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| 1 | Human amniotic membrane transplantation: Different modalities of its use in ophthalmology显示文摘The amniotic membrane(AM) is the inner layer of the fetal membranes and consist of 3 different layers: the epithelium, basement membrane and stroma which further consists of three contiguous but distinct layers: the inner compact layer, middle fibroblast layer and the outermost spongy layer. The AM has been shown to have anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, anti-angiogenic as well as anti-microbial properties. Also because of its transparent structure, lack of immunogenicity and the ability to provide an excellent substrate for growth, migration and adhesion of epithelial corneal and conjunctival cells, it is being used increasingly for ocular surface reconstruction in a variety of ocular pathologies including corneal disorders associated with limbal stem cell deficiency, surgeries for conjunctival reconstruction, as a carrier for ex vivo expansion of limbal epithelial cells, glaucoma surgeries and sceral melts and perforations. However indiscriminate use of human AM needs to be discouraged as complications though infrequent can occur. These include risk of transmission of bacterial, viral or fungal infections to the recipient if the donors are not adequately screened for communicable diseases, if the membrane is not processed under sterile condi-tions or if storage is improper. Optimal outcomes can be achieved only with meticulous case selection. This review explores the ever expanding ophthalmological indications for the use of human AM. | Chintan Malhotra Arun K Jain | 2014 | World Journal of Transplantation2014，4，2： | 21 |
| 2 | Total hip replacement for arthritis following tuberculosis of hip显示文摘AIM: To present the results of total hip arthroplasty(THA) for post tubercular arthritis of the hip joint.METHODS: Sixty-five patients(45 male, 20 female) with previously treated tuberculosis of the hip joint underwent cementless THA for post tubercular arthritis. The average age at the time of THA was 48 years(range 29 to 65 years). Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C reactive protein, chest X-ray and contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging were done preoperatively to confirm resolution of the disease and to rule out any residual disease. Intra-operative samples were taken for microbiological examination, polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and histological examination. Patients were started on anti-tubercular drugs one week before the operation and continued for 6 mo post operatively. The patients were followed up clinically using the Harris hip score as well as radiologically for any loosening of the implants, osteolysis and any recurrence of tuberculosis. Any complications especially the recurrence of the infection was also recorded.RESULTS: The mean interval from completion of antitubercular therapy for tuberculosis to surgery was 4.2 years(range, 2-6 years). Preoperatively, 17 patients had ankylosis whereas 48 patients had functional but painful range of motion. The mean surgical time was 97 min(range, 65-125) whereas the mean blood loss was 600 m L(range, 400-900 m L). The average follow up was 8.3 years(range 6-11 years). The average Harris Hip score improved from 27 preoperatively to 91 at the final follow up. Seventeen patients had acetabularprotrusion which was managed with impaction grafting and cementless acetabular cup. The bone graft had consolidated in all these 17 patients at the follow up. Two patients developed discharging sinuses at 9 and 11 mo postoperatively respectively. The discharge tested positive for tuberculosis on the PCR. Both these patients were put on antitubercular therapy for another year. Both of them recovered and had no evidence of any loosening or osteolysis on X-rays. There were no other complications recorded.CONCLUSION: Total hip replacement restores good function to patients suffering from post tubercular arthritis of the hip. | Vijay Kumar Bhavuk Garg Rajesh Malhotra | 2015 | World Journal of Orthopedics2015，6，8： | 19 |
| 3 | 18F-FDGPET/CT对局部进展性乳腺癌病人新辅助化疗早期反应的评价作用显示文摘我们评估^18F—FDG PET/CT对于乳腺癌病人新辅助化疗(NACT)2个周期后反应的评价作用。23例女性局部进展性乳腺癌病人纳入本研究。NACT2个周期后,根据临床检查、CT和^18F—FDG PET/CT评价早期反应。以NACT6个周期后手术病理结果作为参照。治疗前PET/CT显示23例病人共有26个病灶。原发性肿瘤大小为1.90~11.60cm,FDG最大标准摄取值(SUVmax)为3.6~38.6(平均11.7)。NACT2个周期后行PET/CT检查,原发性肿瘤大小为0.0—7.6cm, | A. Kumar R. Kumar V. Seenu S.D. Gupta M. Chawla A. Malhotra 范璐(译) 刘筠(校) | 2009 | 国际医学放射学杂志2009，32，4： | 18 |
