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| 1 | Evidence for a mouse origin of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant显示文摘The rapid accumulation of mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant that enabled its outbreak raises questions as to whether its proximal origin occurred in humans or another mammalian host. Here, we identified 45 point mutations that Omicron acquired since divergence from the B.1.1 lineage. We found that the Omicron spike protein sequence was subjected to stronger positive selection than that of any reported SARS-CoV-2 variants known to evolve persistently in human hosts, suggesting a possibility of hostjumping. The molecular spectrum of mutations(i.e., the relative frequency of the 12 types of base substitutions) acquired by the progenitor of Omicron was significantly different from the spectrum for viruses that evolved in human patients but resembled the spectra associated with virus evolution in a mouse cellular environment. Furthermore, mutations in the Omicron spike protein significantly overlapped with SARS-CoV-2 mutations known to promote adaptation to mouse hosts, particularly through enhanced spike protein binding affinity for the mouse cell entry receptor. Collectively, our results suggest that the progenitor of Omicron jumped from humans to mice, rapidly accumulated mutations conducive to infecting that host,then jumped back into humans, indicating an inter-species evolutionary trajectory for the Omicron outbreak. | Changshuo Wei Ke-Jia Shan Weiguang Wang Shuya Zhang Qing Huan Wenfeng Qian | 2021 | Journal of Genetics and Genomics2021，48，12： | 16 |
| 2 | The Ghd7 transcription factor represses ARE1 expression to enhance nitrogen utilization and grain yield in rice显示文摘The genetic improvement of nitrogen use efficiency(NUE)of crops is vital for grain productivity and sustainable agriculture.However,the regulatory mechanism of NUE remains largely elusive.Here,we report that the rice Grain number,plant height,and heading date7(Ghd7)gene genetically acts upstream of ABC1 REPRESSOR1(ARE1),a negative regulator of NUE,to positively regulate nitrogen utilization.As a transcriptional repressor,Ghd7 directly binds to two Evening Element-like motifs in the promoter and intron 1 of ARE1,likely in a cooperative manner,to repress its expression.Ghd7 and ARE1 display diurnal expression patterns in an inverse oscillation manner,mirroring a regulatory scheme based on these two loci.Analysis of a panel of 2656 rice varieties suggests that the elite alleles of Ghd7 and ARE1 have undergone diversifying selection during breeding.Moreover,the allelic distribution of Ghd7 and ARE1 is associated with the soil nitrogen deposition rate in East Asia and South Asia.Remarkably,the combination of the Ghd7 and ARE1 elite alleles substantially improves NUE and yield performance under nitrogen-limiting conditions.Collectively,these results define a Ghd7–ARE1-based regulatory mechanism of nitrogen utilization,providing useful targets for genetic improvement of rice NUE. | Qing Wang Qingmei Su Jinqiang Nian Jian Zhang Meng Guo Guojun Dong Jiang Hu Rongsheng Wang Changshuo Wei Guanwen Li Wan Wang Hui-Shan Guo Shaoyang Lin Wenfeng Qian XianzhiXie Qian Qian Fan Chen Jianru Zuo | 2021 | Molecular Plant2021，14，6： | 10 |
| 3 | Host-specific asymmetric accumulation of mutation types reveals that the origin of SARS-CoV-2 is consistent with a natural process显示文摘The capacity of RNA viruses to adapt to new hosts and rapidly escape the host immune system is largely attributable to de novo genetic diversity that emerges through mutations in RNA.Although the molecular spectrum of de novo mutations—the relative rates at which various base substitutions occur—are widely recognized as informative toward understanding the evolution of a viral genome,little attention has been paid to the possibility of using molecular spectra to infer the host origins of a virus.Here,we characterize the molecular spectrum of de novo mutations for SARS-CoV-2 from transcriptomic data obtained from virus-infected cell lines,enabled by the use of sporadic junctions formed during discontinuous transcription as molecular barcodes.We find that de novo mutations are generated in a replication-independent manner,typically on the genomic strand,and highly dependent on mutagenic mechanisms specific to the host cellular environment.De novo mutations will then strongly influence the types of base substitutions accumulated during SARS-CoV-2 evolution,in an asymmetric manner favoring specific mutation types.Consequently,similarities between the mutation spectra of SARS-CoV-2 and the bat coronavirus RaTG13,which have accumulated since their divergence strongly suggest that SARS-CoV-2 evolved in a host cellular environment highly similar to that of bats before its zoonotic transfer into humans.Collectively,our findings provide data-driven support for the natural origin of SARS-CoV-2. | Ke-Jia Shan Changshuo Wei Yu Wang Qing Huan Wenfeng Qian | 2021 | The Innovation2021，2，4： | 6 |
| 4 | Selective adsorption-involved formation of NMC532/PANI microparticles with high ageing resistance and improved electrochemical performance显示文摘Surface modification offers an alternative strategy to improve both ageing resistance and electrochemical performance of cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries.From the viewpoint of real application,surface modification of the cathode materials should be designed with scientificity,effectiveness,low cost,less Li+leaching,and remained tap density.In this contribution,a selective adsorption-involved in-situ growth of polyaniline(PANI)nanoparticles on LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(0.3)Co_(0.2)O_(2)(NMC532)has been designed through a room-temperature-and-pressure chemical vapor deposition technique.The selective growth of PANTI on NMC532 is based on theoretical computation results that multivalent Ni,Mn,and Co are capable of specifically conjugating and activating aniline molecules and,hence,initiating in-situ oxidation polymerization.With only trace amount of aniline monomer,the resulting PANI nanoparticles-inlaid NMC532 microparticles can endure four-month ageing in ambient atmosphere and exhibit improved electrochemical performance at both room temperature and 55℃ compared with pristine NMC532.The improved electrochemical performance of NMC532/PANI is attributed to the enhanced structural stability of NMC532 and inhibited side reactions related to Li_(2)CO_(3) formation,PVDF degradation,electrolyte decomposition,and transition-metal dissolution,owing to PANI modification. | Mingchuan Shao Changshuo Shang Fengxiang Zhang Zhen Xu Wei Hu Qingqing Lu Ligang Gai | 2021 | Journal of Energy Chemistry2021，30，3： | 1 |
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