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| 1 | Esophageal tissue engineering:A new approach for esophageal replacement显示文摘A number of congenital and acquired disorders require esophageal tissue replacement.Various surgical techniques,such as gastric and colonic interposition,are standards of treatment,but frequently complicated by stenosis and other problems.Regenerative medicine approaches facilitate the use of biological constructs to replace or regenerate normal tissue function.We review the literature of esophageal tissue engineering,discuss its implications,compare the methodologies that have been employed and suggest possible directions for the future.Medline,Embase,the Cochrane Library,National Research Register and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched with the following search terms:stem cell and esophagus,esophageal replacement,esophageal tissue engineering,esophageal substitution.Reference lists of papers identified were also examined and experts in this field contacted for further information.All full-text articles in English of all potentially relevant abstracts were reviewed.Tissue engineering has involved acellular scaffolds that were either transplanted with the aim of being repopulated by host cells or seeded prior to transplantation.When acellular scaffolds were used to replace patch and short tubular defects they allowed epithelial and partial muscular migration whereas when employed for long tubular defects the results were poor leading to an increased rate of stenosis and mortality.Stenting has been shown as an effective means to reduce stenotic changes and promote cell migration,whilst omental wrapping to induce vascularization of the construct has an uncertain benefit.Decellularized matrices have been recently suggested as the optimal choice for scaffolds,but smart polymers that will incorporate signalling to promote cell-scaffold interaction may provide a more reproducible and available solution.Results in animal models that have used seeded scaffolds strongly suggest that seeding of both muscle and epithelial cells on scaffolds prior to implantation is a prerequisite for complete esophageal replacement.Novel approaches need to be designed to allow for peristalsis and vascularization in the engineered esophagus.Although esophageal tissue engineering potentially offers a real alternative to conventional treatments for severe esophageal disease,important barriers remain that need to be addressed. | Giorgia Totonelli Panagiotis Maghsoudlou Jonathan M Fishman Giuseppe Orlando Tahera Ansari Paul Sibbons Martin A Birchall Agostino Pierro Simon Eaton Paolo De Coppi | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，47： | 5 |
| 2 | Copolymerization of peptide derived monomers and methyl methacrylate 显示文摘 | Birchall A C Bush S M Noah M | 2001 | Polymer2001，42，： | 1 |
| 3 | Analysis of haemodynamic disturbance in the atherosclerotic carotid artery using computational fluid dynamics显示文摘 | BIRCHALL D ZAMAN A HACKER J | 2006 | Eur Radiol2006，16，5： | 1 |
| 4 | Cutaneous gene expression of plasmid DNA in excised human skin following delivery via microchannels created by radio frequency ablation显示文摘 | BIRCHALL J COULMAN S ANSTEY A | 2006 | Int JPharm2006，312，12： | 1 |
| 5 | Copolymerization of peptide derived monomers and methyl methacrylate显示文摘 | A C Birchall S M Bush M North | | 0，，2： | 1 |
| 6 | Laryngectomees' views on laryngeal transplantation显示文摘 | POTTER C P BIRCHALL M A | 1998 | Transpl Int1998，11，： | 1 |
| 7 | Copolymerization of peptide derived monomers and methyl methacrylate 显示文摘 | Birchall A C Bush S M North M | 2001 | Polymer2001，42，： | 1 |
| 8 | Analysis of haemodynamic disturbance in the atherosclerotic carotid artery using computational fluid dynamics显示文摘 | Zaman A Hacker J | 2006 | Eur Radiol2006，16，： | 1 |
| 9 | The normal range for inter-arm differences in blood pressure 显示文摘 | Orme S Ralph S G Birchall A et ul | 1999 | Age Ageing1999，28，6： | 1 |
| 10 | A randomized placebo- controlled trial of pre-treatment and short-or long-term maintenance therapy with amiodarone supporting DC cardioversion for persistent atrial fibrillation显示文摘 | Channer KS Birchall A Steeds RP | 2004 | Eur Heart J2004，25，2： | 1 |
| 11 | Sensitivity analy- sis of the weighted equivalent lung dose per unit exposure from radon progeny显示文摘 | MARSH J W BIRCHALL A | 2000 | Radiation Pro- tection Dosimetry2000，87，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Comparative dosimetry of BEIR Ⅵ revisited显示文摘 | JAMES A C BIRCHALL A AKABANI G | 2004 | Radiation Protection Dosimetry2004，108，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Com- parative dosimetry in homes and mines: Estima- tion of K-factors 显示文摘 | MARSH J W BIRCHALL A DAVIS K | 2005 | Radioact Environ2005，7，： | 1 |
| 14 | Guidelines on the management of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia显示文摘 | Johnson S A Birchall J Luckie C | 2006 | Br J Hematol2006，132，6： | 1 |
| 15 | Laryngeal abductor mus- cle relnnervation in a pig mode显示文摘 | Birchall M Idowu B Jones A | 2004 | Acta Otolaryngol2004，124，： | 1 |
| 16 | A randomized placebocontrolled trial of pre-treatment and short- or long-term maintenance therapy with amiodarone supporting DC cardioversion for persistent atrial fibrillation显示文摘 | Kevin S Andrew Birchall Richard P et a l | 2004 | Eur Heart J2004，25，2： | 1 |
| 17 | T and FSE MRI dis- tinguishes four subtypes of neurodegeneration with brain iron ac- cumulation显示文摘 | McNeill A Birchall D Hayflick SJ | 2008 | Neurology2008，70，18： | 1 |
| 18 | Clinical transplantation of a tissue-engineered airway显示文摘 | Paolo Macchiarini Philipp Jungebluth Tetsuhiko Go M Adelaide Asnaghi Louisa E Rees Tristan A Cogan Amanda Dodson Jaume Martorell Silvia Bellini Pier Paolo Parnigotto Sally C Dickinson Anthony P Hollander Sara Mantero Maria Teresa Conconi Martin A Birchall | 2008 | The Lancet2008，，9655： | 1 |
| 19 | Uncertainty analysis of the effective dose per unit exposure from radon progeny and implications for ICRP risk- weighting factors 显示文摘 | Birchall A James AC | 1994 | Radiation Protection Dosimetry1994，53，1： | 1 |
| 20 | A randomized placebo-controlled trial of pre-treatment and short-or long-term maintenance therapy with amiodarone supporting DC cardioversion for persistent atrial fibrillation 显示文摘 | Channer KS Birchall A Steeds RP | 2004 | Eur Heart J2004，25，2： | 1 |
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