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| 1 | New Approach and Alternate Criterion for Heat-transfer Analysis of Building Walls and Its Applications显示文摘Energy consumed by buildings accounts for approximately one-third of the total energy consumption of the society.Moreover,energy systems employed in buildings emit hazardous pollutants,such as,NOx,PM2.5 and CO2,into the environment.Consequently,increasing the energy efficiency of buildings constitutes an important problem concerning the field of building-energy and environment conservation.Thermal resistance and capacitance are two important thermophysical properties of building walls significantly impacting their heat-transfer performance.Traditional theories concerning these properties,however,face certain limitations:(1)the concept of thermal resistance is only valid for one-dimensional,steady heat conduction without existence of an internal heat source;(2)thermal resistance and capacitance are relevant,and can,therefore,not be used to analyze heat-transfer and storage performance,respectively,of building walls.Based on the entransy-dissipation-based impedance theory,a new approach towards realization of heat-transfer analysis and optimization has been proposed in this study.The weightiness of thermal resistance and capacitance with regard to heat-transfer performance has been described along with deduction of the corresponding substitutional relation via illustrative examples.The proposed approach has been demonstrated to effectively overcome aforementioned limitations of building energy conservation problems. | Yu Zhang Xu Zhang | 2021 | Journal of Building Material Science2021，3，2： | 2 |
| 2 | Potentials of Balanite Endocarp Pod Ash as a Cement Replacement Material显示文摘The exponential growth of agricultural wastes such as Balanite seed pod has resulted in waste management issues and finding alternatives through waste recycling is an interesting area of research.Balanite seed pods were collected in Yobe state,washed,dried,crushed.Balanite endocarp pod ash(BEPA)was calcined at 600°C for 3 hours in a muffle furnace and the biomass was characterized with X-ray fluorescence spectrometer to determine its chemical composition.The analysis showed that the ash composed of silica,alumina and ferric oxide(74.24 wt.%)indicated a strong pozzolan based on American Standard.The BEPA possessed a high loss on ignition of 8.24 wt.%owing to the presence of unburnt carbon in the ash.The ash obtained was sieved with 75µm sieve and cement was replaced with ash between 2.5 wt.%~12.5 wt.%at interval of 2.5 wt.%to assess its impact on cement properties such as setting time,consistence,mortar strength and water absorption.Results showed that as percentage replacement increases,the water absorption increased while the mortar strength diminished whereas as the curing days progressed its strength improved despite clinker diminution due to cement hydration.60 days strength for below 10 wt.%BEPA cement blend produced enhanced strength compared with control which is evidence of slow pozzolanic reactions.The optimum percentage replacement with BEPA was obtained at 7.5 wt.%replacement beyond which significantly affected the cement properties especially its strength.It could be agreed that BEPA has potentials to be considered and employed as a cement replacement material. | Hassan Waziri Olumide Olubajo | 2022 | Journal of Building Material Science2022，4，1： | 1 |
| 3 | A Study of Fabrication Technique, Structural and Morphological Behavior of Polypropylene Reinforced with Short Natural Fiber Banana显示文摘Fiber reinforced polypropylene has been widely accepted as material for structural and engineering applications in recent years.Jute,Banana fibers etc.are the most common low cost,versatile,renewable and abundantly available natural fibers which have biodegradable properties.All these fibers are versatile,renewable and most common agro based fibers that have enormous aspect due to their potentiality in composite manufacture.In comparison to other artificial fibers there are many advantages of natural fibers due to everyday applications such as,paperweight,suitcases,lampshades,helmets,and shower and bath units.Untreated and alkali treated banana fiber reinforced with Polypropylene matrix composite were fabricated with 10-25%loading of fiber by weight and were fabricated as Polypropylene Banana Composite(PPBC).Using melt mixing hot press molding technique these biodegradable composites were prepared.Different characteristics like morphologies and micro structural analysis of the composites were studied by Scanning electron microscope(SEM)and infrared spectroscopy instrument(IR).Due to the concept of group vibration infrared spectroscopy has the extensive application.Any kind of structural change such as addition or substitution of groups or atoms in a molecule may affect the relative mode of vibration of the group.This causes change in IR spectral band position,change in relative intensities and appearance of new bands and