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| 1 | Husbandry practices and gut health outcomes in weaned piglets:A review显示文摘The immediate post-weaning period is one of the most stressful phases in a pig's life, and during this period, piglets are usually exposed to environmental, social and psychological stressors which have direct or indirect effects on gut health and overall growth performance. In this review, the impact of husbandry practices on gut health outcomes and performance of piglets is discussed. Husbandry practices in the swine barn generally include nutrition and management practices, maintenance of hygienic standards and disease prevention protocols, and animal welfare considerations. Poor husbandry practices could result in reduced feed intake, stress and disease conditions, and consequently affect gut health and performance in weaned piglets. Reduced feed intake is a major risk factor for impaired gut structure and function and therefore a key goal is to maximize feed intake in newly weaned piglets. In weaned piglets, crowding stress could reduce pig performance, favor the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria resulting in diarrhea, stimulate immune responses and interfere with beneficial microbial activities in the gut. Sanitation conditions in the swine barn plays an important role for optimal piglet performance, because unclean conditions reduced growth performance, shifted nutrient requirements to support the immune system and negatively affected the gut morphology in weaned piglets. Appropriate biosecurity measures need to be designed to prevent disease entry and spread within a swine operation,which in turn helps to keep all pigs and piglets healthy. Collectively, husbandry practices relating to feeding and nutrition, animal welfare, biosecurity and disease prevention are important determinants of gut health and piglet performance. Thus, it is suggested that adopting high husbandry practices is a critical piece in strategies aimed at raising pigs without the use of in-feed antibiotics. | Balachandar Jayaraman Charles M.Nyachoti | 2017 | Animal Nutrition2017，，3： | 24 |
| 2 | Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater:a clinicopathologic evaluation显示文摘BACKGROUND:Only 105 cases of neuroendocrine tumor(NET)of the ampulla of Vater have been described, mostly as single case reports.The incidence of NET is rising.The changes in incidence may result from changes in detection.This study was to determine the relative incidence and clinicopathological characteristics of high- grade neuroendocrine carcinoma(small cell carcinoma and large cell carcinoma)of the ampulla of Vater at a single institution. METHODS:Sections from paraffin blocks of tumors of the ampulla of Vater taken from 45 patients who underwent Whipple's procedure and 6 patients who underwent palliative bypass between September 2003 and January 2007 were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis.The clinical and pathological data from 5 patients diagnosed with NET of the ampulla of Vater were analyzed. RESULTS:The patients were 3 men and 2 women,ranging in age from 39 to 47 years(mean 44 years).Operative procedures included Whipple's procedure in 4 patients and palliative bypass in 1 patient.Histopathological examination revealed large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma in 2 patients,small cell carcinoma in 2,and carcinoid in 1.Three patients with high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma who had undergone Whipple's procedure died at postoperatively 7,11,and 13 months.The patient who had undergone palliative triple bypass died 3 months after surgery.CONCLUSIONS:The relative incidence of high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas of the ampulla of Vater is higher than that generally expected.The tumors behave aggressively and have a dismal prognosis despite aggressive treatment. | Eswaran Selvakumar Shanmugasundaram Rajendran Tirupporur Govindaswamy Balachandar Devy Gounder Kannan Satyanesan Jeswanth Palaniappan Ravichandran Rajagopal Surendran | 2008 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2008，7，4： | 7 |
