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| 1 | Efficient Targeted Genome Modification in Maize Using CRISPR/Cas9 System显示文摘CRISPR(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas9 system, which is a newly developed technology for targeted genome modification, has been successfully used in a number of species. In this study, we applied this technology to carry out targeted genome modification in maize. A marker gene Zmzb7 was chosen for targeting. The sg RNA-Cas9 construct was transformed into maize protoplasts, and indel(insertion and deletion) mutations could be detected. A mutant seedling with an expected albino phenotype was obtained from screening 120 seedlings generated from 10 callus events. Mutation efficiency in maize heterochromatic regions was also investigated. Twelve sites with different expression levels in maize centromeres or pericentromere regions were selected. The sg RNACas9 constructs were transformed into protoplasts followed by sequencing the transformed protoplast genomic DNA. The results show that the genes in heterochromatic regions could be targeted by the CRISPR/Cas9 system efficiently, no matter whether they are expressed or not. Meanwhile, off-target mutations were not found in the similar sites having no PAM(protospacer adjacent motif) or having more than two mismatches. Together, our results show that the CRISPR/Cas9 system is a robust and efficient tool for genome modification in both euchromatic and heterochromatic regions in maize. | Chao Feng Jing Yuan Rui Wang Yang Liu James A. Birchler Fangpu Han | 2016 | Journal of Genetics and Genomics2016，43，1： | 20 |
| 2 | Dicentric Chromosome Formation and Epigenetics of Centromere Formation in Plants显示文摘Plant centromeres are generally composed of tandem arrays of simple repeats that form a complex chromosome locus where the kinetochore forms and microtubules attach during mitosis and meiosis. Each chromosome has one centromere region, which is essential for accurate division of the genetic material. Recently, chromosomes containing two centromere regions (called dicentric chromosomes) have been found in maize and wheat. Interestingly, some dicentric chromosomes are stable because only one centromere is active and the other one is inactivated. Because such arrays maintain their typical structure for both active and inactive centromeres, the specification of centromere activity has an epigenetic component independent of the DNA sequence. Under some circumstances, the inactive centromeres may recover centromere function, which is called centromere reactivation. Recent studies have highlighted the important changes, such as DNA methylation and histone modification, that occur during centromere inactivation and reactivation. | Shulan Fu Zhi Gao James Birchler Fangpu Han | 2012 | Journal of Genetics and Genomics2012，39，3： | 5 |
| 3 | Magnitude of modulation of gene expression in aneuploid maize depends on the extent of genomic imbalance显示文摘Aneuploidy has profound effects on an organism,typically more so than polyploidy,and the basis of this contrast is not fully understood.A dosage series of the maize long arm of chromosome 1(1L)was used to compa re relative global gene expression in diffe rent types and degrees of aneuploidy to gain insights into how the magnitude of genomic imbalance as well as hypoploidy affects global gene expression.While previously available methods require a selective examination of specific genes,RNA sequencing provides a whole-genome view of gene expression in aneuploids.Most studies of global aneuploidy effects have concentrated on individual types of aneuploids because multiple dose aneuploidies of the same genomic region are difficult to produce in most model genetic organisms.The genetic toolkit of maize allows the examination of multiple ploidies and 1-4 doses of chromosome arms.Thus,a detailed examination of expression changes both on the varied chromosome arms and elsewhere in the genome is possible,in both hypoploids and hyperploids,compared with euploid controls.Previous studies observed the inverse trans effect,in which genes not varied in DNA dosage were expressed in a negative relationship to the varied chromosomal region.This response was also the major type of changes found globally in this study.Many genes varied in dosage showed proportional expression changes,though some were seen to be partly or fully dosage compensated.It was also found that the effects of aneuploidy were progressive,with more severe aneuploids producing effects of greater magnitude. | Adam F·Johnson Jie Hou Hua Yang Xiaowen Shi Chen Chen Md Soliman Islam Tieming Ji Jianlin Cheng James A·Birchler | 2020 | Journal of Genetics and Genomics2020，47，2： | 3 |
| 4 | RNAi-mediated pathways in the nucleus显示文摘 | MATZKE M A Birchler J A | 2005 | Nature Rev Genet2005，6，： | 1 |
| 5 | Selective targeting and photocoagulation of ocular angiogenesis mediated by a phage-derived human antibody fragment显示文摘 | Birchler M Viti F | 1999 | Nat Biotechnol1999，17，： | 1 |
| 6 | Meiotic transmission rates correlate with physical features of rearranged centromeres in maize显示文摘 | Kaszas E Birchler J A | 1998 | Genetics1998，150，： | 1 |
| 7 | Expression and regulation of Toll-Like receptor 2 in rheumatoid arthritis synovium 显示文摘 | Seibl R Birchler T Loeliger S | 2003 | Pathology2003，162，4： | 1 |
| 8 | Fall fertilization with N and K:Effects on Douglas-fir quality and performance显示文摘 | BIRCHLER T M ROSE R HAASE D L | 2001 | Western Journal ofApplied Forest2001，16，2： | 1 |
| 9 | Molecular characterization of a maize B chromosome centric sequence 显示文摘 | Alfenito M R Birchler J A | 1993 | Genetics1993，135，2： | 1 |
| 10 | RNAi-mediated pathways in the nucleus显示文摘 | MATZKE M A BIRCHLER J A | 2005 | Nature Reviews2005，6，： | 1 |
| 11 | RNAi related mechanisms affect both transcriptional and posttranscriptional transgene silencing in Drosophila显示文摘 | Pal-Bhadra M Bhadra U Birchler JA | 2002 | Mol Cell2002，9，2： | 1 |
| 12 | Characterization of a maize chromosome 4 centromeric sequence: evidence for an evolutionary relationship with the B chromosome centromere 显示文摘 | Page B T Wanous M K Birchler J A | 2001 | Genetics2001，159，： | 1 |
| 13 | Predictive role of IL-6 forMODS in severely injured patients in the early intensive carephase显示文摘 | Keel M Birchler M Wanner A | 1998 | Langenbecks Arch Chir Suppl Kongressbd1998，115，1： | 1 |
| 14 | RNAi-mediated pathways in the nucleus显示文摘 | Matzke M A Birchler J A | 2005 | Nat Rev Genit2005，6，： | 1 |
| 15 | Chromosome painting using repetitive DNA sequences as probes for somatic chromosome identification in maize显示文摘 | Kato A Lamb J C Birchler J A | 2004 | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2004，101，13： | 1 |
| 16 | RNAi related machanisms affect both transcriptional and posttranscriptional transgene silencing in Drosophile显示文摘 | Bhadra U Birchler JA | 2002 | Mon Cell2002，9，： | 1 |
| 17 | RNAi-mediated pathways in the nucleus显示文摘 | Matzke MA Birchler JA | 2005 | Nat Rev Genet2005，6，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Molecular characterization of a maize B chromosome centric sequence显示文摘 | Alfenito M R Birchler J A | 1993 | Genetics1993，135，： | 1 |
| 19 | Understanding mechanisms of novel gene expression in polyploids显示文摘 | OSBORN T C PIRES J C BIRCHLER J A AUGER D L CHEN Z J LEE H S COMAI L MADLUNG A DOERGE R W COLOT V MARTIENSSE R A | 2003 | Trends in Genetics2003，19，3： | 1 |
| 20 | In search of the molecular basis of heterosis显示文摘 | BIRCHLER J A AUGER D L RIDDLE N C | | 0，，： | 1 |
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