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| 1 | Supplementation with sodium butyrate improves growth and antioxidant function in dairy calves before weaning显示文摘Background: There is increasing research interest in using short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs) including butyrate as potential alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in animal production. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementation of sodium butyrate(SB) in liquid feeds(milk, milk replacer, and the mixture of both)on the growth performance, rumen fermentation, and serum antioxidant capacity and immunoglobins in dairy calves before weaning. Forty healthy female Holstein calves(4-day-old, 40 ± 5 kg of body weight) were housed in individual hutches and randomly allocated to 1 of 4 treatment groups(n = 10 per group) using the RAND function in Excel. The control group was fed no SB(SB0), while the other three groups were supplemented with 15(SB15),30(SB30), or 45(SB45) g/d of SB mixed into liquid feeds offered. The calves were initially fed milk only(days 2 to 20), then a mixture of milk and milk replacer(days 21 to 23), and finally milk replacer only(days 24 to 60).Results: The SB supplementation enhanced growth and improved feed conversion into body weight gain compared with the SB0 group, and the average daily gain increased quadratically with increasing SB supplementation. No significant effect on rumen pH;concentrations of NH_3-N, individual and total VFAs;or acetate:propionate(A:P) ratio was found during the whole experimental period. Serum glutathione peroxidase activity increased linearly with the increased SB supplementation, while the serum concentration of maleic dialdehyde linearly decreased. Serum concentrations of immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G, or immunoglobulin M were not affected by the SB supplementation during the whole experimental period.Conclusions: Under the conditions of this study, SB supplementation improved growth performance and antioxidant function in pre-weaned dairy calves. We recommended 45 g/d as the optimal level of SB supplementation mixed into liquid feeds(milk or milk replacer) to improve the growth and antioxidant function of dairy calves before weaning. | Wenhui Liu ALa Teng Zhu La Alexander Evans Shengtao Gao Zhongtang Yu Dengpan Bu Lu Ma | 2021 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2021，12，1： | 10 |
| 2 | Optimal surgical approach for the treatment of Quervains disease: A surgical-anatomical study显示文摘AIM To determine which of the common used incision techniques has the lowest chance of iatrogenic damage to the nerves which at risk are the superficial branch of the radial nerve(SBRN) and the Lateral Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve(LABCN).METHODS Twenty embalmed arms were dissected and the course of the SBRN and the LABCN in each individual arm was marked and the distance between the two branches of the SBRN at the location of the First Extensor Compartment(FEC) was measured. This data was used as input in a visualization tool called Computer Assisted Anatomy Mapping(CASAM) to map the course of the nerves in each individual arm. RESULTS This image visualizes that in 90% of the arms, one branch of the SBRN crosses the FEC and one branch runs volar to the compartment. The distance between the two branches was 7.8 mm at the beginning of the FEC and 10.2 mm at the end. Finally the angle of incision at which the chance of damage to the nerves is lowest, is 19.4 degrees volar to the radius.CONCLUSION CASAM shows the complexity of the course of the SBRN over the FEC. None of the four widely used incision techniques has a significantly lower chance of iatrogenic nerve damage. Surgical skills are paramount to prevent iatrogenic nerve damage. | Alexander R Poublon Gert-Jan Kleinrensink Anton LA Kerver J Henk Coert Erik T Walbeehm | 2018 | World Journal of Orthopedics2018，9，2： | 3 |
| 3 | 脊髓损伤后残存自主神经功能载录国际标准显示文摘近年来,脊髓损伤神经学分类园际标准(International Stand- ards for the Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury, ISNCSCI)被用来记载脊髓损伤后运动和感觉功能的损害,目前该标准已是第六版。1992年第一份国际认可的标准出版时,曾进行了较大的修订,修订内容包括完全性损伤与不完全性损伤的定义, | MS Alexander AB Jackson W Donovan DE Graves SL Elliott A Krassioukov AW Sheel I Estoresl B Green A Gousse NL Braekett D Cardenas M Kennelly A-K Karlason F Biering-Sorensen K Krogh T Linsenmeyer R Marino J Ditunno CJ Mathias I Perkash G Creasey G Schilero J Wecht B Schurch V Dietz J Sonksen S Stiens D Bodner LA Wuermser J-J Wyndaele 周谋望 刘楠 S Charlifue | 2010 | 中华物理医学与康复杂志2010，32，4： | 2 |
| 4 | Variables associated with the development of complications from radiosurgery of intracranial tumors显示文摘 | Koody H Alexander EIII | 1991 | Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys1991，21，： | 1 |
| 5 | Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections 显示文摘 | O'Grady NP Alexander M Bums LA | 2011 | Am J Infect Control2011，39，41： | 1 |
| 6 | Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections 显示文摘 | O' Grady NP Alexander M Bums LA | 2011 | Clin Infect D2011，52，9： | 1 |
| 7 | Guidelines for the Prevention of Intravascular Catheter-Related Infections 显示文摘 | OGrady NP Alexander M Burns LA | 2011 | Am J Infect Control2011，39，6： | 1 |
| 8 | Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections显示文摘 | O' Grady NP Alexander M Burns LA | 2011 | Clin Infect Dis2011，52，9： | 1 |
| 9 | Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections显示文摘 | O'Grady NP Alexander M Burns LA | 2011 | Am J Infect Control2011，39，41： | 1 |
| 10 | Guidelines for the pre- vention of intravascular catheter - related infections 显示文摘 | O' Grady NP Alexander M Burns LA | 2011 | Clin Infect Dis2011，52，9： | 1 |
| 11 | Variables associated with the development of complications from radiosurgery of intracranial tumors显示文摘 | koody H Alexander EⅢ | 1991 | Int J Radiat Oncol Bid Phys1991，21，： | 1 |
| 12 | Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections显示文摘 | O’Grady NP Alexander M Burns LA | 2011 | American Journal of Infection Control2011，39，4： | 1 |
| 13 | Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter - related infections 显示文摘 | Grady NP Alexander M Burns LA | 2011 | Clin Infect Dis2011，52，9： | 1 |
| 14 | Techniques and Training with GreenLight HPS 120-W Laser Therapy of the Prostate: Position Paper显示文摘 | Gordon Muir Fernando Gómez Sancha Alexander Bachmann Benjamin Choi Edward Collins Jean de la Rosette Oliver Reich Shahin Tabatabaei Henry Woo | 2007 | European Urology Supplements2007，，： | 1 |
| 15 | The long-term functional and radiological outcome after open reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament显示文摘 | Sutherland AG Cooper K Alexander LA | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 16 | Ocular toxoplasmosis: in the storm of the eye 显示文摘 | Jones LA Alexander J Roberts CW | 2006 | Parasite Immunol2006，28，12： | 1 |
| 17 | Genetically null mice reveal a central role for epidermal growth factor receptor in the differentiation of the hair follicle and normal hair development 显示文摘 | Hansen LA Alexander N Hogan ME | 1997 | Am J Pathol1997，150，6： | 1 |
| 18 | Guideiines for the prevention of intravaseular catheter-related infections 显示文摘 | O' Grady NP Alexander M Burns LA | 2011 | Am J Infect Control2011，52，9： | 1 |
| 19 | Dysfunc- tional innate immune responsiveness to Porphyromonas gingi- valis lipopolysaccharide in diabetes 显示文摘 | Morran MP Alexander LA Slotterbeck BD | 2009 | Oral Microbiol Im- munol2009，24，4： | 1 |
| 20 | Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections显示文摘 | O~Grady NP Alexander M Burns LA | 2011 | Am J Infect Control2011，39，4： | 1 |
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