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| 1 | The dilemma of the Jiaodong gold deposits: Are they unique?显示文摘The ca. 126-120 Ma Au deposits of the Jiaodong Peninsula, eastern China, define the country's largest gold province with an overall endowment estimated as >3000 t Au. The vein and disseminated ores are hosted by NE- to NNE-trending brittle normal faults that parallel the margins of ca. 165-150 Ma, deeply emplaced, lower crustal melt granites. The deposits are sited along the faults for many tens of kilometers and the larger orebodies are associated with dilatational jogs. Country rocks to the granites are Precambrian high-grade metamorphic rocks located on both sides of a Triassic suture between the North and South China blocks. During early Mesozoic convergent deformation, the ore-hosting structures developed as ductile thrust faults that were subsequently reactivated during Early Cretaceous 'Yanshanian' intracontinental extensional deformation and associated gold formation.Classification of the gold deposits remains problematic. Many features resemble those typical of orogenic Au including the linear structural distribution of the deposits, mineralization style, ore and alteration assemblages, and ore fluid chemistry. However, Phanerozoic orogenic Au deposits are formed by prograde metamorphism of accreted oceanic rocks in Cordilleran-style orogens. The Jiaodong deposits, in contrast, formed within two Precambrian blocks approximately 2 billion years after devolatilization of the country rocks, and thus require a model that involves alternative fluid and metal sources for the ores. A widespread suite of ca. 130-123 Ma granodiorites overlaps temporally with the ores, but shows a poor spatial association with the deposits. Furthermore, the deposit distribution and mineralization style is atypical of ores formed from nearby magmas. The ore concentration requires fluid focusing during some type of sub-crustal thermal event, which could be broadly related to a combination of coeval lithospheric thinning, asthenospheric upwelling, paleo-Pacific plate subduction, and seismicity along the continental-scale Tan-Lu fault. Possible ore genesis scenarios include those where ore fluids were produced directly by the metamorphism of oceanic lithosphere and overlying sediment on the subducting paleo-Pacific slab, or by devolatilization of an enriched mantle wedge above the slab. Both the sulfur and gold could be sourced from either the oceanic sediments or the serpentinized mantle. A better understanding of the architecture of the paleo-Pacific slab during Early Cretaceous below the eastern margin of China is essential to determination of the validity of possible models. | Richard J.Goldfarb M.Santosh | 2014 | Geoscience Frontiers2014，5，2： | 102 |
| 2 | Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cancer: complexity and opportunities显示文摘 | Yun Zhang Robert A. Weinberg | 2018 | Frontiers of Medicine2018，12，4： | 86 |
