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| 1 | Non invasive blood flow measurement in cerebellum detects minimal hepatic encephalopathy earlier than psychometric tests显示文摘AIM: To assess whether non invasive blood flow measurement by arterial spin labeling in several brain regions detects minimal hepatic encephalopathy. METHODS: Blood flow(BF) was analyzed by arterial spin labeling(ASL) in different brain areas of 14 controls, 24 cirrhotic patients without and 16 cirrhotic patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy(MHE). Images were collected using a 3 Tesla MR scanner(Achieva 3T-TX, Philips, Netherlands). Pulsed ASL was performed. Patients showing MHE were detected using the battery Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score(PHES) consisting of five tests. Different cognitive and motor functions were also assessed: alterations in selective attention were evaluated using the Stroop test. Patients and controls also performed visuo-motor and bimanual coordination tests. Several biochemical parameters were measured: serum pro-inflammatory interleukins(IL-6 and IL-18), 3-nitrotyrosine, cGMP and nitrates+nitrites in plasma, and blood ammonia. Bivariate correlations were evaluated.RESULTS: In patients with MHE, BF was increased in cerebellar hemisphere(P = 0.03) and vermis(P = 0.012) and reduced in occipital lobe(P = 0.017). BF in cerebellar hemisphere was also increased in patients without MHE(P = 0.02). Bimanual coordination was impaired in patients without MHE(P = 0.05) and much more in patients with MHE(P < 0.0001). Visuo-motor coordination was impaired only in patients with MHE(P < 0.0001). Attention was slightly affected in patients without MHE and more strongly in patients with MHE(P< 0.0001). BF in cerebellar hemisphere and vermis correlated with performance in most tests of PHES [(number connection tests A(NCT-A), B(NCT-B)and line tracing test] and in the congruent task of Stroop test. BF in frontal lobe correlated with NCT-A. Performance in bimanual and visuomotor coordination tests correlated only with BF in cerebellar hemisphere. BF in occipital lobe correlates with performance in the PHES battery and with CFF. BF in cerebellar hemisphere correlates with plasma cGMP and nitric oxide(NO) metabolites. BF in vermis cerebellar also correlates with NO metabolites and with 3-nitrotyrosine. IL-18 in plasma correlates with BF in thalamus and occipital lobe.CONCLUSION: Non invasive BF determination in cerebellum using ASL may detect MHE earlier than the PHES. Altered NO-cGMP pathway seems to be associated to altered BF in cerebellum. | Vicente Felipo Amparo Urios Carla Giménez-Garzó Omar Cauli Maria-Jesús Andrés-Costa Olga González Miguel A Serra Javier Sánchez-González Roberto Aliaga Remedios Giner-Durán Vicente Belloch Carmina Montoliu | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，33： | 12 |
| 2 | Hyperammonemia increases GABAergic tone in the cerebellum but decreases it in the rat cortex 显示文摘 | Cauli O Mansouri MT Agusti A | 2009 | Gastroenterology2009，135，4： | 1 |
| 3 | Selective excitation of subtypes of neocortical interneurons by nicotinic receptors显示文摘 | Porter J T Cauli B Tsuzuki K | 1999 | J Neurosci1999，19，： | 1 |
| 4 | Brain Region-Selective Mechanisms Contribute to the Progression of Cerebral Alterations in Acute Liver Failure in Rats显示文摘 | Omar Cauli Pilar López–Larrubia Regina Rodrigo Ana Agusti Jordi Boix Laura Nieto–Charques Sebastián Cerdán Vicente Felipo | 2011 | Gastroenterology2011，，2： | 1 |
| 5 | Memantine presents different effects from MK-801 in motivational and physical signs of morphine withdrawal显示文摘 | Maldonado C Cauli O Rodr'iguez-Arias M | 2003 | Behav Brain Res2003，144，12： | 1 |
| 6 | Abnormalities of magnetic resonance imaging of the central nervous system in patients withsystemic lupus erythematosus correlate with disease severity显示文摘 | Cauli A Montaldo C Peltz M T | 1994 | Clin Rheumatol1994，13，4： | 1 |
| 7 | Hyperammonemia alters the modulation by different neurosteroids of the glutamate–nitric oxide–cyclic GMP pathway through NMDA‐ GABA<sub>A</sub>‐ or sigma receptors in cerebellum in vivo显示文摘 | Alba González‐Usano Omar Cauli Ana Agustí Vicente Felipo | 2013 | J Neurochem2013，，1： | 1 |
| 8 | 5-HT3 receptors mediate serotonergic fast synaptic excitation of neocortical vasoactive intestinal peptide/cholecystokinin interneurons 显示文摘 | Ferezou I Cauli B Hill L | 2002 | J Neurosci2002，22，17： | 1 |
| 9 | Molecular and physiological diversity of cortical nonpyramidal cells 显示文摘 | Cauli B Audinat E Lambolez B | 1997 | J Neurosci1997，17，10： | 1 |
| 10 | Brain cholinergic impairment in liver failure显示文摘 | Garci a2 Ayllo n MS Cauli O Silveyra MX | 2008 | Brain2008，，： | 1 |
| 11 | Acute liver failure-in- duced death of rats is delayed or prevented by blocking NMDA receptors in brain显示文摘 | Cauli O Rodrigo R Boix J | 2008 | Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol2008，295，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Subchronic intermittent caffeine administration to unilaterally 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats sensitizes turning behaviour in response to dopamine D1 but not D2 receptor agonists显示文摘 | Cauli O Pinna A Morelli M | 2005 | Behav Pharmacol2005，16，8： | 1 |
| 13 | VIP,CRF,and PACAP actat distinct receptors to elicit different cAMP/PKA dynam-ics in the neocortex显示文摘 | Hu E Demmou L Cauli al | 2011 | Cereb Cortex2011，21，： | 1 |
| 14 | Interleukin 6 and cognitive dys- function 显示文摘 | TRAPERO I CAULI O | 2014 | Metab Brain Dis2014，29，3： | 1 |
| 15 | Endogenous avidin-binding activity in epithelial cells of the ducts of human salivary glands显示文摘 | Cauli A Yanni G Panayi G S | 1994 | Clin Exp Rheumatol1994，12，： | 1 |
| 16 | Tile endogenous somnogen adenosine excites a subset of subset of sleep-promoting, neurons via A2A receptors in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus显示文摘 | GALLOPIN T LUPPI P H CAULI B | 2005 | Neuroscience2005，134，4： | 1 |
| 17 | Memantine presents different effects from MK-801 in motivational and physical signs of morphine withdrawal 显示文摘 | Maldonado C Cauli O Rodri guez-Arias M | 2003 | Behav Brain Res2003，144，12： | 1 |
| 18 | Expression of functional tyrosine kinase B receptors by rhythmically active respiratory neurons in the Pre-Botzinger complex of neonatal mice显示文摘 | Thoby-Brisson M Cauli B Champagnat J | 2003 | J Neurosci2003，23，： | 1 |
| 19 | Hyperammone- mia alters the modulation by different neurosteroids of the gluta- matenitrie oxide - cyclic GMP pathway through NMDA - GABAA -or sigma receptors in cerebellum in vivo显示文摘 | Gonz01ez - Usano A Cauli O Agustf A | 2013 | J Neu- rochem2013，125，： | 1 |
| 20 | Rational delays: the case of real estate 显示文摘 | Cauly S D Pavlov A | 2002 | Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics2002，24，： | 1 |
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