disappearance of any band and splitting of a single band into two or more bands.To increase the utility of fiber infrared spectroscopy can also be used.It deals with the interaction of infrared light with matter.The former can indicate the presence of functional groups qualitatively and the latter can provide a semi quantitative measure of their concentrations.On the other hand Electron Microscopy is most widely used to obtain information regarding the morphology of fiber surfaces,especially SEM(Scanning Electron Microscopy).Using SEM,it is easy to determine the differences of fiber surface topography after and before treatment,and hence the formation of fiber polymer composites.Fiber deboning was also observed for untreated and treated fiber pp matrix composite.The SEM can have a magnification range from a few times to several hundred thousand times. | MD.NAZRUL ISLAM M.A GAFUR AMIR HOSSAIN KHAN | 2020 | Journal of Building Material Science2020，2，2： | 0 |
| 4 | Assessing the Ageing Impact on Fatigue-Life of Asphalt Concrete显示文摘The fatigue-life of asphalt concrete is often related to environmental condition,loading condition,ageing,material composition and properties.This work investigates the influence of short and long term ageing of laboratory beam specimens,asphalt percent,and testing temperature on fatigue life of asphalt concrete wearing course.Slab samples of(30 × 40 × 6)cm have been prepared,beam specimens of(40 × 5 × 6)cm were extracted from the asphalt concrete slab samples and tested for fatigue-life under the impact of three levels of micro strain(250,400,and[3]750)at(5,20,and 30)℃ before and after practicing long-term aging.It was observed that the fatigue-life decreased by(85 and 97)%,(87.5 and 97.4)%,(71.4 and 95.2)%after increasing the applied microstrain from(250 to 400 and 750)μƐfor control mixture and for mixtures subjected to shortand long-term ageing processes respectively.The fatigue-life increased by(142.8 and 257.1)%,(34.4 and 57.8)%and(10 and 30)%when the asphalt content increased from(4.4 to 4.9 and 5.4)%for specimens practicing the applied microstrain of(250,400 and 750)μƐrespectively.It can be concluded that the fatigue life increases by a range of(two to fifteen)folds when the testing temperature increases from(5 to 20 and 30)℃ respectively. | Saad Issa Sarsam | 2020 | Journal of Building Material Science2020，2，2： | 0 |
| 5 | Conduction Mechanism and Conductivity Behaviour of Pure Polypropylene (PP) and Polypropylene-Banana Fiber (PP-B) Composites显示文摘Fibers reinforced composite materials offer a combination of strength and modulus that are either comparable to or better than many traditional metallic materials.The research on natural fiber based composite materials fit well into this ecological image.This paper reports the conduction mechanism and ac conductivity,activation energy behavior of Polypropylene and banana fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites.Polypropylene[-CH_(2)-CH_(2)-CH_(2)-]n and different fiber content(wt.%)of polypropylene-banana fibers(natural fiber)composites were fabricated using a hot-press molding system.The optimum fabrication parameters were established(initial pressure,temp.etc.).These composite test samples were fabricated so the short fibers were randomly oriented in the matrix.The detail investigation of the a.c.conductivity and conduction mechanism of polymer composites would provide information about the relaxation processes,activation energy etc.which are dependent on frequency,temperature and time.The activation energy involved in the above processes can also be estimated from this study.The measurements were performed over a wide range of frequency of 60 Hz to 3 MHz and temperature range from 30℃(303°K)to 110℃(383°K).Experimental results of the ac properties of pure polypropylene and polypropylene-natural banana fiber composites were compared.It has been established that the fabricated composition changes its insulating property after adding the natural fibers and gives the better conductivity properties. | Md.Nazrul Islam M.A Gafur Md.Amir Hossain Khan | 2020 | Journal of Building Material Science2020，2，2： | 0 |
| 6 | Efficient Methodology for Design of Industrial Blast Resistant Electrical Substations and Control Buildings显示文摘This paper describes economical strategies to design blast resistant electrical substations and control buildings that are commonly used at industrial plants.Limited literature addressed design aspects for this class of buildings.Furthermore,little guidelines are available in practice to regulate this type of steel construction.The first part of the paper overviews the architectural and structural layouts of electrical buildings.Blast resistance requirements for occupied control buildings are also discussed.Simplified multiple degrees of freedom(MDOF)dynamic model is also illustrated that can be utilized for analysis of the blast resistant buildings.The economical aspects and cost savings resulting in using mobile blast resistant buildings are discussed.The article also highlights the engineering challenges that are encountered in design of mobile electrical facilities.The transportation procedure and design requirements are briefly described.Guidelines are proposed to calculate the center of mass of the building combined with interior equipment.The proposed design concept for electrical and control buildings is cost effective and can be implemented in industry to reduce projects cost. | Osama Bedair | 2020 | Journal of Building Material Science2020，2，2： | 0 |