| 3 | Single-cell RNA-seq data analysis on the receptor ACE2 expression reveals the potential risk of different human organs vulnerable to 2019-nCoV infection显示文摘It has been known that,the novel coronavirus,2019-nCoV,which is considered similar to SARS-CoV,invades human cells via the receptor angiotensin converting enzyme II(ACE2).Moreover,lung cells that have ACE2 expression may be the main target cells during 2019-nCoV infection.However,some patients also exhibit non-respiratory symptoms,such as kidney failure,implying that 2019-nCoV could also invade other organs.To construct a risk map of different human organs,we analyzed the single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)datasets derived from major human physiological systems,including the respiratory,cardiovascular,digestive,and urinary systems.Through scRNA-seq data analyses,we identified the organs at risk,such as lung,heart,esophagus,kidney,bladder,and ileum,and located specific cell types(i.e.,type II alveolar cells(AT2),myocardial cells,proximal tubule cells of the kidney,ileum and esophagus epithelial cells,and bladder urothelial cells),which are vulnerable to 2019-nCoV infection.Based on the findings,we constructed a risk map indicating the vulnerability of different organs to 2019-nCoV infection.This study may provide potential clues for further investigation of the pathogenesis and route of 2019-nCoV infection. | Xin Zou Ke Chen Jiawei Zou Peiyi Han Jie Hao Zeguang Han | 2020 | Frontiers of Medicine2020，14，2： | 193 |
| 4 | Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell-1 (sTREM- 1): a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of infectious diseases显示文摘为传染疾病的诊断和预后的敏感、有用的 biomarkers 广泛地被开发了。这些 biomarkers 的一个例子正在触发在 myeloid cell-1 (TREM-1 ) 上表示的受体,它是在单核白血球 / 巨噬细胞和 neutrophils 上表示的房间表面受体。TREM-1 由激活 TREM-1/DAP12 小径放大发炎。这条小径被细菌的 lipopolysaccharide 被和 ligands 或刺激的 TREM-1 的相互作用触发。因而,支持 inflammatory cytokines 和 chemokines 被分泌。可溶的 TREM-1 (sTREM-1 ) 是能直接为传染疾病在人的身体液体和著名 biomarker 被测试的 TREM-1 的一种特殊形式。 sTREM-1 水平能潜在地为早诊断和一些传染疾病的预后预言被使用,包括传染肋膜的流出,肺感染,败血,细菌的脑膜炎,病毒的感染(例如,克里米亚半岛的刚果出血性的发烧和登革热发烧),真菌的感染(例如,曲霉属菌感染),并且灼伤相关的感染。sTREM-1 比传统的索引是更敏感、特定的 biomarker,例如 C 反应的蛋白质和 procalcitonin 层次,为这些传染疾病。因此, sTREM-1 是为指向的治疗和传染疾病的快速、早的诊断的可行 biomarker。 | Changlin Cao Jingxian Gu Jingyao Zhang | 2017 | Frontiers of Medicine2017，11，2： | 62 |
| 5 | Late Mesozoic basin and range tectonics and related magmatism in Southeast China显示文摘在迟了的中生代中间的 JurassicLate 白垩纪期间,盆和范围 tectonics 和 extensional 的联系 magmatism 代表构造设定在由于和平的板 subduction 的东南的中国是普遍的。盆 tectonics 由 post-orogenic 组成(类型我) 并且 intra 大陆人 extensional 盆(类型 II ) 。类型我盆在山麓和 intraland 发展了在期间对早侏罗记,纹理粗糙的陆上的碎屑状的沉积在被扔晚三叠纪。在 intra 大陆人期间形成的类型 II 盆外壳的变瘦并且被 grabens 和 half-grabens 的发展描绘。Graben 盆主要在中间的侏罗记期间被产生并且与 bimodal 火山作用被联系。在 half-grabens 的沉积与 rhyolitic 凝灰岩和熔岩被设置并且近来是在有优势的年龄的早白垩纪 CretaceousPaleogene 红床。范围由 granitoids 和 bimodal 组成暴烈的岩石, A 类型花岗石和屋顶类型变形核心建筑群。作者分析了 lithological, geochemical 和迟了的中生代火的岩石集合的 geochronological 特征并且在形成华南的盆和范围 tectonics 上建议了一些地球动力学的限制。类似的比较和在东方、西方的岸之间的盆和范围 tectonics 的差别和平被做,并且东南中国块的地球动力学的进化模型在迟了的中生代期间被讨论。学习结果建议华南在合拢的中生代前上开发了的在内的盆和范围岩层系上带子从自从迟了的中生代,西方的和平的板的 subduction 主要抑制的多相的构造进化被导出,在一个背弧 extensional 背景导致各种各样的 magmatism 的形成。它的 geodynamic 机制能在东方岸与盆和范围 tectonics 的作比较和平。在两岸之间的盆和范围 tectonics 的差别和平例如披风羽毛形成, extensional 和火的岩石集合和盆和范围 tectonics 的年龄可伸缩,主要被 Yellowstone 披风羽毛在太平洋的东方岸引起。 | Dezi Wang Liangshu Shu | 2012 | Geoscience Frontiers2012，3，2： | 60 |
