline and number of endoscopic modalities to treat NVUGIB with the more liberal use of hemoclips was associated with better patient outcomes. | Benjamin Cherng Hann Yip Hossain Sayeed Sajjad Jie-Xun Wang Constantinos P Anastassiades | 2020 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2020，12，2： | 2 |
| 3 | Glutamate release and neurologic impairment after intrathecal administration of lidocaine and bupivacaine in the rat显示文摘 | Cherng CH Wong CS Wu CT | | 0，，05： | 1 |
| 4 | Asequiterpene lactone,phenyl and biphenyl compounds from Antrodia cinnamomea显示文摘 | Wu Dengpei Cherng I W | 1995 | Phytochemistry1995，39，3： | 1 |
| 5 | Epidural fentanyl speeds the onset of sensory and motor blocks during epidural ropivacaine anesthesia 显示文摘 | Cherng CH Yang CP Wong CS | 2005 | Anesth Analg2005，101，6： | 1 |
| 6 | A new process capability index for non-normal distributions显示文摘 | Jann Pygn Chen Cherng G Ding | 2001 | International Journal of Qualily &Reliability Management2001，18，7： | 1 |
| 7 | A Study of the Enhancement of Service Quality and Satisfaction by Taiwan MICE Service project显示文摘 | Hui Chiu Chen Cherng Ying Chiou Chun Yuan Yeh Hui Ling Lai | 2012 | Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences2012，68，40： | 1 |
| 8 | Late-outgrowth endothelial cells attenuate intimal hyperplasia contributed by mesenchymal stem cells after vascular injury 显示文摘 | Wang CH Cherng WJ Yang NI | 2008 | Arterioseler Thromb Vasc Biol2008，28，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Improved lung function after thoraco- centesis in patients with paradoxical movement of a hemidiaphragm sec- ondary to a large pleural effusion 显示文摘 | Wang LM Cherng JM Wang JS | 2007 | Respimlogy2007，22，5： | 1 |
| 10 | Machining characteristics of titanium alloy ( Ti - 6Al - 4V) using a combination process of EDM with USM 显示文摘 | Lin Yan Cherng Yan Biing Hwa Chang Yong Song | 2000 | Journal of Materials Processing Technology2000，104，8： | 1 |
| 11 | Effects of emulsification variables on fuel properties of two-and three-phase biodiesel emulsions显示文摘 | Lin Cherng - Yuan Lin Shiou - An | 2007 | Fuel2007，86，： | 1 |
| 12 | A Novel Oncogenic Role of Inositol Phosphatase SHIP2 in ER‐Negative Breast Cancer Stem Cells: Involvement of JNK/Vimentin Activation显示文摘 | Chiung‐Hui Fu Ruey‐Jen Lin John Yu Wen‐Wei Chang Guo‐Shiou Liao Wen‐Ying Chang Ling‐Ming Tseng Yi‐Fang Tsai Jyh‐Cherng Yu Alice L. Yu | 2014 | Stem Cells2014，，8： | 1 |
| 13 | Microstructure and corrosion resistance of the layers formed on the surface of precipitation hardenable plastic mold steel by plasma-nitriding显示文摘 | Dong Cherng Wen | 2009 | Applied Surface Science2009，256，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Development of morphology in latex particles:the interplay between thermodynamic and kinetic parameters显示文摘 | Yi Cherng Chen Victoria L Dimonie Olga L Shaffer | 1993 | Polymer International1993，30，2： | 1 |
| 15 | Effect of DNA topology on the transfection efficiency of poly-plasmid complexes显示文摘 | Cherng JY Schuurmans NM Jiskoot W | 1999 | J Control Release1999，60，： | 1 |
| 16 | Effects of emulsification variables on fuel properties of two - and three - phase biodiesel emulsions显示文摘 | Cherng - Yuan Lin Shiou - An Lin | 2007 | Fuel2007，86，： | 1 |
| 17 | Antioxidant properties of aqueous extracts from Terminalia catappa leaves 显示文摘 | Chyau Charng- Cherng Ko Pei - Tzu Mau Jeng- Leun | 2006 | LWT- Food Science and Technology2006，39，10： | 1 |
| 18 | Immunomodulatory activities of common vegetables and spices of Umbelliferae and its related coumarins and flavonoids显示文摘 | Cherng J Chiang W Chiang L | 2008 | Food Chemistry2008，106，3： | 1 |
| 19 | Vitamin D(3) attenuates 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity in rats显示文摘 | Wang JY Wu JN Cherng TL | 2001 | Brain Res2001，904，： | 1 |
| 20 | Theoretical aspects of developing latex particle morphology 显示文摘 | Chen Yi Cherng Dimonie Victoria S El Aasser Mohamed | 1992 | Pure and Applied Chemistry1992，64，16： | 1 |
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