| 4 | Sitagliptin in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial显示文摘AIM To evaluate the effect of sitagliptin vs placebo on histologic and non-histologic parameters of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH).METHODS Twelve patients with biopsy-proven NASH were randomized to sitagliptin(100 mg daily)(n=6)or placebo(n=6)for 24 wk.The primary outcome was improvement in liver fibrosis after 24 wk.Secondary outcomes included evaluation of changes in NAFLD activity score(NAS),individual components of NAS(hepatocyte ballooning,lobular inflammation,and steatosis),glycemic control and insulin resistance[including measurements of glycated hemoglobin(Hb A1C)and adipocytokines],lipid profile including free fatty acids,adipose distribution measured using magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),and thrombosis markers(platelet aggregation and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 levels).We also sought to determine the correlation between changes in hepatic fat fraction(%)[as measured using the Iterative Decomposition of water and fat with Echo Asymmetry and Least-squares estimation(IDEAL)MRI technique]and changes in hepatic steatosis on liver biopsy.RESULTS Sitagliptin was not significantly better than placebo at reducing liver fibrosis score as measured on liver biopsy(mean difference between sitagliptin and placebo arms,0.40,P=0.82).There were no significant improvements evident with the use of sitagliptin vs placebo for the secondary histologic outcomes of NAS total score as well as for the individual components of NAS.Compared to baseline,those patients who received sitagliptin demonstrated improved Hb A1C(6.7%±0.4%vs 7.9%±1.0%,P=0.02),and trended towards improved adiponectin levels(4.7±3.5μg/m L vs 3.9±2.7μg/m L,P=0.06)and triglyceride levels(1.26±0.43 mmol/L vs 2.80±1.64 mmol/L,P=0.08).However,when compared with placebo,sitagliptin did not cause a statistically significant improvement in Hb A1C(mean difference,-0.7%,P=0.19)nor triglyceride levels(mean difference-1.10mmol/L,P=0.19)but did trend towards improved adiponectin levels only(mean difference,0.60μg/m L,P=0.095).No significant changes in anthropometrics,liver enzymes,other adipocytokines,lipid profile,thrombosis parameters,or adipose distribution were demonstrated.The MRI IDEAL procedure correlated well with steatosis scores obtained on liver biopsy in both groups at baseline and post-treatment,and the Spearman correlation coefficients ranged from r=0.819(baseline)to r=0.878(post-treatment),P=0.002.CONCLUSION Sitagliptin does not improve fibrosis score or NAS after 24 wk of therapy.The MRI IDEAL technique may be useful for non-invasive measurement of hepatic steatosis. | Tisha R Joy Charles A McKenzie Rommel G Tirona Kelly Summers Shannon Seney Subrata Chakrabarti Neel Malhotra Melanie D Beaton | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，1： | 18 |
| 5 | 汇率制度与经济增长:来自亚洲发展中国家和欧洲发达国家的经验研究显示文摘汇率制度选择在国际金融学和发展经济学领域都是一个重要课题。已有的理论文献和实证研究文献试图通过研究汇率制度选择对各种宏观经济变量和金融变量的影响来确定一种最优汇率制度,但这两组文献都未能提出令人信服的答案。本文运用雷因哈特和罗格夫(2004)提出的新的汇率制度分类方法,研究汇率制度选择与亚洲新兴发展中经济体和欧洲发展国家经济增长率之间的关系。我们发现了两个有趣的经济规律:第一,对发达的欧洲国家而言,更具弹性的汇率制度带来较高的经济增长率,而经济增长率的差异并非取决于汇率制度选择;第二,对于亚洲新兴经济体而言,更具弹性的汇率制度却会带来较低的经济增长率,并且会导致经济增长出现更大的波动性。我们的发现证实了最优汇率制度选择取决于经济发展水平这一结论。 | 黄海洲 Priyanka Malhotra | 2005 | 经济学(季刊)2005，4，4： | 17 |
| 6 | Compartmentalized Metabolic Engineering for Artemisinin Biosynthesis and Effective Malaria Treatment by Oral Delivery of Plant Cells显示文摘Artemisinin 对药抵抗的疟疾的寄生虫是高度有效的,它将近影响全球人口和杀死的一半 > 500 000 个人每年。artemisinin 的主要费用是过去常从 Artemisia annua 提取并且净化这药的昂贵的过程。这显然不必要的步的消除将在地方性的区域使这有势力抗疟药药买得起到全球人口生活。这里,我们报导了非蛋白质药 artemisinin biosynthesized 的口头的交货(0.8 mg/g 干燥重量) 在在由设计二的烟草的临床上有意义的层次,新陈代谢的小径指向了到三不同细胞的分隔空间(叶绿体,原子核,和线粒体) 。二倍地转基因的线显示出 isopentenyl 焦磷酸盐的三方面的改进,并且指向 AACPR, DBR2,和 CYP71AV1 到叶绿体导致了更高的表示和 dihydroartemisinic 酸的有效相片氧化到 artemisinin。从转基因的烟草植物的叶子的部分净化的摘录在变形体感染 falciparum 的红血房间的 vitro 生长前进禁止了。artemisinin 减少了的整个未经触动的植物房间 bioencapsulating 的口头的喂在与商业药比较的质问老鼠的 parasitemia 层次。如此的新奇 synergistic 途径应该通过可食的植物的新陈代谢的工程便于 artemisinin 和另外的药的便宜生产和交货。 | Karan Malhotra Mayavan Subramaniyan Khushboo Rawat Md. Kalamuddin M. Irfan Qureshi Pawan Malhotra Asif Mohmmed Katrina Cornish Henry Daniell Shashi Kumar1 | 2016 | Molecular Plant2016，9，11： | 14 |
| 7 | Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis:A comprehensive review显示文摘Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs) are monoclonal antibodies that target downregulators of the anti-cancer immune response: Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4, programmed cell death protein-1, and its ligand programmed death-ligand 1.ICIs have revolutionized the treatment of a variety of malignancies. However,many immune-related adverse events have also been described which mainly occurs as the immune system becomes less suppressed, affecting various organs including the gastrointestinal tract and causing diarrhea and colitis. The incidence of immune-mediated colitis(IMC) ranges from 1%-25% depending on the type of ICI and if used in combination. Endoscopically and histologically there is a significant overlap between IMC and inflammatory bowel disease,however more neutrophilic inflammation without chronic inflammation is usually present in IMC. Corticosteroids are recommended for grade 2 or more severe colitis while holding the immunotherapy. About one third to two thirds of patients are steroid refractory and benefit from infliximab. Recently vedolizumab has been found to be efficacious in steroid and infliximab refractory cases. While in grade 4 colitis, the immunotherapy is permanently discontinued, the decision is controversial in grade 3 colitis. | Aniruddh Som Rohan Mandaliya Dana Alsaadi Maham Farshidpour Aline Charabaty Nidhi Malhotra Mark C Mattar | 2019 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2019，7，4： | 14 |