| 6 | Hybrid-augmented intelligence: collaboration and cognition显示文摘人工智能追求的长期目标是使机器能像人一样学习和思考。由于人类面临的许多问题具有不确定性、脆弱性和开放性,任何智能程度的机器都无法完全取代人类,这就需要将人的作用或人的认知模型引入到人工智能系统中,形成混合-增强智能的形态,这种形态是人工智能或机器智能的可行的、重要的成长模式。混合-增强智能可以分为两类基本形式:一类是人在回路的人机协同混合增强智能,另一类是将认知模型嵌入机器学习系统中,形成基于认知计算的混合智能。本文讨论人机协同的混合-增强智能的基本框架,以及基于认知计算的混合-增强智能的基本要素:直觉推理与因果模型、记忆和知识演化;特别论述了直觉推理在复杂问题求解中的作用和基本原理,以及基于记忆与推理的视觉场景理解的认知学习网络;阐述了竞争-对抗式认知学习方法,并讨论了其在自动驾驶方面的应用;最后给出混合-增强智能在相关领域的典型应用。 | Nan-ning ZHENG Zi-yi LIU Peng-ju REN Yong-qiang MA Shi-tao CHEN Si-yu YU Jian-ru XUE Ba-dong CHEN Fei-yue WANG | 2017 | Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering2017，18，2： | 51 |
| 7 | Trends of foodborne diseases in China: lessons from laboratory- based surveillance since 2011显示文摘Foodborne 疾病是世界范围的最重要的公共健康问题之一。中国在食物链的所有方面面对各种各样、崭新的挑战。从从 2013 ~ 2016 的基于实验室的 foodborne 疾病监视系统的数据,以及不同区域和年龄,能在与多样的特征检测的病原体的模式与差别一起被发现。Vibrio parahaemolyticus 是在中国的传染腹泻的领先的原因,特别在在沿海的区域的成年人之中。沙门氏菌是为实质的社会经济的负担负责的严肃、广泛地分布式的病原体。Shigella 主要在 5 年下面在孩子之中与开发更少的区域在西北中国和内陆省(河南省) 被识别。从从 2011 ~ 2016 报导系统的 foodborne 疾病爆发的数据证明有毒的动物和为大多数死亡负责的植物因素在在西南区域的遥远的区域是有毒的蘑菇(54.7%) 。引起了报导的大多数案例(42.3%) 的生物危险被归因于 V。parahaemolyticus, foodborne 爆发的领先的原因。在这评论,我们在中国总结最近的监视途径到 foodborne 疾病并且在发达国家把结果与那些作比较。 | Jikai Liu Li Bai Weiwei Li Haihong Han Ping Fu Xiaochen Ma Zhenwang Bi Xiaorong Yang Xiuli Zhang Shiqi Zhen Xiaoling Deng Xiumei Liu Yunchang Guo | 2018 | Frontiers of Medicine2018，12，1： | 55 |
| 8 | Isoplot R: A free and open toolbox for geochronology显示文摘This paper reviews the basic principles of radiometric geochronology as implemented in a new software package called Isoplot R, which was designed to be free, flexible and future-proof. Isoplot R is free because it is written in non-proprietary languages(R, Javascript and HTML) and is released under the GPL license. The program is flexible because its graphical user interface(GUI) is separated from the command line functionality, and because its code is completely open for inspection and modification. To increase future-proofness, the software is built on free and platform-independent foundations that adhere to international standards, have existed for several decades, and continue to grow in popularity.Isoplot R currently includes functions for U-Pb, Pb-Pb,40 Ar/39 Ar, Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd, Lu-Hf, Re-Os, U-Th-He,fission track and U-series disequilibrium dating. It implements isochron regression in two and three dimensions, visualises multi-aliquot datasets as cumulative age distributions, kernel density estimates and radial plots, and calculates weighted mean ages using a modified Chauvenet outlier detection criterion that accounts for the analytical uncertainties in heteroscedastic datasets. Overdispersion of geochronological data with respect to these analytical uncertainties