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| 1 | Surface N Balances in Agricultural Crop Production Systems in China for the Period 1980-2015显示文摘Surface nitrogen(N) balances for China's crop production systems were estimated using statistical data collected from 1980 to 2004 at the national and provincial scale and from 1994 to 1999 at the county level.There was a surplus N balance throughout these periods,but the surplus was nearly stable in recent years.Projections using nonseasonal Box-Jenkins model or exponential models show that the N surplus for the total cultivated land in China was likely to increase from 142.8 kg ha?1 in 2004 to 168.6 kg ha-1 in 2015.The N balance surplus in the more developed southeastern provinces was the largest,and was slightly less in the central region,which caused the nitrate pollution in the ground water.The N surplus was much less in the western and northern provinces because of lower synthetic fertilizer inputs.The region with high N risk includes Beijing Municipality and Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Fujian,Guangdong,Hubei,and Shandong provinces for 2002-2004.The projections suggested that 15 provinces(or municipalities) in the middle and southeastern part of China except Jiangxi and Shanxi provinces would become the high-risk region by 2015.The level of economic development,transportation,and labor force condition had an important e?ect on the N balance surplus at the county level,but the last two factors showed remarkable impact at the provincial level.To decrease the nonpoint pollution(Npp) risk from crop production,the authors suggested to reduce the target level for national grain self-suflciency to 90%-95% and change the regional structure of grain production by moving some of the future grain production from the high Npp risk areas of eastern China to parts of the central and western provinces where the Npp risk was much less. | SUN Bo SHEN Run-Ping A. F. BOUWMAN | 2008 | Pedosphere2008，18，3： | 23 |
| 2 | Global and Regional Surface Nitrogen Balances in Intensive Agricultural Production Systems for the Period 1970-2030显示文摘Global nitrogen (N) budgets for intensive agricultural systems were compiled for a 0.5 by 0.5 degree resolution. These budgets include N inputs (N fertilizer, animal manure, biological N fixation and atmospheric N deposition) and outputs (N removal from the field in harvested crops and grass and grass consumption by grazing animals, ammonia volatilization,denitrification and leaching). Data for the historical years 1970 and 1995 and a projection for 2030 were used to study changes in the recovery of N and the different loss terms for intensive agricultural systems. The results indicate that the overall system N recovery and fertilizer use efficiency slowly increased in the industrialized countries between 1970 and 1995, the values for developing countries have decreased in the same period. For the coming three decades our results indicate a rapid increase in both the industrialized and developing countries. High values of > 80% for fertilizer use efficiency may be related to surface N balance deficits, implying a depletion of soil N and loss of soil fertility. The projected intensification in most developing countries will cause a gradual shift from deficits to surpluses in the coming decades.The projected fast growth of crop and livestock production, and intensification and associated increase in fertilizer inputs will cause a major increase in the surface N balance surplus in the coming three decades. This implies increasing losses of N compounds to air (ammonia, nitrous oxide and nitric oxide), and groundwater and surface water (nitrate). | A. F. BOUWMAN G.Van DRECHT K. W. Van der HOEK | 2005 | Pedosphere2005，15，2： | 17 |
| 3 | Human alteration of the global nitrogen and phosphorus soil balances for the period 1970-2050显示文摘 | Bouwman A. F. W. Beusen A. H. Billen G | 2009 | Global Biogeochemical Cycles2009，，： | 1 |
| 4 | A Global Analysis of Acidification and Eutrophication of Terrestrial Ecosystems显示文摘 | A. F. Bouwman D. P. Van Vuuren R. G. Derwent M. Posch | 2002 | Water Air and Soil Pollution (-)2002，，1： | 1 |
| 5 | Direct emission of nitrous oxide from agricultural soils显示文摘 | A. F. Bouwman | 1996 | Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems1996，，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Absence of an adipogenic effect of rosiglitazone on mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes: increase of lipid catabolism and reduction of adipokine expression显示文摘 | P. Wang J. Renes F. Bouwman A. Bunschoten E. Mariman J. Keijer | 2007 | Diabetologia2007，，3： | 1 |
| 7 | Emission database for global atmospheric research (Edgar)显示文摘 | J. G. J. Olivier A. F. Bouwman C. W. M. Maas J. J. M. Berdowski | 1994 | Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (-)1994，，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Computing land use emissions of greenhouse gases显示文摘 | G. J. J. Kreileman A. F. Bouwman | 1994 | Water Air & Soil Pollution (-)1994，，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Short-term and long-term effects of bacterivorous nematodes and nematophagous fungi on carbon and nitrogen mineralization in microcosms显示文摘 | L. A. Bouwman J. Bloem P. H. J. F. Boogert F. Bremer G. H. J. Hoenderboom P. C. Ruiter | 1994 | Biology and Fertility of Soils1994，，4： | 1 |
| 10 | 结核菌素试验阳性的接触者随访期间γ-干扰素释放试验的研究显示文摘背景:在进行大规模接触者调查后,对结核菌素试验(TST)阳性个体提供预防性抗结核治疗。目的:研究随访期间异烟肼(INH)的治疗效果和γ-干扰素释放试验(IGRA)的时效。设计:在大规模接触者调查期间,TST检测为阳性的对象(n=122例)纳入本研究。在2年里,每6个月抽取一次血标本用来进行两种试验。结果:122例中,36例(29.5%)完成异烟肼预防性治疗,71例(58.2%)每6个月进行一次X线筛查随访,另有15例(12.3%)未完成异烟肼预防性治疗。阳性者的总百分率在2年间保持稳定,大约在45%~50%,但随着时间的推移,个体的反应有变化。大多数初始IGRA低者,随访期间其结果仍然在临界值以下,初始IGRA结果高的仍为阳性,而IGRA初始结果为中等程度者,随访期间有多种动态类型。结论:本研究显示IGRA反应随着时间推移变异较大,提示其在潜伏感染个体随访中的应用价值有限。然而,在那些初始IGRA为中等程度结果的个体表现出不同动态类型的意义,需要进一步研究。 | W.P.J.Franken S.M.Arend S. F. T. Thijsen J, J. M. Bouwman B. F. P. Koster J.T.van Dissel A. W. J. Bossink 陈校友(译) | 2009 | 国际结核病与肺部疾病杂志2009，4，1： | 0 |
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