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| 1 | 早胜牛及其杂交群体遗传多样性研究显示文摘主产于甘肃庆阳的早胜牛先后迁徙到平凉、固原等周边地区,在长期的适应性驯化中,形成了具有各自遗传特征的地方性类群。本研究对6个早胜牛(Bos taurus)类群(庆阳类群、平凉类群、固原类群、南德温与庆阳类群杂种、西门塔尔与平凉类群杂种、秦川牛与固原类群杂种)共166个个体线粒体DNAD环部分片段进行了分析,在长度为612 bp的序列中,共检测到131个变异位点,界定了103个单倍型。结果表明,早胜牛庆阳、平凉和固原3个地方类群的平均核苷酸差异数(13.884,10.266和3.111)和核苷酸多样度(0.022 95,0.016 82和0.005 11)依次降低,与3个杂交类群的结果类似(15.362,9.264和7.495;0.025 31,0.0152 4和0.012 33);3个地方类群的共享单倍型数和特有单倍型数均以庆阳类群为最高(6和32),平凉类群(6和9)和固原类群(2和5)分别依次降低,3个杂交类群(11和17;9和16;8和9)也有类似结果;就对维持早胜牛总体多样性而言,早胜牛庆阳类群及其杂交类群、早胜牛平凉杂交类群具有正效应,而早胜牛平凉类群、早胜牛固原类群及其杂交类群均起到不同程度的负效应。认为早胜牛庆阳类群及其杂交类群的遗传多样性高于其他两个地方类群及其杂交类群,杂交类群遗传多样性分布规律与其对应的地方类群一致,没有受到杂交影响,说明早胜牛杂交类群是引入父本的杂交方式,同时也说明平凉和固原早胜牛可能相继从早胜牛的主产区庆阳迁徙而来,逐渐形成两个母系分枝,这将为早胜牛的遗传资源保护提供更多的科学依据。 | 刘丽 赵生国 蔡原 雷赵民 Michael A.Brown 王建福 张长庆 吴建平 | 2014 | 农业生物技术学报2014，22，3： | 12 |
| 2 | Hand self-Shiatsu for sleep problems in p ersons with chronic pain: a pilot study显示文摘OBJECTIVE: Difficulty falling asleep(sleep latency) and staying asleep(sleep maintenance) are common problems for persons living with pain. Research demonstrates that sleep problems are, in turn, related to exacerbation of chronic pain. There is a growing body of evidence for a range of pragmatic, non-pharmacological sleep interventions that can potentially be incorporated into pain management programs. This study looks at the outcome of teaching patients with musculoskeletal pain standardized pre-bedtime hand self-Shiatsu(HSS) to reduce sleep latency. METHODS: A case series design, with participants acting as their own controls, was selected to facilitate hypothesis generation for this novel, under-researched intervention. Sleep efficiency, latency and maintenance, sleep beliefs, pain intensity and basic participant demographics were collected at baseline with actigraphy and standardized self-report questionnaires. After one week of baseline data collection, the HSS intervention was taught to participants. Follow-up data were collected at 2 and 8 weeks post-intervention. RESULTS: Data collected at baseline and the two follow-up periods revealed no apparent changes in the objective actigraphy data. However a trend toward improved self-reported sleep latency(time to fall asleep) and sleep duration(time spent asleep) emerged. A number of participants reported they were more concerned with increasing their period of unbroken sleep as opposed to their total sleep time and it is possible that HSS may be useful to be applied during nighttime awakenings as well as before bed. None of the participants reported adverse effects of the intervention. CONCLUSION: These preliminary findings are promising and future studies exploring the mechanism of action and with stronger control of treatment fidelity are indicated. | Cary A.Brown Geoff Bostick Leisa Bellmore Dilesha Kumanayaka | 2014 | Journal of Integrative Medicine2014，12，2： | 9 |
| 3 | 替比夫定的药代动力学研究显示文摘目的评价中国健康志愿者单次口服不同剂量替比夫定的药代动力学特征以及多次给药后的稳态血浆药代动力学。方法42名年龄在18~40岁的健康志愿者,男32名,女10名,随机分配到200、400、600、800mg 4个剂量组。其中600mg剂量组受试者接受单剂量和多剂量的研究。多剂量每日给药,持续8d。采用HPLC-MS/MS法测定给药前和给药后不同时间替比夫定的主血浆、尿液药物浓度,并据此计算药代动力学参数。结果在单次口服200、400、600、800mg片剂后,受试者的达峰时间分别为2.50、2.00、2.00h和2.50h;半衰期的平均值分别为(43.3±15.2)h、(49.1±14.4)h、(39.4±12.1)h和(46.7±20.8)h;血药达峰浓度平均值分别为(1 753.2±389.0)ng/ml、(2 586.7±871.4)ng/ml、(3 703.6±1 219.0)ng/ml和(3 454.6±953.9)ng/ml;曲线下面积的平均值分别为(12 843.2±2 925.6)ng·h ^(1·)ml^1、(22 948.9±5 721.0)ng·^(1·)ml^1、(26 440.5±8 938.1)ng·h ^(1·)ml^1以及(28 820.9±7 912.9)ng·h ^(1·)ml^1;血浆清除率(600mg)为(6 545.6±1 504.4)ml/h;多次给药后的稳态药代动力学研究结果显示,在600mg/d的给药剂量下,连续给药8d后,平均稳态药时曲线下面积为(26 123.9±7 196.3)ng·h ^(1·)ml^1,平均血药浓度为(1 088.5±299.8)ng/ml,血药达峰浓度和曲线下面积蓄积囚子分别为1.02±0.21和1.23±0.26。结论受试者口服替比夫定以后,吸收较为迅速,给药后的2~3h即达到峰值。在200mg至800mg剂量范围内,血浆中替比夫定的药代动力学参数均呈现出一定的规律。替比夫定在受试者体内有轻微蓄积。 | 江骥 胡蓓 王洪允 沈凯 Nathaniel A.Brown 周晓剑 | 2006 | 中华肝脏病杂志2006，14，11： | 8 |