can be attributed to either a proportional underestimation of the analytical uncertainties, or to an additive geological scatter term.Isoplot R keeps track of error correlations of the isotopic ratio measurements within aliquots of the same samples. It uses a statistical framework that will allow it to handle error correlations between aliquots in the future. Other ongoing developments include the implementation of alternative user interfaces and the integration of Isoplot R with other data reduction software. | Pieter Vermeesch | 2018 | Geoscience Frontiers2018，9，5： | 56 |
| 9 | Early Cretaceous overprinting of the Mesozoic Daqing Shan fold-and-thrust belt by the Hohhot metamorphic core complex,Inner Mongolia,China显示文摘中央内部蒙古的 Daqing 掸人(Mtns ) 的早白垩纪 Hohhot 变形核心建筑群(mcc ) 在暴露的最好和在北方中国 craton 的北边以内发展了的空间地孤立的 mccs 惊人的大多数之中。所有在一条晚古生代的 Andes 山脉风格的弧的地下室和可变年龄和构造 vergence 的到对面更旧的中生代 fold-and-thrust 带以内这些 mccs 被形成。主人 Hohhot 分开为至少 120 km 的沿着罢工距离在 Daqing 掸人的南部的边缘以内向南指责根。它在到北方的范围的几何学由干扰模式在之间是复杂的(1 ) 凸的主要、大规模 NW-SE-trending 和凹面指责折皱并且(2 ) 它的晚运动学的历史上合拢了分开的第二等的 ENE-WSW-trending antiforms 和 synforms。作为在 Whipple Mtns。加利福尼亚, Hohhot 主人分开不 Wernicke (1981 ) 是简单生根的类型;相反,它被孵化从一中间外壳砍地区,其顶在它的掘出的更低的板中在含碳的 metasedimentary 岩石以内作为 mylonitic 前面被保存。在现在的基础节硅质的暴烈的岩石标明日期的 40Ar39Ar 孤立 supradetachment 盆建议外壳的扩展在 ca 开始了。127 妈,尽管降低板的 mylonitic 岩石不暴露于侵蚀直到在 ca 以后。119 妈。在矿脉基卒下盘 mylonitic 片麻岩的角闪石,黑云母,和白云母的实质上同步的冷却显示很快速的发掘并且在 ca。122120 妈。与几份最近的报告相反,主人分开清楚地切到对面并且割下 Daqing 掸人低岬 fold-and-thrust 的更旧的、指导北方的戳表系上带子。合拢并且在它的 foredeep 阶层以内的指责戳的暗岩象 132.6 一样年轻 ??蔐 吗?? | Gregory A.Davis Brian J.Darby | 2010 | Geoscience Frontiers2010，1，1： | 47 |
| 10 | Prediction of urban human mobility using large-scale taxi traces and its applications显示文摘这篇论文在一个城市的出租车交通系统调查人的活动性模式。这个工作集中于预言 humanmobility fromdiscovering 模式在从城市的热点的旅客提取数量(PUQ ) 的数字。这份报纸建议改进 ARIMA 基于预言方法在一个热点预报旅客的空间时间的变化。有 4 000 出租车 GPS 的一个大规模 realworld 数据集合的评估跟踪超过一年表演一个预言错误仅仅 5.8% 。我们也探索预言途径的申请帮助司机发现他们的下位旅客。用历史的真实世界的数据的模拟结果证明与我们的指导,驱动程序能减少花的时间,距离旅行,到发现他们的下位旅客在 37.1% 和 6.4% ,分别地。 | Xiaolong LI Gang PAN Zhaohui WU Guande QI Shijian LI Daqing ZHANG Wangsheng ZHANG Zonghui WANG | 2012 | Frontiers of Computer Science2012，6，1： | 45 |
| 11 | The Emeishan large igneous province:A synthesis显示文摘The late Permian Emeishan large igneous province(ELIP) covers ~0.3 x 106 km2 of the western margin of the Yangtze Block and Tibetan Plateau with displaced,correlative units in northern Vietnam(Song Da zone).The ELIP is of particular interest because it contains numerous world-class base metal deposits and is contemporaneous with the late Capitanian(~260 Ma) mass extinction.The flood basalts are the signature feature of the ELIP but there are also ultramafic and silicic volcanic rocks and layered maficultramafic and silicic plutonic rocks exposed.The ELIP is divided into three nearly concentric zones(i.e.inner,middle and outer) which correspond to progressively thicker crust from the inner to the outer zone.The eruptive age of the ELIP is constrained by geological,paleomagnetic and geochronological evidence to an interval of <3 Ma.The presence