| 3 | Long-term outcome of gastric access loop in hepaticojejunostomy显示文摘BACKGROUND:The incidence of hepaticojejunostomy stricture is 4%-10% in experienced centres. Many access loops have been designed and used to facilitate endoscopic intervention for this complication of hepaticojejunostomy. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness and safety of gastric access loop. METHODS:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 13 patients who had undergone hepaticojejunostomy with gastric access loop between June 1999 and September 2003. Eleven patients were followed up for a mean period of 51 months (range 20-81 months). Two patients were lost to follow up. RESULTS:On follow-up, 8 patients had patent jejuno- gastrostomy (end to side anastomosis between Roux loop of jejunum and stomach) and hepaticojejunostomy. Three patients developed stricture of jejunogastrostomy at 41 months, 63 months and 81 months of follow-up. Among these 3 patients, one also had hepaticojejunostomy stricture. In the patient with hepaticojejunostomy stricture, dilatation of jejunogastrostomy stricture was attempted but failed. None of the patients had any evidence of bile gastritis/cholangitis. There was no procedure related morbidity/mortality. CONCLUSIONS:Further studies involving large numbers of patients are required before wide application of gastric access loop in hepaticojejunostomy though it is a safer option than percutaneous transhepatic manipulations or revision surgery. | Eswaran Selvakumar Shanmugasundaram Rajendran Tirupporur G. Balachandar Devy Gounder Kannan Satyanesan Jeswanth Palaniappan Ravichandran Rajagopal Surendran | 2008 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2008，7，2： | 6 |
| 4 | Effects of dietary threonine:lysine ratioes and sanitary conditions on performance, plasma urea nitrogen, plasma-free threonine and lysine of weaned pigs显示文摘Two 21 d-experiments were conducted to determine the optimum standardized ileal digestible(SID)threonine:lysine ratio(Thr:Lys) for weaned piglets reared under clean(Exp. 1) or unclean(Exp. 2) sanitary conditions and fed antibiotic-free diets. In each experiment, 90 mixed-sex pigs(Duroc × [Yorkshire × Landrace]; initial BW 7.2 ± 0.3 kg) were randomly assigned to 5 dietary treatments each with 6 replicates(3 pigs per pen). The dietary treatments were 5 graded levels of SID Thr:Lys(55,59, 63, 67 and 71%). Diets were corn-wheat-soybean meal-based with a constant SID Lys of 1.18% that was set to be second limiting amino acid. In Exp. 1 and Exp. 2, plasma-free Thr increased(P = 0.05) with increasing dietary SID Thr:Lys. In Exp. 1, the SID Thr:Lys for gain-to-feed ratio(G:F) was optimized at 65%.In Exp. 2, the estimated optimal SID Thr:Lys for overall G:F was 66.5%. In conclusion, an average optimal SID Thr:Lys of 65 and 66.5% could be used to optimize feed efficiency for weaned pigs under clean and unclean sanitary conditions, respectively. | Balachandar Jayaraman John Htoo Charles Martin Nyachoti | 2015 | Animal Nutrition2015，，4： | 6 |
| 5 | 湍流扩散多相流显示文摘湍流扩散多相流在许多工程和环境科学实际应用中十分常见.流体相中的湍流和扩散相的随机本质使得湍流扩散多相流中遇到的问题远比单一流体中遇到的湍流现象复杂得多.首先评述了湍流扩散多相流研究中实验技术和数值计算方面的现状、各自的优点与局限性,以及该领域研究中未来面临的挑战.主要关注湍流扩散多相流研究中以下3方面重点内容:颗粒、液滴和气泡的选择性聚积;湍流对流体相和扩散相耦合作用的影响以及颗粒物和气泡的存在对流体相中湍流的调节机制. | Balachandar S Eaton John K 朱伟(译) 任晓川(译) 郑晓静(译) 黄永念(校) | 2010 | 力学进展2010，40，5： | 4 |
| 6 | Outcome of severe acute pancreatitis: Is there a role for conservative management of infected pancreatic necrosis?显示文摘BACKGROUND: Infected pancreatic necrosis is associated with high morbidity and mortality and is mandatory for surgical or radiological intervention. A selected group of patients with CT evidence of infected pancreatic necrosis and a comparatively lower APACHE score may be clinically stable throughout the course of their illness. METHODS: Case records of 52 patients with severe acute pancreatitis admitted from October 2000 to September 2005 were retrospectively analysed to assess the feasibility of conservative management of infected pancreatic necrosis. CT evidence of retroperitoneal air pockets, deteriorated clinical condition, sepsis and positive blood culture were used to diagnose infected pancreatic necrosis. RESULTS: In the 52 male patients reviewed, 24 patients had infected pancreatic necrosis. Eighteen patients who had progressively deteriorated clinical conditions required surgical intervention; five patients of whom (27.8%) died. Six patients with transient end organ dysfunction and stable clinical conditions were treated with prolonged administration of antibiotics and ICU support. All these patients recovered and discharged from the hospital, and no symptoms or readmission happened during follow-up of 6-44 months. CONCLUSIONS: Selected patients with infected pancreatic necrosis who are clinically stable with transient end organ dysfunction can be treated conservatively with a favourable outcome. Necrosectomy associated with high morbidityand mortality in these patients can be avoided. The need for intervention should be individualized and based on clinical conditions of the patients. | Amarapathy Sivasankar Devy Gounder Kannan Palaniappan Ravichandran Sathyanesan Jeswanth Tirupporur Govindasamy Balachandar Rajagopal Surendran | 2006 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2006，5，4： | 3 |
