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| 1 | Risk for emerging bipolar disorder, variants, and symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, now grown up显示文摘AIM: To determine the prevalence of bipolar disorder(BD) and sub-threshold symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) through 14 years' follow-up, when participants were between 21-24 years old.METHODS: First, we examined rates of BD type Ⅰ?and Ⅱ diagnoses in youth participating in the NIMH-funded Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD(MTA). We used the diagnostic interview schedule for children(DISC), administered to both parents(DISC-P) and youth(DISCY). We compared the MTA study subjects with ADHD(n = 579) to a local normative comparison group(LNCG, n = 289) at 4 different assessment points: 6, 8, 12, and 14 years of follow-ups. To evaluate the bipolar variants, we compared total symptom counts(TSC) of DSM manic and hypomanic symptoms that were generated by DISC in ADHD and LNCG subjects. Then we sub-divided the TSC into pathognomonic manic(PM) and non-specific manic(NSM) symptoms. We compared the PM and NSM in ADHD and LNCG at each assessment point and over time. We also evaluated the irritability as category A2 manic symptom in both groups and over time. Finally, we studied the irritability symptom in correlation with PM and NSM in ADHD and LNCG subjects.RESULTS: DISC-generated BD diagnosis did not differ significantly in rates between ADHD(1.89%) and LNCG 1.38%). Interestingly, no participant met BD diagnosis more than once in the 4 assessment points in 14 years. However, on the symptom level, ADHD subjects reported significantly higher mean TSC scores: ADHD 3.0; LNCG 1.7; P < 0.001. ADHD status was associated with higher mean NSM: ADHD 2.0 vs LNCG 1.1; P < 0.0001. Also, ADHD subjects had higher PM symptoms than LNCG, with PM means over all time points of 1.3 ADHD; 0.9 LNCG; P = 0.0001. Examining both NSM and PM, ADHD status associated with greater NSM than PM. However, Over 14 years, the NSM symptoms declined and changed to PM over time(df 3, 2523; F = 20.1; P < 0.0001). Finally, Irritability(BD DSM criterion-A2) rates were significantly higher in ADHD than LNCG(χ2 = 122.2, P < 0.0001), but irritability was associated more strongly with NSM than PM(df 3, 2538; F = 43.2; P < 0.0001).CONCLUSION: Individuals with ADHD do not appear to be at significantly greater risk for developing BD, but do show higher rates of BD symptoms, especially NSM. The greater linkage of irritability to NSM than to PM suggests caution when making BD diagnoses based on irritability alone as one of 2(A-level) symptoms for BD diagnosis, particularly in view of its frequent presentation with other psychopathologies. | Ahmed Z Elmaadawi Peter S Jensen L Eugene Arnold Brooke SG Molina Lily Hechtman Howard B Abikoff Stephen P Hinshaw Jeffrey H Newcorn Laurence Lee Greenhill James M Swanson Cathryn A Galanter | 2015 | World Journal of Psychiatry2015，5，4： | 3 |
| 2 | Some recent theoretical advances in the understanding of the catalytic activity of Au 显示文摘 | MOLINA L M HAMMER B | 2005 | Applied Catalysis A: General2005，291，12： | 1 |
| 3 | Intra-arterial administration of microbubbles and continuous 2-MHz ultrasound insonation to enhance intra-arterial thrombolysis显示文摘 | Ribo M Molina CA Alvarez B | 2010 | J Neuroimaging2010，20，3： | 1 |
| 4 | Processing of Soot in an Urban Environment:Case Study from the Mexico City Metropolitan Area显示文摘 | Johnson K S Zuberi B Molina L T | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 5 | High-Temperature Internal Friction in Polycrystalline Zirconium and Zircaloy-4显示文摘 | Molinas B J | 1983 | J Nucl Mater1983，114，： | 1 |
| 6 | Update on medical therapy for obscure gastrointestinal hemorrhage显示文摘 | Molina Infante J Pérez Gallardo B Fernández Bermejo M | 2007 | Revista Espaola de Enfermedades Digestivas2007，99，8： | 1 |
| 7 | First genotyping of Giardia lamblia from human and animal feces in Argentina, South America 显示文摘 | Minvielle M C Molina N B Polverino D | 2008 | Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz2008，103，1： | 1 |
| 8 | High-Temperature Internal Friction in Polycrystalline Zirconium and Zircaloy-4显示文摘 | Molinas B J | 1985 | J Mater Sci1985，20，： | 1 |
| 9 | Aerosol compositionand source apportionment in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area with PIXE/PESA/STIM and multivariate analysis 显示文摘 | Johnson K S Foy B D Molina L T | 2006 | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics2006，6，： | 1 |
| 10 | Oligoclonal bands and antibody responses in multiple sclerosis显示文摘 | Correale J de los Milagros B Molinas M | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 11 | High-Temperature Internal Friction in Polycrystalline Zirconium and Zircaloy-4显示文摘 | Molinas B J | 1986 | J Mater Sci1986，21，： | 1 |
| 12 | Internet-based tourism serviees: business issues and trends显示文摘 | Rayman B L Molina A | 2001 | Futures2001，33，7： | 1 |
| 13 | A comparison of Al-Fe and Zr- Fe pillared clays for catalytic wet peroxide oxidation 显示文摘 | Molina C B Casas J A Zazo J A | 2006 | Chem Eng J2006，，118： | 1 |
| 14 | Herpes-virus infection in pa- tients with Langerhaas cell histiocytosis:a case-controlled sero-epidemio- logical study,and in situ analysis显示文摘 | Jeziorski E Senechal B Molina TJ | 2008 | PLoS One2008，233，9： | 1 |
| 15 | Control and eradication of Brucella melitensis infection in sheep and goats 显示文摘 | BLASCO J M MOLINA - FLORES B | 2011 | Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract2011，27，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Characterization of tomato cycling Dof factors reveals conserved and new functions in the control of flowering time and abiotic stress responses 显示文摘 | Corrales A R Nebauer S G Carrillo L Fernandez-Nohales P Marques J Renau-Morata B Granell A Pollmann S Vicente- Carbajosa J Molina R V Medina J | 2014 | Journal of Experimental Botany2014，65，4： | 1 |
| 17 | Prenasal thickness in trisomy -21 fetuses at 16-24 weeks of gestation显示文摘 | Persico N B orenstein M Molina F | 2008 | Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol2008，32，6： | 1 |
| 18 | Analysis of gene status in cervical dysplastic lesions and squamous cell carcinoma using tissue microarrays显示文摘 | Costa C Espinet B Molina MA | 2009 | Histol Histopathol2009，24，7： | 1 |
| 19 | Sedimentary fades and three-dimensional reconstructions of upper Oligocene meander belts from the Loranca Basin,Spain显示文摘 | Molina M D Mufioz-Garcia M B | 2010 | AAPG Bulletin2010，94，： | 1 |
| 20 | Analysis of gene status in cervical dysplastic lesions and squamous cell carcinoma using tissue microarrays显示文摘 | Costa C Espinet B Molina M A | 2009 | Histol Histopathol2009，24，7： | 1 |
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