of picritic rocks and thick piles of flood basalts testifies to high temperature thermal regime however there is uncertainty as to whether these magmas were derived from the subcontinental lithospheric mantle or sub-lithospheric mantle(i.e.asthenosphere or mantle plume) sources or both.The range of Sr(I_(Sr) = 0.7040-0.7132),Nd(ε_(Nd)(t) ≈-14 to +8),Pb(^(206)Pb/^(204)Pb_1≈ 17.9-20.6) and Os(γ_(Os) =-5 to +11) isotope values of the ultramafic and mafic rocks does not permit a conclusive answer to ultimate source origin of the primitive rocks but it is clear that some rocks were affected by crustal contamination and the presence of near-depleted isotope compositions suggests that there is a sub-lithospheric mantle component in the system.The silicic rocks are derived by basaltic magmas/rocks through fractional crystallization or partial melting,crustal melting or by interactions between mafic and crustal melts.The formation of the Fe-Ti-V oxide-ore deposits is probably due to a combination of fractional crystallization of Ti-rich basalt and fluxing of C02-rich fluids whereas the Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits are related to crystallization and crustal contamination of mafic or ultramafic magmas with subsequent segregation of a sulphide-rich portion.The ELIP is considered to be a mantle plume-derived LIP however the primary evidence for such a model is less convincing(e.g.uplift and geochemistry) and is far more complicated than previously suggested but is likely to be derived from a relatively short-lived,plume-like upwelling of mantle-derived magmas.The emplacement of the ELIP may have adversely affected the short-term environmental conditions and contributed to the decline in biota during the late Capitanian. | J.Gregory Shellnutt | 2014 | Geoscience Frontiers2014，5，3： | 50 |
| 12 | Chronic hepatitis B virus infection: epidemiology, prevention, and treatment in China显示文摘长期的肝炎 B 是在中国的一个主要健康问题。自从 1992,通用种痘节目在中国改变了肝炎 B 病毒感染的传染病学从高度到中等地方性。在中国的最流行的肝炎 B 病毒种类是遗传型 B 和 C,而在西方的省的那些是遗传型 D 和 C/D 混血儿。长期的肝炎 B 在中国提出重担到社会。不同治疗策略被探索了以一种划算的方式改进耐心的结果。然而,因为通常低的收入和有限资源,有对抵抗的一个低基因障碍的抗病毒的药仍然广泛地在中国被使用。个性化的抗病毒的治疗仔细与翻译的药被联系,它在 genomics,有免疫力的 biomarkers,和纤维变性上从研究利用信息。这些研究的结果在进一步改进治疗结果是关键的。 | Rui Yu Rong Fan Jinlin Hou | 2014 | Frontiers of Medicine2014，8，2： | 43 |
| 13 | Recent advances in MXene: Preparation, properties, and applications显示文摘 | 雷进程 张旭 周震 | 2015 | Frontiers of physics2015，10，3： | 43 |
| 14 | Evidence chain-based causality identification in herb-induced liver injury: exemplification of a well-known liver-restorative herb Polygonum multiflorum显示文摘草药的药最近在美国作为导致药的肝损害(DILI ) 的第二个很普通的原因被认出了。然而,识别一些植物的 DILI 诱发性的可靠方法例如 Heshouwu (蓼 multiflorum 的弄干的根) ,留下缺乏。在这研究,有肝机能障碍和 Heshouwu DILI 的 147 个报导文学的案例的 12 307 个住院病人的一个总数被屏蔽。一个一般算法仅仅显示了那 22.5%(9/40 ) 并且(45/147 ) 分别地, 30.6% 所有住院和文学案例报告表明 Heshouwu 的 DILI 诱发性的高概率。由对比,(19/20 )95% 生药学,植物化学,和 metabolomic 有希望地调查的所有情况测试展出高度可能的诱发性,包括不正确地以前被归因的一个病人和从由 pharmacognostic 证据的 Heshouwu 诱发性被排除的一个案例。污染也是的毒素(重金属,杀虫剂,和 mycotoxins ) 从 Heshouwu DILI 诱发性排除了。为 Heshouwu DILI 诊断地址安全的这些屏蔽方法的客观性担心考虑包含芪的草药的药和饮食的补充。 | Jiabo Wang Zhijie Ma Ming Niu Yun Zhu Qingsheng Liang Yanling Zhao Jingyuan Song Zhaofang Bai Yaming Zhang Ping Zhang Na Li Yakun Meng Qi Li Lushan Qin Guangju Teng Junling Cao Baosen Li Shilin Chen Yonggang Li Zhengsheng Zou Honghao Zhou Xiaohe Xiao | 2015 | Frontiers of Medicine2015，9，4： | 47 |