| 7 | Perspective of E-Waste in Concrete: A Review显示文摘In this digital era,usage of electric and electronic devices has become the need of people.Evolution of technology triggers the adoption of new devices over old and discarded appliances turned into the electronic wastes also termed as e-waste/s.E-waste from any source has become a major concern to the society.The disposal of these wastes into the landfills causes many hazardous impacts to the ecosystem.As a promising solution construction industry can utilize the e-wastes effectively.The wastes may be used either as fine filler or aggregates in concrete and bituminous based constructions efficiently.Usage of waste/s conserves the natural resources also.Present study magnifies the scenario of application of electronic wastes in different forms i.e.,plastic,metal etc.in bituminous and concrete based mixtures.A critical review has been carried the effects of electronic wastes in concrete and bituminous mixes and findings confirm the praxis of electronic wastes is possible within certain limits. | Kiran Devi Amit Kumar | 2020 | Journal of Building Material Science2020，2，2： | 0 |
| 8 | Modeling and Simulation of Wood and Fly Ash Behaviour as Partial Replacement for Cement on Flexural Strength of Self Compacting Concrete显示文摘Flexural strength was monitored and predicted on the application improving concrete strength with wood and fly as partial replacement for cement.The study observed the pressure from the constituent of these locally sourced material that has been observed from the study to influence the flexural strength through the effect from this locally sourced addictives.The study monitors concrete porosity on heterogeneity as it reflect on the flexural strength of self compacting concrete.Other condition considered was the compaction and placement of concrete.These effects were monitored at constant water cement ratio from design mix.The behaviour from this effects on the concrete observed the rate of flexural growth under the influences of these stated conditions.The simulation expressed the reactions of these effects through these parameters monitored to influence the system.Numerical simulations were also applied to the optimum curing age of twenty eight days,while analytical simulation was also applied.This concept is the conventional seven days interval that concrete curing were observed,these are improvement done on the study carried out by experts[16].These locally sourced material were experimentally applied.The simulation predictive values are at the interval of seven days of curing,which was also simulated.The predictive values were compared with the experimental values of the researchers[16],and both values developed best fits correlations.The study is imperative because the system considered the parameters used on experimental and observed other influential variables that were not examined.These were not observed in the experimental procedure.Experts in concrete engineering will definitely find these concept a better option in monitoring flexural strength of self compacting concrete in general. | Eluozo S.N. Dimkpa K. | 2020 | Journal of Building Material Science2020，2，2： | 0 |
| 9 | Novel Proposal of Bio-based Sewing Timber Joint:Learning from Diatoms显示文摘The twenty-first century is one of the most complex in the history of humanity,mainly due to the ecological crisis it is going through.The construction sector generates about 40%of CO2 emissions into the environment;the foregoing should motivate this sector to seek new alternatives to develop new building practices.Taking these current needs into account,this document classifies and presents a multidisciplinary solution that integrates biology,engineering and architecture to develop a new and innovative lightweight timber structure;it divides with a main structure made of timber and an innovative joint system made of bio-polymers connecting all the panels.Through the study of diatoms,it was able to analyze the bio-morphology of the structure,joints and in particular the geometry since they were the inspiration for the design of this structure that presents an innovative and novel design of structural optimization.Through parametric design and digital fabrication,it was able to create a complex geometry that obtains excellent structural behavior.This research discusses and explores how materials,geometry led to the optimization of a structure and how new structures can arise,thanks to biology new solutions can be obtained that are completely sustainable,being a clear example of how to combat the effects of the climate change and in a precise way it highlights the advantages of the bio-design in the architectural design. | Mauricio Díaz Valdés Melisa Gálvez Bohórquez | 2023 | Journal of Building Material Science2023，5，1： | 0 |
