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1Laminarin and Laminarin Oligosaccharides Originating from Brown Algae:Preparation,Biological Activities,and Potential Applications显示文摘Brown algae is one of the three major types of marine algae and includes approximately 2000 species.It is widely dis-tributed in various seas around the world.Brown algae contain a plethora of active substances,such as polysaccharides,polyphe-nols,omega-3 fatty acids,and carotenoids.Laminarin,a type of storage carbohydrate found abundantly in brown algae,is mainly formed by glucose monomers linked byβ-1,3-glucosidic bonds and partialβ-1,6-glucosidic bonds.Laminarin and laminarin oligo-saccharides,which contain 2-10 saccharide units,have extensive biological activities,such as antitumor,antioxidant,anti-inflam-matory,and prebiotic properties.Moreover,both laminarin and laminarin oligosaccharides can be considered as ideal substrates for bioethanol production because they are composed of abundant glucose residues.Therefore,brown algae-derived laminarin and lami-narin oligosaccharides have various potential applications in the food,medicine,cosmetics,and bioenergy fields.This paper reviews the preparation methods of laminarin and laminarin oligosaccharides,as well as their biological activities and potential applications.HUANG Yi JIANG Hong MAO Xiangzhao CI Fangfang 2021Journal of Ocean University of China2021,20,3:3
2Several miRNAs derived from serum extracellular vesicles are potential biomarkers for early diagnosis and progression of Parkinson’s disease显示文摘Background:Blood-based test for predicting disease progression and early diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease(PD)is an unmet need in the clinic.The profiles of microRNAs(miRNAs)are regarded as potential diagnostic biomarkers for human diseases,whereas miRNAs in the periphery are susceptible to the influence of various components.MiRNAs enriched in serum extracellular vesicles(EVs)have demonstrated disease-specific advantages in diagnosis due to their high abundance,stability and resistance to degradation.This study was aimed to screen differentially expressed EV-derived miRNAs between healthy controls and PD patients to aid in diagnosis of PD.Methods:A total of 31 healthy controls and 72 patients with a diagnosis of PD at different Hoehn and Yahr stages in Tangdu Hospital were included.In total,185 differentially expressed miRNAs were obtained through RNA sequencing of serum EVs as well as edgeR and t-test analyses.Subsequently,the weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA)was utilized to identify the commonly expressed miRNAs in all stages of PD by constructing connections between modules,and specifically expressed miRNAs in each stage of PD by functional enrichment analysis.After aligning these miRNAs with PD-related miRNAs in Human miRNA Disease Database,the screened miRNAs were further validated by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)using peripheral blood EVs from 40 more participants.Results:WGCNA showed that 4 miRNAs were commonly associated with all stages of PD and 13 miRNAs were specifically associated with different stages of PD.Of the 17 obtained miRNAs,7 were validated by ROC curve analysis and 7 were verified in 40 more participants by qRT-PCR.Six miRNAs were verified by both methods,which included 2 miRNAs that were commonly expressed in all stages of PD and 4 miRNAs that were specifically expressed in different stages of PD.Conclusions:The 6 serum EV-derived miRNAs,hsa-miR-374a-5p,hsa-miR-374b-5p,hsa-miR-199a-3p,hsa-miR-28-5p,hsa-miR-22-5p and hsa-miR-151a-5p,may potentially be used as biomarkers for PD progression and for early diagnosis of PD in populations.Shulei He Lu Huang Ci Shao Tiejian Nie Li Xia Bozhou Cui Fangfang Lu Lin Zhu Bolin Chen Qian Yang 2021Translational Neurodegeneration2021,10,3:1
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