| 15 | Screening for main components associated with the idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity of a tonic herb, Polygonum multiflorum显示文摘典型药用的植物的主要成分,蓼 multiflorum (用汉语的 Heshouwu ) ,那导致特质的肝损害仍然保持不清楚。我们的以前的工作证明了有 lipopolysaccharide (LPS ) 的无毒的剂量和 Heshouwu 的治疗学的剂量的 cotreatment 能在老鼠导致肝损害,而独唱治疗不能导致看得见的损害。在现在的工作,用成分大美人和敲门在里面策略,我们发现 Heshouwu 的乙醇醋酸盐(EA ) 摘录在对待 LPS 的老鼠显示了可比较的特质的 hepatotoxicity 到整个摘录。结果显示血浆丙氨酸 aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase,和肝 histologic 的重要举起变化,而另外的分开的部分没能导致肝损害。有另外的分开的部分的 EA 摘录的混合在对待 LPS 的老鼠导致了可比较的特质的 hepatotoxicity 到整个摘录。化学分析进一步揭示了那 2,3,5,4-tetrahydroxy trans-stilbene-2-O -- 配糖物(trans-SG ) 和它的 cis 异构体是在 EA 的二主要混合物摘录。而且,孤立的 cis- ,并且不它的 trans 异构体,显示的可比较的特质的 hepatotoxicity 到在对待 LPS 的老鼠的 EA 摘录。cis-SG 的更高的内容从与收集的将军相比与 Heshouwu 联系的实际的肝沉醉病人在 Heshouwu 白酒或准备被检测样品。另外,血浆 metabolomics 分析证明 cis-SG-disturbing 充实显著地不同于的小径在对待 LPS 的老鼠的 trans-SG。所有这些结果建议 cis-SG 仔细与 Heshouwu 的特质的 hepatotoxicity 被联系。认为 trans-SG 的 cis-trans 异构化被紫外光或日光调停,我们的调查结果为在药发现控制 photoisomerization 并且为 Heshouwu 和芪相关的药的临床的使用用作参考。 | Chunyu Li Ming Niu Zhaofang Bai Congen Zhang Yanling Zhao Ruiyu Li Can Tu Huifang Li Jing Jing Yakun Meng Zhijie Ma Wuwen Feng Jinfa Tang Yun Zhu Jinjie Li Xiaoya Shang Zhengsheng Zou Xiaohe Xiao Jiabo Wang | 2017 | Frontiers of Medicine2017，11，2： | 41 |
| 16 | Epidemiology of fungal infections in China显示文摘与 immunocompromised 主人的增加的数字,真菌的感染的流行病学的特征经历了世界范围的庞大的变化,在中国包括。在这份报纸,我们越过中国在真菌病上考察了存在数据总结可得到的流行病学的侧面。我们发现在中国的表面的真菌的感染的一般发生是稳定的,但是癣 capitis 的发生减少了,传播线路变化了。由对比,侵略真菌的感染的全面发生继续升起了。candidemia 的出现由除 C 以外的 Candida 种类引起了。albicans 和不平常的 Candida 种类最近在中国增加了的包括的一些。曲霉属菌引起的感染也在最近的年里宣传了,特别地与 azole 抵抗的曲霉属菌 fumigatus 的出现。cryptococcosis 的一个增加的趋势在中国被注意了,与 Cryptococcus neoformans var。grubii 圣 5 遗传型作为占优势的病原体孤立。回顾的研究建议了在中国的 Pneumocystis 肺病的流行病学的特征可能类似于在另外的发展中的国家的那些。地方性的真菌的感染例如在东北中国的 sporotrichosis,必须引起研究,诊断,并且处理警戒。当前,在中国的真菌病上的流行病学的数据可变、碎片。因此,关于在中国的真菌的感染的全国流行病学的研究是对改进国家健康的重要需要。 | Min Chen Yuan Xu Nan Hong Yali Yang Wenzhi Lei Lin Du Jingjun Zhao Xia Lei Lin Xiong Langqi Cai Hui Xu Weihua Pan Wanqing Liao | 2018 | Frontiers of Medicine2018，12，1： | 49 |
| 17 | Subduction zone geochemistry显示文摘Crustal recycling at convergent plate boundaries is essential to mantle heterogeneity.However,crustal signatures in the mantle source of basaltic rocks above subduction zones were primarily incorporated in the form of liquid rather than solid phases.The physicochemical property of liquid phases is determined by the dehydration behavior of crustal rocks at the slab-mantle interface in subduction channels.Because of the significant fractionation in incompatible trace elements but the full inheritance in radiogenic isotopes relative to their crustal sources,the production of liquid phases is crucial to the