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| 1 | The contribution of microorganisms and metazoans to mineral nutrition in bromeliads显示文摘Aims One critical challenge for plants is to maintain an adequate nutrient supply under fluctuating environmental conditions.This is particularly true for epiphytic species that have limited or no access to the pedosphere and often live in harsh climates.Bromeliads have evolved key innovations such as epiphytism,water-absorbing leaf trichomes,tank habit and Crassulacean acid metabolism(CAM)photosynthesis that enable them to survive under various environmental conditions.Bromeliads encompass diverse ecological types that live on different substrates(they can be terrestrial,epilithic or epiphytic)and vary in their ability to retain water(they can be tank-forming or tankless)and photosynthetic pathway(i.e.C3 or CAM).In this review,we outline the nutritional modes and specializations that enable bromeliads to thrive in a wide range of nutrient-poor(mostly nitrogen-depleted)environments.Important FindingsBromeliads have evolved a great diversity of morphologies and functional adaptations leading to the existence of numerous nutritional modes.Focusing on species that have absorptive foliar trichomes,we review evidence that bromeliads have evolved multi-faceted nutritional strategies to respond to fluctuations in the supply of natural nitrogen(N).These plants have developed mutualistic associations with many different and functionally diverse terrestrial and aquatic microorganisms and metazoans that contribute substantially to their mineral nutrition and,thus,their fitness and survival.Bacterial and fungal microbiota-assisted N provisioning,protocarnivory,digestive mutualisms and myrmecotrophic pathways are the main strategies used by bromeliads to acquire nitrogen.The combination of different nutritional pathways in bromeliads represents an important adaptation enabling them to exploit nutrient-poor habitats.Nonetheless,as has been shown for several other vascular plants,multiple partners are involved in nutrient acquisition indicating that there have been convergent adaptations to nutrient scarcity.Finally,we point out some gaps in the current knowledge of bromeliad nutrition that offer fascinating research opportunities. | Céline Leroy Jean-François Carrias Régis Céréghino Bruno Corbara | 2016 | Journal of Plant Ecology2016，9，3： | 2 |
| 2 | Traits allowing some ant species to nest syntopically with the fire ant Solenopsis saevissima in its native range显示文摘红火蚂蚁 Solenopsis saevissima (史密斯) 的 Supercolonies 在扰乱的环境发展并且多半在种类的本国的范围改变蚂蚁社区。例如,在法语的奎亚那, 8 仅仅蚂蚁种类反复作为在靠近的附近嵌套到它的墩被注意。这里,如果生物、生态、行为的特点的一个分享的集合可能解释怎么,我们验证了这 8 种类能面对 S 嵌套。saevissima。我们没发现这是盒子。然而,我们确实发现所有他们能住在扰乱的产地。它是可能的在进化的功课上这些中的每获得的种类与 S syntopically 住在一起的能力。,通过它的自己的 saevissima 特点设定殖民地尺寸(4 种类开发大殖民地) ,不触发攻击性(6 种类) 的表皮的混合物和服从的行为(4 种类) 补充对方。 | Alain Dejean Bruno Corbara Regis Cereghino Maurice Leponce Olivier Roux Vivien Rossi Jacques H. C. Delabie Arthur Compin | 2015 | Insect Science2015，22，2： | 1 |
| 3 | An uneasy alliance:a nesting association between aggressive ants and equally fierce social wasps显示文摘Although the Neotropical territorially dominant arboreal ant Azteca chartifex Forel is very aggressive towards any intruder,its populous colonies tolerate the close presence of the fierce polistine wasp Polybia rejecta(F.).In French Guiana,83.33%of the 48 P.rejecta nests recorded were found side by side with those of A.chartifex.This nesting association results in mutual protection from predators(i.e.,the wasps protected from army ants;the ants protected from birds).We conducted field studies,laboratorybased behavioral experiments and chemical analyses to elucidate the mechanisms allowing the persistence of this association.Due to differences in the cuticular profiles of the two species,we eliminated the possibility of chemical mimicry.Also,analyses of the carton nests did not reveal traces of marking on the envelopes.Because ant forager flows were not perturbed by extracts from the wasps’Dufour’s and venom glands,we rejected any hypothetical action of repulsive chemicals.Nevertheless,we noted that the wasps'scraped'the surface of the upper part of their nest envelope using their mandibles,likely removing the ants'scent trails,and an experiment showed that ant foragers were perturbed by the removal of their scent trails.This leads us to use the term'erasure hypothesis.'Thus,this nesting association persists thanks to a relative tolerance by the ants towards wasp presence and the behavior of the wasps that allows them to'contain'their associated ants through the elimination of their scent trails,direct attacks,'wing-buzzing'behavior and ejecting the ants. | Pablo Servigne Jerome Orivel Frederic Azemar James Carpenter Alain Dejean Bruno Corbara | 2020 | Insect Science2020，27，1： | 0 |
| 4 | The dynamics of ant mosaics in tropical rainforests characterized using the Self-Organizing Map algorithm显示文摘蚂蚁,在在热带雨林的华盖住所动物之中的最丰富的 taxa,被其领土在一个马赛克模式(树木的蚂蚁马赛克) 分布式的领土地主导的树木的蚂蚁(TDA ) 主要代表。大 TDA 殖民地调整昆虫草食动物,与为林地和农学的含意。什么产生这些马赛克在里面植物的形成,动态,仍然,更好的需要理解。那么,从实验研究基于 3 喀麦隆人树种类(Lophira alata, Ochnaceae;Anthocleista vogelii, Gentianaceae;并且 Barteria fistulosa, Passifloraceae ) ,我们使用了自我组织的地图(SOM,神经网络) 成长作为他们的主人树说明 TDA 的继任并且变老。SOM 为 L 由种类并且由尺寸分开了树。alata,它能在高度到达 60 m 并且生活几个世纪。到成熟的树的从树苗的 TDA 的 ontogenic 继任被显示出,并且一些生态的特点为某些 TDA 被加亮。另外,因为 SOM 在全面 scatterplot 分布上没有孤立点的效果与许多零允许数据的分析,我们在稀罕种类上获得了生态的信息。最后,当同种的种类能有很不同的生态的壁龛, SOM 允许我们证明功能的组不能在类水平被选择,为 Crematogaster spp 特别地真的一些东西,它包括明确地与 B 联系的种。fistulosa, nondominant 种类和 TDA。因此, SOM 允许在 TDA 和他们的成长主人树之间的复杂关系被分析,当也在包含的蚂蚁种类的生态的特点上提供新信息时。 | Alain Dejean Frederic Azemar Regis Cereghino Maurice Leponce Bruno Corbara Jereme Orivel Arthur Compin | 2016 | Insect Science2016，23，4： | 0 |
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