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| 1 | 疼痛新定义显示文摘1.前言
1979年,国际疼痛研究学会(IASP)将疼痛定义为"An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage,or described in terms of such damage"。 | Amanda C.de C.Williams Kenneth D.Craig 张钰 刘风雨 | 2016 | 中国疼痛医学杂志2016，22，11： | 60 |
| 2 | 牙周医学的历史、现状与未来展望显示文摘 | 金力坚 曹采方 Ray C.Williams | 2006 | 现代口腔医学杂志2006，20，3： | 12 |
| 3 | Predicting the mode of flow in pneumatic conveying systems—A review显示文摘An initial prediction of the particulate mode of flow in pneumatic conveying systems is beneficial as this knowledge can provide clearer direction to the pneumatic conveying design process.There are three general categories of modes of flow,two dense flows:fluidised dense phase and plug flow,and dilute phase only.Detailed in this paper is a review of the commonly used and available techniques for predicting mode of flow.Two types of predictive charts were defined:basic particle parameter based(e.g.particle size and density)and air-particle parameter based(e.g.permeability and de-aeration).The basic particle techniques were found to have strong and weak areas of predictive ability,on the basis of a comparison with data from materials with known mode of flow capability.It was found that there was only slight improvement in predictive ability when the particle density was replaced by loose-poured bulk density in the basic parameter techniques.The air-particle-parameter-based techniques also showed well-defined regions for mode of flow prediction though the data set used was smaller than that for the basic techniques.Also,it was found to be difficult to utilise de-aeration values from different researchers and subsequently,an air-particle-based technique was developed which does not require any deaeration parameter in its assessment. | Mark G.Jones Kenneth C.Williams | 2008 | Particuology2008，6，5： | 11 |
| 4 | Determination of slug permeability factor for pressure drop prediction of slug flow pneumatic conveying显示文摘Current models for pressure drop prediction of slug flow pneumatic conveying in a horizontal pipeline system assume some type of steady state conditions for prediction,which limits their capability for increased predictive accuracy relative to experimental data.This is partly because of the nature of slug flow pneumatic conveying system,which,as a dynamic system,never becomes stable.By utilising conservation of mass(airflow),a dynamic pressure analysis model is proposed on the basis of the derivative of the upstream pressure behaviour.The rate of air permeation through slug,one of the important factors in the conservation model,is expressed as a function of a slug permeability factor.Other factors such as slug velocity,slug length and the fraction of stationary layer were also considered.Several test materials were conveyed in single-slug tests to verify the proposed pressure drop model,showing good agreement between the model and experimental results. | Kenneth C.Williams Mark G.Jones Tobias Krull | 2008 | Particuology2008，6，5： | 8 |
| 5 | Particle shape characterisation and its application to discrete element modelling显示文摘Increasing importance has been placed on particle shape implementation within discrete element modelling(DEM) in order to more accurately reflect the non-spherical behaviour of the bulk material being handled. As computational resources grow, complex particle shapes are increasingly being modelled as the associated simulation times become more realistic to provide timely solutions. The objective of this research is to assess particle shape descriptors through a digital image segmentation technique, and to further implement particle shape parameters into generation of corresponding irregular shaped DEM particles. Separated and lumped particle images were analysed and reconstructed through the development of two distinct methodologies. Subsequently, various particle shape descriptors were obtained using combinations of image segmentation algorithms, including mathematical morphology processing,thresholding, edge detection, region growing, region splitting and region merging. DEM particles were subsequently created using particle shape results obtained above. Shape parameters of DEM particles were then examined and validated against the real particle shape parameters. | Kenneth C.Williams Wei Chen Sebastian Weeger Timothy J.Donohue | 2014 | Particuology2014，12，1： | 4 |
| 6 | Characterization of the gas pulse frequency,amplitude and velocity in non-steady dense phase pneumatic conveying of powders显示文摘Current modelling techniques for the prediction of conveying line pressure drop in low velocity dense phase pneumatic conveying are largely based on steady state analyses.Work in this area has been on-going for many years with only marginal improvements in the accuracy of prediction being achieved.Experimental and theoretical investigations undertaken by the authors suggest that the flow mechanisms involved in dense phase conveying are dominated by transient effects rather than those of steady state and are possibly the principal reasons for the limited improvement in accuracy.This paper reports on investigations on the pressure fluctuation behaviour in dense phase pneumatic conveying of powders.The pressure behaviour of the gas flow in the top section of the pipeline was found to exhibit pulsatile oscillations.In particular,the pulse velocity showed variation in magnitude while the frequency of the oscillations rarely exceeded 5 Hz.A wavelet analysis using the Daubechie 4 wavelet found that the amplitude of the oscillations increased along the pipeline.Furthermore,there was significant variation in gas pulse amplitude for different types of particulate material. | Kenneth C.Williams Mark G.Jones Ahmed A.Cenna | 2008 | Particuology2008，6，5： | 4 |