| 10 | Experimental Study and Fragility Analysis of Effective-Length Factors in Column Buckling显示文摘The design of columns relies heavily on the basis of Leonhard Euler’s Theory of Elastic Buckling.However,to increase the accuracy in determining the maximum critical load a column can withstand before buckling,a constant was introduced.This dimensionless coefficient is K,also known as the effective-length factor.This constant is often found in building design codes and varies in value depending on the type of column support that is applied.This paper presents experimental and analytical studies on the determination of the effective-length factor in the buckling stability of columns with partially-fixed support conditions.To this end,the accurate K value of the columns tested by the Instron Testing Machine(ITM)at California State University,Northridge’s(CSUN’s)Mechanics Laboratory is determined.The ITM is used in studying the buckling of columns where the supports are neither pinned nor fixed,and the material cross-section rather rests upon the machine while loading is applied axially.Several column specimens were tested and the experimental data were analyzed in order to estimation of the accurate effective-length factor.The calculations from the tested results as well as the conducted probabilistic analysis shed light on how a fragility curve may aid in predicting the effective-length value of future tests. | Brannan Shepherd Tadeh Zirakian | 2023 | Journal of Building Material Science2023，5，1： | 0 |
| 11 | Challenges and Trends for Multifunctional Materials显示文摘1.Background Materials science is the study of materials,their properties and their applications.As the rapid development of material science,materials tend to approach multifunctionality.Multifunctional materials are designed to perform multiple responsibilities through prudent combinations of different functional capabilities. | Ying Huang Xingyu Wang | 2023 | Journal of Building Material Science2023，5，1： | 0 |
| 12 | Effects of Curing Methods on the Permeability and Mechanism of Cover Concrete显示文摘Curing methods are one of the most important factors in determining the quality and compactness of cover concrete.The effect of curing methods on the water absorption and sorptivity coefficient of cover concrete with the substitution ratio of fly ash(FA)and ground granulated blast slag(GGBS)for cement between 30 wt%and 40 wt%was studied by capillary water absorption test.The vacuum saturation test and mercury intrusion test were employed to characterize these differences in the pore structure of cover concrete under different curing methods.With further analysis of the compactness of microstructure by SEM,the mechanism of the impact of curing methods on the permeability of cover concrete was revealed.The results obtained indicate that the effect of curing methods on the water absorption,sorptivity coefficient and porosity of cover concrete shows the trend of natural curing>cover curing>water curing>standard curing.It is also shown that reasonable curing is advantageous to reduce the porosity and permeability of cover concrete.In natural curing conditions,the appearance of porosity increasing and pore structure coarsening is more critical for covering concrete with mineral admixtures than for pure cement concrete.Therefore,the permeability of cover concrete with mineral admixtures is more sensitive to the early-age curing methods. | Wang Hao Baolin Guo Yongzhi Guo Ruishuang Jiang Fangli Zhao Baomin Wang | 2023 | Journal of Building Material Science2023，5，1： | 0 |
| 13 | Tongkonan Ke’te‘Kesu’as a Traditional Architectural Tourist Attraction in Tana Toraja显示文摘This research aims to know the function of Traditional House of Toraja and Typology,as a unique traditional architectural tourist attraction in Ke'te'Kesu'.The research is qualitative research.Data collection is done by observation,interview,and documentation.The research variables consist of:Function of Traditional House(Tongkonan),and it’s Typology.The data analysis technique used is descriptive qualitative analysis,which is analyzing each variable descriptive,with the following steps:1)selecting,reducing or simplifying data,2)data display or data presentation which is the stage of qualitative data analysis techniques,3)draw conclusions and data verification which is the last stage in qualitative data analysis techniques.The results show that:In general,the main function of traditional Toraja house(Tongkonan)and its built environment is as a container of human activities supporting Toraja culture,consisting of Rambu Solo’that is the customary ceremony associated with death,and Rambu Tuka’or all things good lifestyle as well ceremonies related to daily life.Then typology can be viewed from aspects of Layout,Spatial,Shape,Structure and Construction,and Ornaments. | Onesimus Sampebua Mithen Lullulangi Unm | 2021 | Journal of Building Material Science2021，3，1： | 0 |