| 7 | Transabdominal Modified Devascularization Procedure with or without Esophageal Stapler Transection—An Operation Adequate for Effective Control of a Variceal Bleed. Is Esophageal Stapler Transection Necessary?显示文摘 | M. Johnson FRCS S. Rajendran MCh T.G. Balachandar D. Kannan MCh S. Jeswanth MCh P. Ravichandran MCh R. Surendran MCh | 2006 | World Journal of Surgery2006，，8： | 1 |
| 8 | Effect of free rotation on the motion of a solid sphere in linear shear flow at moderate Re 显示文摘 | Bagchi P Balachandar S | 2002 | Physics of Fluids2002，14，8： | 1 |
| 9 | An eulerian-eu- lerian model for gravity currents driven by inertial particles 显示文摘 | Cantero M I Balachandar S Garcia M H | 2008 | International Journal of Muhiphase Flow2008，34，5： | 1 |
| 10 | Forces on a finite-sized particle located close to a wall in a linear shear flow 显示文摘 | ZENG L NAJJAR F BALACHANDAR S | 2009 | Physics of Fluids2009，21，03： | 1 |
| 11 | Natural pigment extraction from five filamentous fungifor industrial applications and dyeing of leather显示文摘 | Velmurugan Kamala -Kannan Balachandar | 2010 | Carbohydrate Polymers2010，79，2： | 1 |
| 12 | On the relationships between local vortex identification schemes显示文摘 | Chakraborty P Balachandar S Adrian R J | 2005 | Journal of Fluid Mechanics2005，535，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Spray-inducedair motion in single and twin ultra-high injectiondiesel sprays显示文摘 | Ghasemi A Barron R M Balachandar R | 2014 | Fuel2014，121，： | 1 |
| 14 | Particle image velocimetry evaluation of flow-altering countermeasures for local scour around a submerged circular cylinder显示文摘The effect of scour countermeasures on the mechanism of local scour around a cylinder requires clarification in order to develop design methodology for use in practice. Previous investigations on countermeasure performance, though useful, have not provided adequate measurements to support this understanding. In the present investigation, particle image velocimetry(PIV) measurements were acquired at several streamwise-vertical planes in the flow field surrounding a submerged circular cylinder with a vertical splitter plate and with a rectangular collar(a horizontal base plate). Analysis of the distribution of mean streamwise velocity and Reynolds shear stress as well as the scour formation indicated that the splitter plate disrupted shear layer interaction in the wake region, reducing the width of scour downstream of the cylinder by 3%. The collar eliminated scour upstream of the cylinder entirely by providing protection at the sides of the cylinder where the shear stress exceeds the critical bed shear stress, and the streamwise velocity distribution in the region between the cylinder and the channel sidewall indicated that installation of a rectangular collar causes flow separation at a point further upstream on the cylinder surface. | Priscilla Williams Ram Balachandar Vesselina Roussinova Ronald Barron | 2022 | International Journal of Sediment Research2022，37，4： | 1 |
| 15 | Mechanisms for generating coherent packets of hairpin vortices in channel flow 显示文摘 | Zhou J Adrian R J Balachandar S | 1999 | Journal of Fluid Mechanics1999，387，： | 1 |
| 16 | Appli- cation of Power Laws to Low Reynolds Number Boundary Layers on Smooth and Rough Surfaces 显示文摘 | Bergstom D J Tachie M F Balachandar R | 2001 | Physics of Fluids2001，13，11： | 1 |
| 17 | Monascus pigment production by solid-state fermentation with corn cob substrate显示文摘 | Palanivel Velmurugan Hyun Hur Vellingiri Balachandar Seralathan Kamala-Kannan Kui-Jae Lee Sang-Myung Lee Jong-Chan Chae Patrick J. Shea Byung-Taek Oh | 2011 | Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering2011，，6： | 1 |
| 18 | On the relationships between local vortex identification schemes显示文摘 | Chakraborty P Balachandar S Adrian R J | 2005 | J Fluid Mech2005，535，： | 1 |
| 19 | Protective role of Dlalpha-lipoic acid against adriamycin-induced cardiac lipid peroxidation显示文摘 | Balachandar AV Malarkodi KP Varalakshmi P | 2003 | Hum Exp Toxicol2003，22，5： | 1 |
| 20 | Mechanisms for generating coherent packets of hairpin vortices in channel flow显示文摘 | Zhou J Adrian R J Balachandar S | 1999 | J Fluid Meeh1999，387，： | 1 |
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