| 7 | Benchmarking two Saccharomyces cerevisiae laboratory strains for growth and transcriptional response to methanol显示文摘One-carbon compounds,such as methanol,are becoming potential alternatives to sugars as feedstocks for the biological production of chemicals,fuels,foods,and pharmaceuticals.Efficient biological production often requires extensive genetic manipulation of a microbial host strain,making well-characterised and geneticallytractable model organisms like the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae attractive targets for the engineering of methylotrophic metabolism.S.cerevisiae strains S288C and CEN.PK are the two best-characterised and most widely used hosts for yeast synthetic biology and metabolic engineering,yet they have unpredictable metabolic phenotypes related to their many genomic differences.We therefore sought to benchmark these two strains as potential hosts for engineered methylotrophic metabolism by comparing their growth and transcriptomic responses to methanol.CEN.PK had improved growth in the presence of methanol relative to the S288C derivative BY4741.The CEN.PK transcriptome also had a specific and relevant response to methanol that was either absent or less pronounced in the BY4741 strain.This response included up-regulation of genes associated with mitochondrial and peroxisomal metabolism,alcohol and formate dehydrogenation,glutathione metabolism,and the global transcriptional regulator of metabolism MIG3.Over-expression of MIG3 enabled improved growth in the presence of methanol,suggesting that MIG3 is a mediator of the superior CEN.PK strain growth.CEN.PK was therefore identified as a superior strain for the future development of synthetic methylotrophy in S.cerevisiae. | Monica I.Espinosa Thomas C.Williams Isak S.Pretorius Ian T.Paulsen | 2019 | Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology2019，4，4： | 2 |
| 8 | Skin delivery of oest radiol f rom lipid vesicles:importance of liposorne st ruct ure显示文摘 | Gamal M M El Maghraby Adrian C.Williams Brian W.Barry | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 9 | Are International Accounting Standards-based and US GAAP-based Accounting Amounts Comparable显示文摘 | Barth M W.Landsman M.Lang C.Williams | | 0，，01： | 1 |
| 10 | Protein modification by thermal processing显示文摘 | P. J.Davis S. C.Williams | 2008 | Allergy2008，，： | 1 |
| 11 | Skin hydration and possible shunt route penetration in controlled estradiol delivery from ultradeformable and standard liposomes显示文摘 | Gamal M. M. ElMaghraby Adrian C.Williams Brian W.Barry | 2010 | Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology2010，，10： | 1 |
| 12 | A vaccination model for COVID-19 in Gauteng,South Africa显示文摘The COVID-19 pandemic provides an opportunity to explore the impact of government mandates on movement restrictions and non-pharmaceutical interventions on a novel infection,and we investigate these strategies in early-stage outbreak dynamics.The rate of disease spread in South Africa varied over time as individuals changed behavior in response to the ongoing pandemic and to changing government policies.Using a system of ordinary differential equations,we model the outbreak in the province of Gauteng,assuming that several parameters vary over time.Analyzing data from the time period before vaccination gives the approximate dates of parameter changes,and those dates are linked to government policies.Unknown parameters are then estimated from available case data and used to assess the impact of each policy.Looking forward in time,possible scenarios give projections involving the implementation of two different vaccines at varying times.Our results quantify the impact of different government policies and demonstrate how vaccinations can alter infection spread. | Christina J.Edholm Benjamin Levy Lee Spence Folashade B.Agusto Faraimunashe Chirove C.Williams Chukwu David Goldsman Moatlhodi Kgosimore Innocent Maposa K.A.Jane White Suzanne Lenhart | 2022 | Infectious Disease Modelling2022，7，3： | 0 |
| 13 | A qualitative study on the pulsatile flow phenomenon in a dense fly ash pneumatic conveyor显示文摘Understanding of the dynamic particulate flow structures within a dense gas-fly ash pneumatic conveyor must be improved in order to better aid its design guidance.The complex pulsatile movement of the gas-fly ash mixture dominates the flow performance within the pipeline,and historically,non-invasive measurement devices such as the electrical capacitance tomography(ECT) were often used to sufficiently capture the flow dynamics.However,inadequate studies have been conducted on the pulsatile flow phenomenon,which directly relate to the gas-fly ash two-phase flow performance.This paper aims to investigate the pulsatile flows using an ECT device.Initially,pulsatile flow patterns under various experimental conditions were obtained through ECT.Pulses within a flow were then characterised into pulse growth and decay segments,which represent the superficial fluidisation and deaeration processes during conveying.Subsequently,structural and statistical analyses were performed on the pulse growth and decay segments.Results suggested that the increasing air mass flow rate led to the decrease of the superficial fluidisation/deaeration magnitude,however,the increase of the superficial fluidisation/deaeration durations.Also,the air mass flow rate was indicated as the dominant factor in determining the pulsing statistical parameters.This research provides fundamental insights for further modelling the dense fly ash pneumatic flows. | Wei Chen Kenneth C.Williams Isabel Jabs Mark G.Jones | 2014 | Particuology2014，12，6： | 0 |
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