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| 1 | Indications and surgical options for small bowel, large bowel and perianal Crohn's disease显示文摘Despite advancements in medical therapy of Crohn's disease(CD), majority of patients with CD will eventually require surgical intervention, with at least a third of patients requiring multiple surgeries. It is important to understand the role and timing of surgery, with the goals of therapy to reduce the need for surgery without increasing the odds of emergency surgery and its associated morbidity, as well as to limit surgical recurrence and avoid intestinal failure. The profile of CD patients requiring surgical intervention has changed over the decades with improvements in medical therapy with immunomodulators and biological agents. The most common indication for surgery is obstruction from stricturing disease, followed by abscesses and fistulae. The risk of gastrointestinal bleeding in CD is high but the likelihood of needing surgery for bleeding is low. Most major gastrointestinal bleeding episodes resolve spontaneously, albeit the risk of re-bleeding is high. The risk of colorectal cancer associated with CD is low. While current surgical guidelines recommend a total proctocolectomy for colorectal cancer associated with CD, subtotal colectomy or segmental colectomy with endoscopic surveillance may be a reasonable option. Approximately 20%-40% of CD patients will need perianal surgery during their lifetime. This review assesses the practice parameters and guidelines in the surgical management of CD, with a focus on the indications for surgery in CD(and when not to operate), and a critical evaluation of the timing and surgical options available to improve outcomes and reduce recurrence rates. | James WT Toh Peter Stewart Matthew JFX Rickard Rupert Leong Nelson Wang Christopher J Young | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，40： | 2 |
| 2 | Gas–metal reaction products in the erosion of chromium-plated gun bores显示文摘 | Paul J Cote Christopher Rickard | 2000 | Wear2000，，1： | 2 |
| 3 | An investigation on integration of aggregate production planning, through a common data model 显示文摘 | Das B P Rickard J G | 2000 | Computer & Chemical Engineering2000，24，27： | 2 |
| 4 | CLIP-170 links endocytic vesicles to microtubules显示文摘 | Pierre P Scheel J Rickard J E | 1992 | Cell1992，70，6： | 1 |
| 5 | Gasmetal reaction products inthe erosion of chromiumplated gun bores 显示文摘 | COTE P J RICKARD C | 2000 | Wear2000，214，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Deletion of mineralocorticoid receptors from macrophages protects against deoxycorticosterone/sah-induced cardiac fibrosis and increased blood pressure 显示文摘 | Rickard A J Morgan J Tesch G | 2009 | Hypertension2009，54，53： | 1 |
| 7 | Central venous catheters:a survey of ICU practices显示文摘 | Rickard CM Courtney M Webster J | 2004 | J Adv Nurs2004，48，3： | 1 |
| 8 | Acid volatile sulfide (AVS) 显示文摘 | Rickard D Morse J W | 2005 | Mar Chem2005，97，34： | 1 |
| 9 | Characterizaon of super-response to cardiac resynchronization therapy显示文摘 | Rickard J Kumbhani DJ Popovic Z | | 0，，7： | 1 |
| 10 | Prospec-tive study of peripheral arterial catheter infection andcomparison with concurrently sited central venous cathe-ters显示文摘 | KohD B Gowardman J R Rickard C M | 2008 | Crit Care Med2008，36，2： | 1 |
| 11 | Chemical dynamics of sedimentary acid volatile sulfide 显示文摘 | Morse J W Rickard D | 2004 | Environ Sci Technol2004，38，7： | 1 |
| 12 | Cardiac resynchronization therapy in non-left bundle branch block morphologies显示文摘 | Rickard J Kumbhani D J Gorodeski EZ | 2010 | Pacing Clin Electrophysiol2010，33，： | 1 |
| 13 | Acid volatile sulfide(AVS)显示文摘 | Rickard D Morse J W | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 14 | Fiaxseed and its lignan and oil components reduce mammary tumor growth at a late stage of carcinogenesis显示文摘 | Thompson L U Rickard S E Orcheson L J | 1996 | Carcinogenesis1996，17，： | 1 |
| 15 | Allelopathic actions of the alkaloid 12-epi-hapalindole Eisonitrile and calothrixin A from cyanobacteria of the genera Fischerella and Calothrix显示文摘 | THANH D N RICKARDS R W ROTHSCHILD J M | 2000 | Journal of Applied Phycology2000，12，35： | 1 |
| 16 | Relationship of fractional exhaled nitric oxide levels(Fe NO)to GOLD classification and underlying disease classification in COPD显示文摘 | Donohue J Herje N Rickard K | 2013 | Chest2013，144，4： | 1 |
| 17 | Anastomotic leakage is predictive of diminished survival after potentially curative resection for colorectal cancer显示文摘 | Walker KG Bell SW Rickard M J | 2004 | Ann Surgery2004，240，2： | 1 |
| 18 | Chemical dynamics of sedimentary acid volatile sulfide 显示文摘 | MORSE J W RICKARD D | 2004 | Environmental Science and Technolo- gy2004，38，： | 1 |
| 19 | Results of the Enumeration of Costas Arrays of Order 27 显示文摘 | Drakakis K Rickard S Beard J K | 2008 | IEEE Trans on Informa- tion Theory2008，54，10： | 1 |
| 20 | Estrogen regulation of human osteo-blast function is determined by the stage of differentiation andthe estrogen receptor isoform 显示文摘 | WATERS K M RICKARD D J RIGGS B L | 2001 | Cell Biochem2001，83，3： | 1 |
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