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| 1 | 欧洲卒中组织(ESO)关于无活动能力的急性缺血性卒中患者静脉血栓栓塞的预防指南显示文摘背景静脉血栓栓塞(venous thromboembolism, VTE)包括深静脉血栓形成(deep vein thrombosis, DVT)和肺栓塞,是无活动能力的急性缺血性卒中患者的常见并发症。本文阐述了欧洲卒中组织(European Stroke Organisation, ESO)关于无活动能力的急性缺血性卒中患者VTE预防的指南。有关出血性卒中的指南已发表。方法一个多学科小组确定了相关问题并使用推荐意见分级评估、制定和评价系统根据随机对照试验证据制定推荐意见。本文经过ESO内部及外部评审,并得到ESO指南委员会和ESO执行委员会批准。结果我们发现的主要是中等质量证据,包括评估梯度压力弹力袜(graduated compression stocking, GCS)、间歇充气加压装置(intermittent pneumatic compression, IPC)以及使用普通肝素(unfractionated heparin, UFH)、低分子量肝素(low molecular weight heparin, LMWH)和类肝素进行预防性抗凝治疗的随机对照试验和系统评价,但未发现评估神经肌肉电刺激(neuromuscular electrical stimulation, NES)的随机试验。我们推荐临床医生对无活动能力的患者使用IPC,但不应使用GCS。在无活动能力的缺血性卒中患者中,如果降低VTE风险的益处足以抵消其使用导致的颅内外出血风险增高,则应考虑使用UFH(5 000 U,2~3次/d)、LMWH或类肝素进行预防性抗凝治疗。如果确定具有预防性抗凝治疗的指征,应考虑使用LMWH或类肝素而非UFH,因为前两者能更明显地降低DVT风险,使用更加便利,人员成本更低,患者舒适度更高(每天仅需注射1次),但这些优势应与LMWH和类肝素的更高颅外出血风险、更高药物成本以及在肾功能不全老年患者中使用的相关风险进行权衡。结论IPC、UFH或LMWH和类肝素可降低无活动能力的急性缺血性卒中患者的VTE风险,但需要进一步研究来评价NES是否有效。其中证据最强的预防手段是IPC。需要更好的方法在卒中发病后最初数周内根据VTE风险和抗凝药的出血风险对患者进行分层。 | Martin Dennis Valeria Caso L Jaap Kappelle Aleksandra Pavlovic Peter Sandercock 刘品一 黄丽丽 徐运 | 2017 | 国际脑血管病杂志2017，25，3： | 11 |
| 2 | The catecholamine biosynthesis route in potato is affected by stress显示文摘 | Anna W V Katarzyna L K Aleksandra S | 2004 | Plant Physiology and Biochemistry2004，42，： | 1 |
| 3 | Surface treatments of indium tin oxide substrates: comprehensive investigation of mechanical, chemical, thermal,and plasma treatments 显示文摘 | Aleksandra B D Tsz Wai L Chung Y K | 2002 | Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng2002，4464，273： | 1 |
| 4 | Mean myocardial velocity mapping in quantifying regional myocardial contractile reserve in patients with impaired left ventricular systolic function: Doppler myocardial imaging study 显示文摘 | Przemyslaw P Aleksandra L Colin F | | J Am Soc Echocardiog0，20，： | 1 |
| 5 | Analysis of humic acid fouling during microfiltration using a pore blockageeake filtration model显示文摘 | Wei Y Aleksandra K Andrew L | 2002 | Membrane Science2002，198，12： | 1 |
| 6 | Received social support,self- efficacy,and finding benefits in disease as predictors of physical functioning and adherence to antiretroviral therapy 显示文摘 | Aleksandra L Yagnaseni S Nina K | 2007 | Patient Educ Couns2007，66，1： | 1 |
| 7 | pH Optical sensors based on sol-gels: Chemical doping versus covalent immobilization显示文摘 | Aleksandra L Ines O Ivana M | 1998 | Analytica1998，367，13： | 1 |
| 8 | Zinc deficiency in patients with chronic pancreatitis显示文摘BACKGROUND Zinc is a key element in numerous proteins and plays an important role in essential cell functions such as defense against free radicals and DNA damage repair. Chronic pancreatitis(CP) is a chronic inflammation with progressive fibrosis of pancreas ultimately resulting in pancreatic exocrine insufficiency(PEI),which is associated with malnutrition. Studies analyzing zinc levels in patients with CP are sparse and lead to conflicting results.AIM To investigate serum zinc levels in patients with CP of various etiologies.METHODS Between October 2015 and March 2018, patients with a diagnosis of CP were identified and recruited from the Pancreatic Outpatient Clinic at the Karolinska University Hospital in Stockholm, Sweden. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were analyzed. Etiology of CP was determined according to the MANNHEIM classification system into the following etiological subcategories:alcohol consumption, nicotine consumption, hereditary factors, efferent pancreatic duct factors and immunological factors. Pancreatic exocrine function was defined as normal(fecal elastase 1 > 200 μg/g), mildly reduced(100-200μg/g) and severely reduced(fecal elastase 1 < 100 μg/g).RESULTS A total of 150 patients were included in the analysis. Zinc deficiency(< 11μmol/L) was present in 39(26.0%) of patients: 22 females and 17 males. In the