| 14 | Cost Comparison of Different Types of Formworks显示文摘Formwork is the temporary moulds in the construction which is fabricated based on the drawing and design of the structure and into which the concrete is poured to form the required structure.Formwork is an essential part of the construction as it has been used by the Romans.The formworks must be strong enough to withstand all types of loads.The joint must be in proper condition to avoid any kind of leakages.The materials used for the formworks should be economical,easily available and durable.The formworks can be made up of different materials such as plywood,steel,aluminum,composite material,etc.In steel formwork the plates used for the slab support are made up of galvanized steel and these are fabricated as per the requirements.Aluminum plates are used in the aluminum framework along with the other components made up of aluminum.The selection of a suitable framework is important in any project because it bears about 25%to 30%cost of the total cost of construction.In the present study,different types of formworks such as steel,plywood and aluminum were studied in a project and a comparison was made on the reusability and easiness in handling and maintenance.Also,a comparison of the formwork used in the construction of the 5th and 11th-floor tower based on the specific plan and drawing was done.The results showed that the aluminum formwork was found to be efficient and suitable among all formworks,although the cost was higher compared to other formwork materials. | Kiran Devi Tushar Yadav | 2023 | Journal of Building Material Science2023，5，1： | 0 |
| 15 | Analysis on the Structural Type of Large-span Steel Truss Bridge Specially Designed for Cables显示文摘When the installation of cables and pipelines needs to go across rivers,bridges are usually adopted to support the cables and pipelines for crossing the rivers.The measure can make full use of the space resources and have no effect on the flow pattern of rivers.For this reason,analysis on the structural-type design of a large-span steel truss bridge specially used for cables has been performed.The numerical results indicate that the stayed-cable bridge with steel truss beam and concrete main tower has better performance and improved structural type caparisoned with that of the beam and arch bridges,and the construction of the major beam can be without the temporary support. | Xipeng Gao Xiwei He | 2021 | Journal of Building Material Science2021，3，1： | 0 |
| 16 | Evaluation of the Relationship between Bacteria Concentration and the Strength and Durability of Self-compacting Concrete Incorporating Sporosarcina pasteurii显示文摘This research was carried out to evaluate the relationship between the incorporation of calcite precipitation bacteria,sporosarcina pasteurii using calcium lactate as nutrient source and the properties of calcined clay and limestone powder blended self-compacting concrete.Ten mixes were designed and designated S0 to S9 with S0 the control(without bacteria and nutrient)and S1 to S9 at varying bacteria and calcium lactate concentrations and the effect of the bacteria cell density and calcium lactate concentration on the compressive strength,sorptivity and tensile strength with age were evaluated using experimental program and statistical packages(ANOVA and post hoc tests).The result of both the experimental program and statistical evaluation shows that the incorporation of sporosarcina pasteurii and calcium lactate as nutrients had a positive impact on the properties of the ternary blended self-compacting concrete. | Engr K Taku Amartey,B.H.S. Agber T. | 2023 | Journal of Building Material Science2023，5，1： | 0 |
| 17 | Suitable Site Selection and Location Allocation of Solid Waste Collection Bin by Using Geographic Information Systems:A Case of Nekemte Town显示文摘The problem of environmental pollution and health hazards due to inappropriate solid waste disposal is critical in developing countries like Ethiopia,Nekemte town is one of the town in Ethiopia facing from environmental pollution due to lack of appropriate dumping site which leads pollution of surface and ground water and environment in and around dumping area.The key objective of this study was the selection of appropriate sites for disposal,solid waste using Geographic Information System tools.Selection the most suitable landfill site was determined through the integration of geographic information system tools,multi-criteria decision investigation and remote sensing techniques.To select a suitable landfill site several parameters were considered for example slope,constructed area,road,water bodies,land uses,geology and soil.After analysis of the suitability of a solid waste-dumping site used GIS tools,weighted analyzed methods selected 36 areas for medium solid waste Bins.Suitability map was prepared by overlay analyzed with GIS based Weighted Linear Combination analysis to select the suitable sites and assigned as the value as unsuitable,less suitable,moderately suitable,suitable and highly suitable were determined.Using this method selected,highly suitable areas for land fill and inclination area. | Shiferaw Garoma Wayessa Jiregna Nugusa Duresa Ayana Abera Beyene Motuma Shiferaw Regasa | 2021 | Journal of Building Material Science2021，3，1： | 0 |