| 4 | 光纤传感器在油气生产测试中的应用显示文摘介绍了电信工业中广泛应用的光纤技术在油气生产测试中应用的可行性和技术特点 ,论述了光纤压力传感器、流量计与分布式温度传感器的工作机理。重点介绍光纤传感器的现场应用情况。 | George A.Brown Arthur Hartog 宋新华 赵炜 刘社民 | 2003 | 国外油田工程2003，19，5： | 3 |
| 5 | Benchmarking the performance of Bayesian optimization across multiple experimental materials science domains显示文摘Bayesian optimization(BO)has been leveraged for guiding autonomous and high-throughput experiments in materials science.However,few have evaluated the efficiency of BO across a broad range of experimental materials domains.In this work,we quantify the performance of BO with a collection of surrogate model and acquisition function pairs across five diverse experimental materials systems.By defining acceleration and enhancement metrics for materials optimization objectives,we find that surrogate models such as Gaussian Process(GP)with anisotropic kernels and Random Forest(RF)have comparable performance in BO,and both outperform the commonly used GP with isotropic kernels.GP with anisotropic kernels has demonstrated the most robustness,yet RF is a close alternative and warrants more consideration because it is free from distribution assumptions,has smaller time complexity,and requires less effort in initial hyperparameter selection.We also raise awareness about the benefits of using GP with anisotropic kernels in future materials optimization campaigns. | Qiaohao Liang Aldair E.Gongora Zekun Ren Armi Tiihonen Zhe Liu Shijing Sun James R.Deneault Daniil Bash Flore Mekki-Berrada Saif A.Khan Kedar Hippalgaonkar Benji Maruyama Keith A.Brown John Fisher III Tonio Buonassisi | 2021 | npj Computational Materials2021，，1： | 2 |
| 6 | Skewness and Kurtosis Implied by Option Prices: A Correction显示文摘 | Christine A.Brown David M.Robinson | 2002 | Journal of Financial Research2002，，2： | 1 |
| 7 | Technological and organizational influences on the adoption of activity‐based costing in Australia显示文摘 | David A.Brown PeterBooth FrancescoGiacobbe | 2004 | Accounting & Finance2004，，3： | 1 |
| 8 | Automating Space Operations Using Timeliner and ADEPT显示文摘 | Robert A.Brown | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 9 | Board development practices and competent board members: Implications for performance显示文摘 | William A.Brown | 2007 | Nonprofit Management and Leadership2007，，3： | 1 |
| 10 | Exploring the association between board and organizational performance in nonprofit organizations显示文摘 | William A.Brown | 2005 | Nonprofit Management and Leadership2005，，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Empirical Regularities in the Diffusion of Innovation显示文摘 | Lawrence A.Brown Kevin R.Cox | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 12 | Ventral midline celiotomy incision infections in the horse显示文摘 | James A.Brown | 2012 | Equine Veterinary Education2012，，3： | 1 |
| 13 | 对结核病的直接面视下治疗与传统治疗的治疗成本的比较分析显示文摘目的:结核病的治疗不仅时间长、费用高,而且常常由于病人依从性不好使得治疗复杂化。直接面视下治疗(DOT),这个门诊治疗管理策略就是为了保证病人的依从性。但该策略并未得以广泛推行,因为感觉实施该策略的成本很高。本研究旨在比较DOT和传统治疗在治疗结核病中的治疗成本。设计:对某都市的县卫生局1980年到1994年间659名结核病报告病例进行回顾性经济学评估。按照1995年的美元价格估计门诊治疗成本、住院治疗成本以及复发和获得性耐药病例对治疗成本的影响。结果:DOT的治疗成本较低:每例住院治疗病人的治疗成本为$15 670,每例门诊治疗病人的治疗成本为$700(P<0.001)。这种治疗成本的差异是由于治疗时间不同(334天对550天)、住院次数减少(58%对75%)以及住院时间短(每例住院病人26天对55天)造成的。在传统治疗组复发或获得性耐药的发生率为10.9%,这些复发或获得性耐药病例所使用的治疗成本占总治疗成本中的35.7%,而在直接面视下治疗组,则只有1.2%的病人发生了复发或获得性耐药,他们的治疗成本只占了总治疗成本中的6.0%。结论:直接面视下治疗要比传统治疗经济。 | S.E.Weis B.Foresman K.J.Matty A.Brown F.X.Blais G.Burgess B.King P.E.Cook P.C.Slocum 贺晓新 | 2000 | 国际结核病与肺部疾病杂志2000，0，Z1： | 1 |
| 14 | Incidence of downstaging and complete remission after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for high‐risk upper tract transitional cell carcinoma显示文摘 | Surena F.Matin VitalyMargulis AshishKamat Christopher G.Wood H. BartonGrossman Gordon A.Brown Colin P. N.Dinney RandallMillikan Arlene O.Siefker‐Radtke | 2010 | Cancer2010，，13： | 1 |