geochemical transfer from the subducting crust into the mantle.In this process,the stability of specific minerals in subducting crustal rocks exerts a primary control on the enrichment of given trace elements in the liquid phases.For this reason,geochemically enriched oceanic basalts can be categorized into two types in terms of their trace element distribution patterns in the primitive mantle-normalized diagram.One is island arc basalts(IAB),showing enrichment in LILE,Pb and LREE but depletion in HFSE such as Nb and Ta relative to HREE,The other is ocean island basalts(OIB),exhibiting enrichment in LILE and LREE,enrichment or non-depletion in HFSE but depletion in Pb relative to HREE.In either types,these basalts show the enhanced enrichment of LILE and LREE with increasing their incompatibility relative to normal mid-ocean ridge basalts(MORB).The thermal regime of subduction zones can be categorized into two stages in both time and space,The first stage is characterized by compressional tectonism at low thermal gradients.As a consequence,metamorphic dehydration of the subducting crust prevails at forearc to subarc depths due to the breakdown of hydrous minerals such as mica and amphibole in the stability field of garnet and rutile,resulting in the liberation of aqueous solutions with the trace element composition that is considerably enriched in LILE,Pb and LREE but depleted in HFSE and HREE relative to normal MORB.This provides the crustal signature for the mantle sources of IAB.The second stage is indicated by extensional tectonism at high thermal gradients,leading to the partial melting of metamorphically dehydrated crustal rocks at subarc to postarc depths.This involves not only the breakdown of hydrous minerals such as amphibole,phengite and allanite in the stability field of garnet but also the dissolution of rutile into hydrous melts.As such,the hydrous melts can acquire the trace element composition that is significantly enriched in LILE,HFSE and LREE but depleted in Pb and HREE relative to normal MORB,providing the crustal signature for the mantle sources of OIB.In either case,these liquid phases would metasomatize the overlying mantle wedge peridotite at different depths,generating ultramafic metasomatites such as serpentinized and chloritized peridotites,and olivine-poor pyroxenites and hornblendites.As a consequence,the crustal signatures are transferred by the liquid phases from the subducting slab into the mantle. | Yong-Fei Zheng | 2019 | Geoscience Frontiers2019，10，4： | 47 |
| 18 | Rare earth elements:A review of applications, occurrence,exploration,analysis,recycling, and environmental impact显示文摘Rare earth elements(REE)include the lanthanide series elements(La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Pm,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy.Ho,Er,Tm,Yb,and Lu)plus Sc and Y.Currently these metals have become very critical to several modern technologies ranging from cell phones and televisions to LED light bulbs and wind turbines.This article summarizes the occurrence of these