| 18 | A Theory on Increasing the Heat Transfer Performance of Building Wall显示文摘The target of traditional thermal conductivity of wall research is the spatial distribution form.In these studies,the change of thermal conductivity with temperature is neglected.Meanwhile,case studies are always used.This method needs large computation and it is hard to obtain the optimal result.In order to overcome the problems,a new approach has been put forward in this paper.Different from the traditional approach,the new approach solves an inverse problem under the concept of passive ideal energy-saving buildings to obtain the optimal distribution of heat ability with temperature on an external wall.The result for a typical summer day shows the heat ability distribution of a wall in summer is a staircase.It is similar to the heat pipe.It is also found that the optimal heat transfer property of the external wall is closer to the heat pipe when its heat capacity per square meter(ρc_(p)L)is of extreme value.This study can provide guidance to researchers in building materials. | Yu Zhang ShaoLei Sun | 2023 | Journal of Building Material Science2023，5，1： | 0 |
| 19 | Assessment of the Cause and Effect of Early Damage of Cobble Stone Road Construction and Its Remedial Measurements:A Case of Nekemte Town Cheleleki Sub City显示文摘Road constructing in Ethiopia is increasingly in demand to meet its medium and long term development programs.Most internal roads of Oromia city/town are cobblestone and gravel.Some portions along the alignment proposed and existing roads traversed low resistance of the subgrade that affect the stability of the upper layers of cobblestones.Structural failure is observed on cobblestone roads,and it would be constructed with good quality or low quality of materials.Nekemte Cobblestones Projects have been started in 2014 widely which were filled in most areas today as we observed that needs to be addressed and a corresponding remedial measures must be drawn.A possible counteractive actions had been ordered for every observed destroyed to achieve the standard road situation of the study zone.An evaluation was made use observation,interviews,laboratory test and field test to govern an appropriateness of cobblestones.The lie beneath soil used for bottom layers of road structure based on standard of Ethiopian Road Authority(ERA)low volume road standards.Therefore,result from the field test and laboratory test shown,causes of cobblestone road failures of Nekemte street segment were mostly because of the construction steps/sequence,quality of materials,road construction time,absence of appropriate design,quality supervisor,absences of drainage structures,lack of highly compaction,lack of accurately fill fine aggregate and suddenly high loads vehicle applied on cobblestone road. | Shiferaw Garoma Wayessa Ayana Abera Beyene | 2021 | Journal of Building Material Science2021，3，1： | 0 |
| 20 | Study on the Suitability of Soils in Ilu Aba Bora Zone for Hydraform Block Production for Low Cost Construction显示文摘Due to high construction material cost in Ethiopia,it is difficult to afford a shelter for most people.The hydra form block(HFB)has been identified as low-cost building material with its potential and possibility to reverse the housing problem.Laboratory tests were conducted on Mettu,Nopa,Gore,and Hurumu areas soil.Using hydra form machine with average mold size of 29*14*10 cm,hydra form blocks were cast with the three percentages increment of cement.Compressive strength and water absorption tests were conducted at 28 day.The investigation has revealed that all the soil sample except Gore soil have significant characteristics that make it suitable for stabilization with recommended soil properties.From the experimental study,all the blocks except blocks produced with Gore soil have 28th day compressive strength values well above most of the recommended minimum values.Water absorption was less than the maximum limit of 15%.But,for control block and for stabilized with 3%cement,water absorption result is out of the recommended values(0-15)%.The cost comparison of hydra form blocks with hollow concrete block and fired clay brick shows that the hydra form block is cheapest walling material in terms of production cost and a typical hydra form block production center can create jobs for more than 50 people. | Beneyam Neguse Furgasa Fadilu Shafi Jote Natnael Bekele Tilahun | 2021 | Journal of Building Material Science2021，3，1： | 0 |
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