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| 1 | Systematic review and meta-analysis of esophageal cancer in Africa:Epidemiology, risk factors, management and outcomes显示文摘BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer(EC)is associated with a poor prognosis,particularly so in Africa where an alarmingly high mortality to incidence ratio prevails for this disease.AIM To provide further understanding of EC in the context of the unique cultural and genetic diversity,and socio-economic challenges faced on the African continent.METHODS We performed a systematic review of studies from Africa to obtain data on epidemiology,risk factors,management and outcomes of EC.A non-systematic review was used to obtain incidence data from the International Agency for Research on Cancer,and the Cancer in Sub-Saharan reports.We searched EMBASE,PubMed,Web of Science,and Cochrane Central from inception to March 2019 and reviewed the list of articles retrieved.Random effects metaanalyses were used to assess heterogeneity between studies and to obtain odds ratio(OR)of the associations between EC and risk factors;and incidence rate ratios for EC between sexes with their respective 95%confidence intervals(CI).RESULTS The incidence of EC is higher in males than females,except in North Africa where it is similar for both sexes.The highest age-standardized rate is from Malawi(30.3 and 19.4 cases/year/100000 population for males and females,respectively)followed by Kenya(28.7 cases/year/100000 population for both sexes).The incidence of EC rises sharply after the age of 40 years and reaches a peak at 75 years old.Meta-analysis shows a strong association with tobacco(OR 3.15,95%CI:2.83-3.50).There was significant heterogeneity between studies on alcohol consumption(OR 2.28,95%CI:1.94-2.65)and on low socioeconomic status(OR 139,95%CI:1.25-1.54)as risk factors,but these could also contribute to increasing the incidence of EC.The best treatment outcomes were with esophagectomy with survival rates of 76.6%at 3 years,and chemo-radiotherapy with an overall combined survival time of 267.50 d.CONCLUSION Africa has high incidence and mortality rates of EC,with preventable and nonmodifiable risk factors.Men in this setting are at increased risk due to their higher prevalence of tobacco and alcohol consumption.Management requires a multidisciplinary approach,and survival is significantly improved in the setting of esophagectomy and chemoradiation therapy. | Akwi W Asombang Nathaniel Chishinga Alick Nkhoma Jackson Chipaila Bright Nsokolo Martha Manda-Mapalo Joao Filipe G Montiero Lewis Banda Kulwinder S Dua | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，31： | 9 |
| 2 | Synthesis,in vivo activity of novel 9-deoxo-9a-aza-homoerythromycin A derivatives; A new class of macrolide antibiotics,the azalides显示文摘 | Nagel A A Bordnor J | 1988 | J Antibiot1988，41，8： | 1 |
| 3 | Machine vision and intelligence incorporating motion control显示文摘 | Jennings R B Bright G | 1999 | Assembly Automation1999，19，1： | 1 |
| 4 | Thermodynamic study on the effects of B-cyclodextrin inclusion with anilino-naphthalene sulfonates显示文摘 | Catena G C Bright F V | 1989 | Anal Chem1989，61，： | 1 |
| 5 | Thermodynamic study on the effectsof beta-cyclodextrin inclusion with anilinonaphthalenesulfonates 显示文摘 | CATENA G C BRIGHT F V | 1989 | Analytical Chemistry1989，61，8： | 1 |
| 6 | SDPR induces membrane curvature and functions in the formation of caveolae显示文摘 | Hansen CG Bright NA Howard G | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 7 | Cellulose crystallinity change assessment of biochar produced by pyrolysis of coir pith显示文摘 | Rojith G Bright S I | 2012 | Research Journal of Recent Sciences2012，，2： | 1 |
| 8 | An automated apparatus for dy- namic inspection of mass-produced custom parts显示文摘 | DAVRAJH S BRIGHT G | 2010 | Assemly Automation2010，30，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Thermodynamic study on the effects of beta - cyclodextrin inclusion with anilinonaphtha- lenesulfonates 显示文摘 | G C Catena F V Bright | 1989 | Analytical Chemistry1989，61，8： | 1 |
| 10 | Making sense of graphs:Critical factors influencing comprehension and instruction implica-tions显示文摘 | Curcio F R Bright G W | 2001 | Journal for Research in Mathematics Education2001，32，2： | 1 |
| 11 | Fabrication of SiCN ceramic MEMS using injectable polymer-precursor technique显示文摘 | Liew L A Zhang W G Bright V M | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 12 | Synergistic Action between Aryl Phosphates and Phenolic Resin in PBT 显示文摘 | Levchik S V Bright D A Alessio G R | 2002 | Polymer Degradation and Stability2002，77，2： | 1 |
| 13 | Finding Order and Direction from Chaos:a Comparison of Chaos Career Counseling and Trait Matching Counseling显示文摘 | McKay H Bright J E H Pryor R G L | 2005 | Journal of Employment Counseling2005，42，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Surveillance for neuraminidase inhibitor resistance among human influenza A and B viruses circulating worldwide from 2004to 2008显示文摘 | Sheu T G Deyde V M Okomo-adhiambo M Garten R J Xu X Bright R A Butler E N Wallis T R Klimov A I Gubareva L V | 2008 | Antimicrob Agents Chemother2008，52，9： | 1 |
| 15 | Synergistic action between aryl phosphates and henolic resin in PBT 显示文摘 | LEVCHIK S V BRIGHT D A ALESSION G R | 2002 | Polym Degrad Stab2002，77，4： | 1 |
| 16 | Specific intermolecular interaction of carbon dioxide with polymers显示文摘 | Vincent M F Bright F V | 1996 | J Ame Chem Soc1996，118，： | 1 |
| 17 | Synergistic action between aryl phosphates and phenolic resin in PBT 显示文摘 | LEVSHIK S V BRIGHT D A ALESSIO G R | 2002 | Polym Degrad Stab2002，77，2： | 1 |
| 18 | The plasticizer diethyl- hexyl phthalate induces malformations by decreasing fetal testosterone synthesis during sexual differentiation in the male rat 显示文摘 | PARKS L G OSTBY J S LAM- BRIGHT C R | 2000 | Toxicological Sciences2000，58，2： | 1 |
| 19 | Synergistic action between aryl phosphates and henolic resin in PBT 显示文摘 | LEVCHIK S V BRIGHT D A ALESSIO G R | 2002 | Polym Degrad Stab2002，77，4： | 1 |
| 20 | Primary peristalsis is the major acidclearance mechanism in reflux patients显示文摘 | Anggiansah A Taylor G Bright N | | 0，，： | 1 |
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