group of patients with zinc deficiency, 76.7% of patients had an exocrine pancreatic insufficiency(FE-1 < 200 μg/g). Older age was significantly associated with low zinc levels. Following a univariate analysis, patients aged 60-69 and patients ≥ 70 years of age had a significantly higher prevalence of zinc deficiencies compared to patients < 40 years of age [OR: 3.8, 95%CI(1.08-13.4); P= 0.04]; [OR 6.26, 95%CI(1.94-20.2), P > 0.002]. Smoking and number of packyears were additionally associated with low zinc levels. The risk of zinc deficiency in current smokers and smokers with ≥ 20 pack-years was approximately three times higher compared to those who had never smoked.Gender, body mass index, etiology of CP, presence of diabetes mellitus, levels of glycated hemoglobin(HbA1 c), bone mineral density, alcohol intake and presence of PEI were not associated with low zinc levels.CONCLUSION Zinc deficiency is common in patients with CP and is significantly associated with age ≥ 60, smoking and the number of pack-years, but not with PEI. | Miroslav Vujasinovic AleksANDra Hedstr?m Patrick Maisonneuve Roberto Valente Henrik von Horn J-Matthias L?hr Stephan L Haas | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，5： | 1 |
| 9 | Effect of growth regula-tors on postharvest characteristics of Zantedeschia aethiopica显示文摘 | Ewa S Aleksandra L Margrethe S | 2001 | Postharvest Biology and Technology2001，21，： | 1 |
| 10 | Activity of select- ed enzymes in soil loaded with varied levels of heavy metals 显示文摘 | Aleksandra N S Iwona L Ryszard C | 2006 | Acta agroPhysica2006，8，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Multidimensional Health Locus of Control: Comments on the construct and its measurement显示文摘 | Aleksandra L | 2005 | Journal of Health Psychology2005，10，5： | 1 |
| 12 | Mean myocardial velocity mapping in quantifying regional myocardial contractile reserve in patients with impaired left ventricular systolic function:doppler myocardial imaging study显示文摘 | Przmyslow P Aleksandra L Colin F | 2000 | J Am Soc Echocardiogr2000，13，： | 1 |
| 13 | Ethyl xanthate adsorption and adsorption kinetics on lead-modified galena and sphalerite under flotation conditions 显示文摘 | Dusiea R V Predrag M L Aleksandra A R | 2006 | Colloids and Surfaces' A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects2006，279，123： | 1 |
| 14 | Toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles:Mechanisms,characterization,and avoiding experimental artefacts显示文摘 | Aleksandra B D Yu H L Ng A M C | 2015 | Small2015，11，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Beta amyloid and hyperphosphorylated tau deposits in the pancreas in type 2 diabetes显示文摘 | Judith Miklossy Hong Qing Aleksandra Radenovic Andras Kis Bertrand Vileno Forró Làszló Lisa Miller Ralph N. Martins Gerard Waeber Vincent Mooser Fred Bosman Kamel Khalili Nune Darbinian Patrick L. McGeer | 2008 | Neurobiology of Aging2008，，9： | 1 |
| 16 | Labour Costs and FDI Flows into Central and Eastern European Countries:A Survey of the Literature and Empirical Evidence显示文摘 | MARKUS L ALEKSANDRA R | 2008 | Structural Change and Economic Dynamics2008，，19： | 1 |
| 17 | Sol-gel based optical sensor for dissolved ammonia显示文摘 | Aleksandra L Otto S Wolfbet | 1998 | Sensors and Actuators B1998，，51： | 1 |
| 18 | pH optical sensors based on sol-gels: ehe~cal doping remus covalent immobilization显示文摘 | Aleksandra L Ines O Ivana M | 1998 | Analytica1998，367，： | 1 |
| 19 | Received social support,self-efficaey,and finding benefits in disease as predictors of physical functioning and adherence to antiretroviral therapy显示文摘 | Aleksandra L Yagnaseni S Nina K | | 0，，05： | 1 |
| 20 | Sol-gel based opdcal sensor for continuous deteaminafion d dissolved hydrogen petoxide显示文摘 | Aleksandra L Natasa Majcen Karlheinz N | 2001 | Sensors and Actuatots2001，，74： | 1 |
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