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| 1 | Blue sheep in the Annapurna Conservation Area,Nepal:habitat use,population biomass and their contribution to the carrying capacity of snow leopards显示文摘The Himalaya region of Nepal provides a habitat for the endangered snow leopard(Panthera uncia)and its principal prey species,the blue sheep(Pseudois nayaur).The aim of this study was to describe the habitat,the distribution and the population structure of blue sheep,and to estimate their contribution to the carrying capac-ity of snow leopard in the upper Mustang region of Nepal.Blue sheep were recorded at altitudes from 3209-5498 m on slopes with gradients of 16-60°and aspects of 40°NE to 140°SE.A total of 939 blue sheep were counted in the upper Mustang region,and 98 were counted in the Yak Kharka region of Manang district;how-ever,upper Mustang had the lowest population density of blue sheep recorded within their distribution range in Nepal(0.86 blue sheep/km^(2)).The results of the study show that a higher density of blue sheep is associated with greater plant species diversity.The most important species present in the blue sheep habitat were Kobresia pyg-maea,Artemesia spp.,Lonicera spp.,Lancea tibetica,Poa spp.,Astragalus spp.and Ephedra gerardiana.It is estimated that the existing blue sheep population biomass of approximately 38925 kg in the upper Mustang re-gion could support approximately 19 snow leopards(1.6 snow leopards/100 km^(2)). | Achyut ARYAL Dianne BRUNTON Weihong JI David RAUBENHEIMER | 2014 | Integrative Zoology2014，9，1： | 2 |
| 2 | An Assessment of Yarsagumba(Ophiocordyceps sinensis) Collection in Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve, Nepal显示文摘Yarsagumba(Ophiocordyceps sinensis), an endemic species to the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau, is one of the most valuable medicinal mushrooms in the world. In Nepal, it is distributed largely in isolated patches of alpine grasslands of 3,000-5,000 m elevation. Although it is reported from 27 northernmost districts of Nepal, the local distribution pattern of this species is largely unknown.Furthermore, the collection system and local management regime of this species are not well documented. We conducted a field survey at Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve(DHR) among the different stakeholders in January-June 2012 to assess collection sites, patterns and trends and to understand the management regime. We estimated that about 75 kg of Yarsagumba is collected every year from DHR and the amount has been declining since 2008. To manage the resource, locals have initiated regulating the collection by issuing permits, taxing to the collectors, and monitoring the activities of harvesters with the help of park authorities. The revenue generated at local level from the permits has been used for community developmental activities. | Barna Bahadur THAPA Saroj PANTHI Rajesh Kumar RAI Uttam Babu SHRESTHA Achyut ARYAL Sabina SHRESTHA Bhushan SHRESTHA | 2014 | Journal of Mountain Science2014，11，2： | 1 |
| 3 | 尼泊尔用于缓解人与野生动物冲突之电篱笆经济效用分析(英文)显示文摘人与野生动物冲突是全世界自然保护工作所面临的最大挑战之一。为降低这些冲突的影响,各国采取了各种保护策略,但这些策略常常得不到足够的监测,其效力也得不到充分的评估。近年来,作为降低人与野生动物冲突的一项措施,尼泊尔各保护区周围建起了电篱笆。到目前为止,未见有其他针对保护工作中采用电篱笆的成本效率及其功效开展分析的研究。本研究的目的是检验尼泊尔近年来设立于旺国家公园东区的电篱笆的成本效率。印度犀牛(Rhinoceros unicornis)、野猪(Sus scrofa)、亚洲象(Elephas maximus)、老虎(Panthera tigris)是该国家公园周边缓冲区涉及人与野生动物冲突的主要物种,这里建有电篱笆。电篱笆使庄稼受损减少78%,家畜损失减少30%-60%。研究区的人类死亡数未表现出显著下降,而是继续维持较低数值。我们的分析表明,至2009/2010财政年度,电篱笆成本的总净现值,卡根社区(KMUC)为1 517 959尼泊尔卢比(21 685美元),姆瑞加社区(MKUC)为3 530 075卢比(50 429美元);而净现收益,卡根社区为16 301 105卢比(232 872美元),姆瑞加社区为38 304 602卢比(547 208美元)。至2009/2010基准财政年度,电篱笆的成本-效益比率,卡根社区为10.73,姆瑞加社区为10.85。这些结果表明,在大型哺乳动物出没的保护区周围,电篱笆计划在降低人与野生动物冲突方面,既有经济效益,又有很好的社会效益。 | Saraswoti SAPKOTA Achyut ARYAL Shanta Ram BARAL Matt W.HAYWARD David RAUBENHEIMER | 2014 | Journal of Resources and Ecology2014，5，3： | 0 |
| 4 | Shifting paradigms for Nepal's protected areas: history, challenges and relationships显示文摘The modern history of protected area(PA) management in Nepal dates back to 1973 when the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act(1973) was promulgated and Chitwan National Park was established. In the years immediately following these key events, protected area acts and regulations were strictly applied and the role of local people in managing natural resources was neglected. However with the passage of time, and with changes in the socio-political and economic characteristics of Nepal, management regimes have shifted towards a more liberal model which recognizes more clearly the contributions of people living and working within protected areas. Recently, landscape level conservation models including the designation of multiple use areas have been utilized in the development of management plans for protected areas in Nepal. Conservation agencies have attempted to tackle challenges such as land use conflict, poaching and smuggling of wildlife parts and illegal harvesting of highly valued medicinal herbs through regulation, but these efforts are not always successful. We recommend a holistic conflict resolution approach which recognizes and resolves the different needs of all stakeholders. | Babu R BHATTARAI Wendy WRIGHT Buddi S POUDEL Achyut ARYAL Bhupendra P YADAV Radha WAGLE | 2017 | Journal of Mountain Science2017，14，5： | 0 |
| 5 | So much for the city:Urban–rural song variation in a widespread Asiatic songbird显示文摘Song plays a fundamental role in intraspecific communication in songbirds.The temporal and structural components of songs can vary in different habitats.These include urban habitats where anthropogenic sounds and alteration of habitat structure can significantly affect songbird vocal behavior.Urban-rural variations in song complexity,song length and syllable rate are not fully understood.In this study,using the oriental magpie-robin(Copsychus saularis)as a model,we investigated urban-rural variation in song complexity,song length,syllable rate,syllable length and inter-syllable interval.Comparing urban and rural songs from 7 countries across its natural Asiatic range(Bangladesh,India,Malaysia,Nepal,Singapore,Sri Lanka and Thailand),we found no significant differences in oriental magpie-robin song complexity.However,we found significant differences in temporal song variables between urban and rural sites.Longer songs and inter-syllable intervals in addition to slower syllable rates within urban sites contributed the most to this variance.This indicates that the urban environment may have driven production of longer and slower songs to maximize efficient transmission of important song information in urban habitats. | Samuel D.HILL Achyut ARYAL Matthew D.M.PAWLEY Weihong JI | 2018 | Integrative Zoology2018，13，2： | 0 |
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