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| 1 | 药物不良反应:定义、诊断与管理显示文摘我们将药物不良反应定义为'药物用于防治疾病而引起可以觉察到的有害的或不利的反应,这预示着继续给药会有危险,需要预防或特定治疗措施,或减少剂量,乃至停药',这样一些反应现今以世界卫生组织不良反应术语(WHO-ART)进行报告,后者终将成为国际疾病分类(ICD)的一个组成部分. | I Ralph Edwards Jeffrey K Aronson | 2001 | 药物不良反应杂志2001，3，2： | 14 |
| 2 | Standard forward-viewing colonoscopy versus full-spectrum endoscopy: an international, multicentre, randomised, tandem colonoscopy trial显示文摘 | Ian M Gralnek Peter D Siersema Zamir Halpern Ori Segol Alaa Melhem Alain Suissa Erwin Santo Alan Sloyer Jay Fenster Leon M G Moons Vincent K Dik Ralph B D’Agostino Douglas K Rex | 2014 | Lancet Oncology2014，，3： | 6 |
| 3 | Feasibility study of computed vs measured high b-value(1400 s/mm2) diffusion-weighted MR images of the prostate显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the impact of computed b = 1400 s/mm2(C-b1400) vs measured b = 1400 s/mm2(M-b1400) diffusion-weighted images(DWI) on lesion detection rate, image quality and quality of lesion demarcation using a modern 3T-MR system based on a small-field-of-view sequence(sFOV). METHODS: Thirty patients(PSA: 9.5 ± 8.7 ng/mL; 68 ± 12 years) referred for magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) of the prostate were enrolled in this study. All measurements were performed on a 3T MR system.For DWI, a single-shot EPI diffusion sequence(b = 0, 100, 400, 800 s/mm2) was utilized. C-b1400 was cal-culated voxelwise from the ADC and diffusion images. Additionally, M-b1400 was acquired for evaluation and comparison. Lesion detection rate and maximum lesion diameters were obtained and compared. Image quality and quality of lesion demarcation were rated accord-ing to a 5-point Likert-type scale. Ratios of lesion-to-bladder as well as prostate-to-bladder signal intensity(SI) were calculated to estimate the signal-to-noise-ratio(SNR). RESULTS: Twenty-four lesions were detected on M-b1400 images and compared to C-b1400 images. C-b1400 detected three additional cancer suspicious lesions. Overall image quality was rated significantly better and SI ratios were significantly higher on C-b1400(2.3 ± 0.8 vs 3.1 ± 1.0, P < 0.001; 5.6 ± 1.8 vs 2.8 ± 0.9, P < 0.001). Comparison of lesion size showed no significant differences between C- and M-b1400(P = 0.22). CONCLUSION: Combination of a high b-value extrap-olation and sFOV may contribute to increase diagnostic accuracy of DWI without an increase of acquisition time, which may be useful to guide targeted prostate biopsies and to improve quality of multiparametric MRI(mMRI) especially under economical aspects in a pri-vate practice setting. | Leonardo K Bittencourt Ulrike I Attenberger Daniel Lima Ralph Strecker Andre de Oliveira Stefan O Schoenberg Emerson L Gasparetto Daniel Hausmann | 2014 | World Journal of Radiology2014，6，6： | 5 |
| 4 | Phylogenetic relationship among Libellula Ladona and Plathemis(Odonata: Libellulidae) based on DNA sequence of mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene显示文摘 | SR INIVAS K RALPHE C | 1999 | Syst Ent1999，24，： | 2 |
| 5 | The fusarium wilt resistance locus Fom-2 of melon contains a single resistance gene with complex features显示文摘 | TAREK J JOSEPH J K SHELLY J N CLAUDE E T RALPH A D | 2004 | The Plant Journal2004，39，： | 1 |
| 6 | XLGs is a new type of G protein显示文摘 | Ralph K Julia M Wleland H | 1994 | Nature1994，372，： | 1 |
| 7 | A lite- rature review of the epidemiology and treatment of acute gout显示文摘 | KIM K Y RALPH S H HUNSCHE E | 2003 | Clin Ther2003，25，6： | 1 |
| 8 | Computer study of inter- and intragrunular surface cracks in brittle polycrystals显示文摘 | SPYCHALSKI W KURZYDLOWSKI K J RALPH B | 2002 | Materials Characterization2002，49，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Characterization of a chitinase gene from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain 34S1 and its involvement in biological control显示文摘 | DONALD Y K RALPH M R JULIE ANN B | 2002 | Appl Environ Microbiol2002，68，： | 1 |
| 10 | New high-speed scanning technique for Computed Radiography显示文摘 | Ralph S Robert F Peter K | 2002 | SPIE2002，4682，： | 1 |
| 11 | Urologieal complications after radical abdominal hysterectomy for cervical cancer显示文摘 | Ralph G Tamussino K Lichtenegger W | 1988 | Baillieres Clin Obstet Gynaecol1988，2，4： | 1 |
| 12 | Locoweed poison ing in livestock显示文摘 | Cook D Ralphs M H Welch K D | 2009 | Soci Ran Manage2009，，2： | 1 |
| 13 | Biomechanical analysis of transpedicular screw fixation in the subaxial cervical spine 显示文摘 | Ralph K Wolfgang R Erich S | 2004 | Spine2004，2917，： | 1 |
| 14 | On the role of revenue-sharing contracts in supply chains显示文摘 | Harish K Ralph A W | 2011 | Operations Research Letters2011，39，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Effects of common inorganic anions on rate of photocalytic oxidation of oranic carbonover illuminated TiO2 显示文摘 | MOHAMED A GARY K C RALPH M | 1990 | J Phs Chem1990，94，： | 1 |
| 16 | Function of phytochelatin synthase in catabolism of glutathione conjugates显示文摘 | Ralph B Andreas B Arthur K | 2007 | The Plant Journal2007，49，： | 1 |
| 17 | Lig-nins : Natural polymers from oxidative coupling of 4-hydroxyphenyl-propanoids 显示文摘 | RALPH J LUNDQUIST K BRUNOW G | 2004 | Phytochemistry Reviews2004，3，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Isolation and culture of adult mouse hepatocytes显示文摘 | Li W C Ralphs K L Tosh D | 2010 | Methods Mol Biol2010，633，： | 1 |
| 19 | Lysozyme synthesis by established human and murine histiocytic lymphoma cell lines显示文摘 | Ralph P Moore MA Nilsson K | | 0，，06： | 1 |
| 20 | 显示文摘 | Michael V D P Randolph K B Ralph J B | 1995 | Journal of Fluorine Chemistry1995，，71： | 1 |
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