metals in the Earth’s crust,their mineralogy,different types of deposits both on land and oceans from the standpoint of the new data with more examples from the Indian subcontinent.In addition to their utility to understand the formation of the major Earth reservoirs.multi-faceted updates on the applications of REE in agriculture and medicine including new emerging ones are presented.Environmental hazards including human health issues due to REE mining and large-scale dumping of e-waste containing significant concentrations of REE are summarized.New strategies for the future supply of REE including recent developments in the extraction of REE from coal fired ash and recycling from e-waste are presented.Recent developments in individual REE separation technologies in both metallurgical and recycling operations have been highlighted.An outline of the analytical methods for their precise and accurate determinations required in all these studies,such as,Xray fluorescence spectrometry(XRF),laser induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS),instrumental neutron activation analysis(INAA),inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry(ICP-OES),glow discharge mass spectrometry(GD-MS),inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(including ICP-MS,ICP-TOF-MS,HR-ICP-MS with laser ablation as well as solution nebulization)and other instrumental techniques,in different types of materials are presented. | V.Balaram | 2019 | Geoscience Frontiers2019，10，4： | 42 |
| 19 | A review of mineral systems and associated tectonic settings of northern Xinjiang,NW China显示文摘在这份报纸我们在场在北 Xinjiang 的矿物质系统的评论, NW 中国,集中于 Tianshan,韦斯特和东方 Junggar 和 Altay orogenic 系上带子,所有哪个是更大的中央亚洲 Orogenic 带(CAOB ) 的部分。CAOB 是古老的 microcontinents,岛弧,海洋的 plateaux 和海洋的盘子的复杂大杂烩,它在早 Palaeozoic 被混合并且增大到早二叠的时间。CAOB 大杂烩的建立被罢工滑倒运动跟随并且由 intraplate magmatism 影响了,连接了到披风羽毛活动,最好由 250 个妈西伯利亚的陷井和 280 妈 Tarim 事件例示。在北 Xinjiang,有众多、经济地重要的矿物质系统。在这贡献,我们描述代表性的矿藏的一种选择,包括 subduction 相关的斑岩和 epithermal 沉积物, volcanogenic 巨大的硫醚和 skarn 系统。砍招待地区的 Au 矿脉可能是首先形成了在罢工滑倒期间侵入相关、随后重做变丑。Intraplate magmatism 导致了炮兵阵地同中心地 zoned (阿拉斯加人风格) maficultramafic 侵入,许多哪个主人 orthomagmatic 硫醚沉积物。在 Altay orogen 的伟晶岩的一条巨大的带,局部地招待世界级的稀罕金属沉积物。转动前面,招待沙岩的 U mineralisation 完成北 Xinjiang 岩层的富有的矿物质天赋。 | Franco Pirajno Reimar Seltmann Yongqiang Yang | 2011 | Geoscience Frontiers2011，2，2： | 39 |
| 20 | Estimation of soil erosion risk within a small mountainous sub-watershed in Kerala,India,using Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE) and geo-information technology显示文摘集成的全面方法论修订了通用土壤损失系统(GIS ) 技术被采用决定 forested 的土壤侵蚀危险的方程(RUSLE ) 模型和地理信息在 Kerala 的多山的亚分水岭,印度。年度土壤侵蚀率的空间模式被在一个光栅集成 geo 环境的变量获得基于的 GIS 方法。包括的 GIS 数据层,降雨 erosivity (R) ,土壤 erodability (K) ,斜坡长度和险峻,盖子管理(C) 和保存实践(P) 因素(LS ) 被计算决定他们的效果在区域的平均年度的土壤损失。年度土壤侵蚀的结果的地图在陡峭的方面斜坡上与与草土地区域,降级的森林和脱落森林的一种靠近的关系显示出 17.73 t h-1 y-1 的最大的土壤损失(与高 LS ) 。与 RUSLE 方法和 GIS 产生的空间侵蚀地图能在为土地在环境地敏感的多山的区域计划和管理导出策略用作有效输入。 | V.Prasannakumar H.Vijith S.Abinod N.Geetha | 2012 | Geoscience Frontiers2012，3，2： | 35 |
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