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| 1 | Malaria over-diagnosis in Cameroon:diagnostic accuracy of Fluorescence and Staining Technologies(FAST)Malaria Stain and LED microscopy versus Giemsa and bright field microscopy validated by polymerase chain reaction显示文摘Background:Malaria is a major world health issue and its continued burden is due,in part,to difficulties in the diagnosis of the illness.The World Health Organization recommends confirmatory testing using microscopy-based techniques or rapid diagnostic tests(RDT)for all cases of suspected malaria.In regions where Plasmodium species are indigenous,there are multiple etiologies of fever leading to misdiagnoses,especially in populations where HIV is prevalent and children.To determine the frequency of malaria infection in febrile patients over an 8-month period at the Regional Hospital in Bamenda,Cameroon,we evaluated the clinical efficacy of the Flourescence and Staining Technology(FAST)Malaria stain and ParaLens AdvanceTM microscopy system(FM)and compared it with conventional bright field microscopy and Giemsa stain(GS).Methods:Peripheral blood samples from 522 patients with a clinical diagnosis of“suspected malaria”were evaluated using GS and FM methods.A nested PCR assay was the gold standard to compare the two methods.PCR positivity,sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value(PPV),and negative predictive value(NPV)were determined.Results:Four hundred ninety nine samples were included in the final analysis.Of these,30 were positive via PCR(6.01%)with a mean PPV of 19.62%and 27.99%for GS and FM,respectively.The mean NPV was 95.01%and 95.28%for GS and FM,respectively.Sensitivity was 26.67%in both groups and specificity was 92.78%and 96.21%for GS and FM,respectively.An increased level of diagnostic discrepancy was observed between technicians based upon skill level using GS,which was not seen with FM.Conclusions:The frequency of malarial infections confirmed via PCR among patients presenting with fever and other symptoms of malaria was dramatically lower than that anticipated based upon physicians’clinical suspicions.A correlation between technician skill and accuracy of malaria diagnosis using GS was observed that was less pronounced using FM.Additionally,FM increased the specificity and improved the PPV,suggesting this relatively low cost approach could be useful in resource-limited environments.Anecdotally,physicians were reluctant to not treat all patients symptomatically before results were known and in spite of a negative microscopic diagnosis,highlighting the need for further physician education to avoid this practice of overtreatment.A larger study in an area with a known high prevalence is being planned to compare the two microscopy methods against available RDTs. | Sean M.Parsel Steven A.Gustafson Edward Friedlander Alexander A.Shnyra Aderosoye J.Adegbulu Ying Liu Nicole M.Parrish Syed A.Jamal Eve Lofthus Leo Ayuk Charles Awasom Carolyn J.Henry Carole P.McArthur | 2017 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2017，6，1： | 2 |
| 2 | Monitoring serum free light chains in patients with multiple m yeloma who achieved negative immunofixation after allogeneic stem cell transplantation 显示文摘 | Mosbauer U Ayuk F Schieder H | 2007 | Haematologica2007，92，： | 1 |
| 3 | Soil fertility management: Impacts on soil macrofauna, soil aggregation and soil organic matter allocation显示文摘 | Ayuke FO Brussaard L Vanlauwe B Six J Lelei DK Kibunja CN Pulleman MM | 2011 | Applied Soil Ecology2011，48，1： | 1 |
| 4 | Long-term follow-up of allogeneic stem cell transplantation in patients with severe aplastic anemia after conditioning with cyclophosphamide plus antithymocyte globulin显示文摘 | N. Kr?ger T. Zabelina H. Renges W. Krüger U. Kordes J. Rischewski J. Schrum M. Horstmann F. Ayuk R. Erttmann H. Kabisch A. Zander | 2002 | Annals of Hematology2002，，11： | 1 |
| 5 | Consensus conference on clinieal practice in ehronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD): first-line and topical treatment of chronic GVHD 显示文摘 | Wolff D Gerbitz A Ayuk F | 2010 | Biol Blood Marrow Transplant2010，16，12： | 1 |
| 6 | Soil fertility management:Impacts on soil macrofauna,soil aggregation and soil organic matter allocation显示文摘 | Ayuke F O Brussaard L Vanlauwe B | 2011 | Applied Soil Ecology2011，48，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Ingestion of ultraplankton by the planktonic larvae of the crown of thorns starfish, Acanthasterplanci 显示文摘 | Ayukal T | 1994 | Biol Bull1994，186，： | 1 |
| 8 | Collagen production in diabetic wounded fibroblasts in response to low-intensity laser irradiation at660 nm显示文摘 | Ayuk SM Houreld NN Abrahamse H | 2012 | Diabetes Technol Ther2012，14，12： | 1 |
| 9 | Abnormal expression of 11 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 in human pituitary adenomas: a prereceptor determinant of pituitary cell proliferation 显示文摘 | Rabbitt EH Ayuk J Boelaert K | 2003 | Oncogene2003，22，11： | 1 |
| 10 | Consensus conference on clinical practice in chronic graft-versus- host disease (GVHD) : first-line and topical treatment of chronic GVHD 显示文摘 | Wolff D Gerbitz A Ayuk F | 2010 | Biol Blood Marrow Transplant2010，16，12： | 1 |
| 11 | Abnormal expression of 11bhydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 in human pituitary adenomas:a prereceptor determinant of pituitary cell proliferation显示文摘 | Rabbitt EH Ayuk J Boelaert K | 2003 | Oncogene2003，22，11： | 1 |
| 12 | The role of growth hor- mone - receptor antagonism in relation to acromegaly 显示文摘 | Ayuk J Sheppard MC | 2004 | Expert Opin Pharmacother2004，5，11： | 1 |
| 13 | Adoption of agroforestry technology: the case of live hedges in central plateau of Burkina Faso 显示文摘 | Ayuk E T | 1997 | /tgricul- tural Systems1997，54，： | 1 |
| 14 | Does acromegaly enhance mortality显示文摘 | AYUK J SHEPPARD MC | 2008 | Rev Endocr Metab Disord2008，9，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Asthma control and quality of life in school age children in Enugu south east, Nigeria显示文摘 | Ayuk AC Oguonu T Ikefuna AN Ibe BC | 2014 | Niger Postgrad Med J2014，21，2： | 1 |
| 16 | Medium-term impact of tillage and residue management on soil aggregate stability, soil carbon and crop productivity显示文摘 | Paul B K Vanlauwe B Ayuke F | 2013 | Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment2013，164，： | 1 |
| 17 | The market potential of parklant trees 显示文摘 | Bonkoungou E G Djmde M Ayuk E T | 1999 | Agroforestry Today1999，，11： | 1 |
| 18 | Consensus conference on clinical practice in chronic graft-versus-host disease(GVHD):first-line and topical treatment of chronic GVHD显示文摘 | Wolff D Gerbitz A Ayuk F | 2010 | Biol Blood Marrow Transplant2010，16，12： | 1 |
| 19 | Placental ischaemia is a consequence rather than a cause of pre- eclampsia显示文摘 | Ayuk PT Matijevic R | 2006 | Medical hypotheses2006，67，4： | 1 |
| 20 | Acute man- agement of pituitary apoplexy - surgery or conservative management 显示文摘 | AYUK J MCGREGOR E J MITCHELL R D | 2004 | Clin Endocfinol2004，61，6： | 1 |
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