| 15 | Women' s Political Representation in Scotland:Progress Since 1992显示文摘 | A.Brown | | 0，，14： | 1 |
| 16 | 'Negro Characters as Seen by White Authors'显示文摘 | Sterling A.Brown | | 0，，14： | 1 |
| 17 | Investigating the relationship among abnormal patterns of cell cleavage, egg mortality and early larval condition in Limanda ferruginea显示文摘 | T. S.Avery J. A.Brown | 2005 | Journal of Fish Biology2005，，3： | 1 |
| 18 | 不同的储存条件对鸡蛋成分和胚盘质量的影响显示文摘蛋品质是关于鸡蛋的不同标准的统称。通常包括一系列的品质特性,如蛋壳颜色、蛋白质量等。因此有必要正确地保存鸡蛋以避免蛋品质下降或减缓其下降的速度。蛋品质也通常被看作是孵化率和雏鸡质量的影响因子。因此,本研究的开展旨在检测储存温度、条件和时间对蛋品质特性、货架期以及胚盘大小的影响。共110个鸡蛋被用于两个实验。第一个实验将60枚鸡蛋分成两个处理组:涂油和不涂油。 | 蔡霞(译) 贾良梁(校) J. A. Hamidu C. C.Atuahene K. Adomako E. N. Osei C. A.Brown | 2016 | 国外畜牧学(猪与禽)2016，36，3： | 0 |
| 19 | MODEL, GUESS, CHECK: Wordle as a primer on active learning for materials research显示文摘Research and games both require the participant to make a series of choices.Active learning is a process borrowed from machine learning for algorithmically making choices that has become increasingly used to accelerate materials research.While this process may seem opaque to researchers outside the field of machine learning,examining active learning in games provides an accessible way to showcase the process and its virtues.Here,we examine active learning through the lens of the game Wordle to both explain the active learning process and describe the types of research questions that arise when using active learning for materials research. | Keith A.Brown | 2022 | npj Computational Materials2022，，1： | 0 |
| 20 | Endoscopic Coregistered Ultrasound Imaging and Precision Histotripsy:Initial In Vivo Evaluation显示文摘Objective.Initial performance evaluation of a system for simultaneous high-resolution ultrasound imaging and focused mechanical submillimeter histotripsy ablation in rat brains.Impact Statement.This study used a novel combination of high-resolution imaging and histotripsy in an endoscopic form.This would provide neurosurgeons with unprecedented accuracy in targeting and executing nonthermal ablations in minimally invasive surgeries.Introduction.Histotripsy is a safe and effective nonthermal focused ablation technique.However,neurosurgical applications,such as brain tumor ablation,are difficult due to the presence of the skull.Current devices are too large to use in the minimally invasive approaches surgeons prefer.We have developed a combined imaging and histotripsy endoscope to provide neurosurgeons with a new tool for this application.Methods.The histotripsy component had a 10 mm diameter,operating at 6.3 MHz.Affixed within a cutout hole in its center was a 30 MHz ultrasound imaging array.This coregistered pair was used to ablate brain tissue of anesthetized rats while imaging.Histological sections were examined,and qualitative descriptions of ablations and basic shape descriptive statistics were generated.Results.Complete ablations with submillimeter area were produced in seconds,including with a moving device.Ablation progress could be monitored in real time using power Doppler imaging,and B-mode was effective for monitoring post-ablation bleeding.Collateral damage was minimal,with a 100μm maximum distance of cellular damage from the ablation margin.Conclusion.The results demonstrate a promising hardware suite to enable precision ablations in endoscopic procedures or fundamental preclinical research in histotripsy,neuroscience,and cancer. | Thomas G.Landry Jessica Gannon Eli Vlaisavljevich Matthew G.Mallay Jeffrey K.Woodacre Sidney Croul James P.Fawcett Jeremy A.Brown | 2022 | Biomedical Engineering Frontiers2022，3，1： | 0 |
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