| 8 | Bile acid receptors and gastrointestinal functions显示文摘Bile acids modulate several gastrointestinal(GI)functions including electrolyte secretion and absorption,gastric emptying,and small intestinal and colonic motility.High concentrations of bile acids lead to diarrhea and are implicated in the development of esophageal,gastric and colonic cancer.Alterations in bile acid homeostasis are also implicated in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)and inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Our understanding of the mechanisms underlying these effects of bile acids on gut functions has been greatly enhanced by the discovery of bile acid receptors,including the nuclear receptors:farnesoid X receptor(FXR),vitamin D receptor(VDR),pregnane X receptor(PXR),and constitutive androstane receptor(CAR);and G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs):Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5(TGR5),sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2(S1PR2),and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3(M3R).For example,various studies provided evidence demonstrating the anti-inflammatory effects of FXR and TGR5 activation in models of intestinal inflammation.In addition,the activation of TGR5 in enteric neurons was recently shown to increase colonic motility,which may lead to bile acid-induced diarrhea(BAD).Interestingly,TGR5 induces the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)from L-cells to enhance insulin secretion and modulate glucose metabolism.Because of the importance of these receptors,agonists of TGR5 and intestine-specific FXR agonists are currently being tested as an option for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and primary bile acid diarrhea,respectively.This review summarizes current knowledge of the functional roles of bile acid receptors in the GI tract. | Alexander L.Ticho Pooja Malhotra Pradeep K.Dudeja Ravinder K.Gill Waddah A.Alrefai | 2019 | Liver Research2019，3，1： | 13 |
| 9 | Intravenous vitamin C as adjunctive therapy for enterovirus/rhinovirus induced acute respiratory distress syndrome显示文摘We report a case of virus-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) treated with parenteral vitamin C in a patient testing positive for enterovirus/rhinovirus on viral screening. This report outlines the first use of high dose intravenous vitamin C as an interventional therapy for ARDS, resulting from enterovirus/rhinovirus respiratory infection. From very significant preclinical research performed at Virginia Commonwealth Universitywith vitamin C and with the very positive results of a previously performed phase Ⅰ safety trial infusing high dose vitamin C intravenously into patients with severe sepsis, we reasoned that infusing identical dosing to a patient with ARDS from viral infection would be therapeutic. We report here the case of a 20-year-old, previously healthy, female who contracted respiratory enterovirus/rhinovirus infection that led to acute lung injury and rapidly to ARDS. She contracted the infection in central Italy while on an 8-d spring break from college. During a return flight to the United States, she developed increasing dyspnea and hypoxemia that rapidly developed into acute lung injury that led to ARDS. When support with mechanical ventilation failed, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO) was initiated. Twelve hours following ECMO initiation, high dose intravenous vitamin C was begun. The patient's recovery was rapid. ECMO and mechanical ventilation were discontinued by day-7 and the patient recovered with no long-term ARDS sequelae. Infusing high dose intravenous vitamin C into this patient with virus-induced ARDS was associated with rapid resolution of lung injury with no evidence of post-ARDS fibroproliferative sequelae. Intravenous vitamin C as a treatment for ARDS may open a new era of therapy for ARDS from many causes. | Alpha A Fowler Ⅲ Christin Kim Lawrence Lepler Rajiv Malhotra Orlando Debesa Ramesh Natarajan Bernard J Fisher Aamer Syed Christine DeWilde Anna Priday Vigneshwar Kasirajan | 2017 | World Journal of Critical Care Medicine2017，6，1： | 9 |
| 10 | 具有低动脉粥样硬化风险特征的专业耐力运动员的亚临床冠状动脉疾病发病率显示文摘研究表明,具有冠状动脉疾病(coronary artery disease,CAD)危险因素的中老年(健将)运动员比久坐个体冠状动脉钙化(coronary artery calcium,CAC)评分更高。尚没有研究评估具有低动脉粥样硬化风险特征的专业运动员的CAD患病率。 | 刘莉 叶鹏 Merghani A Maestrini V Rosmini S Cox AT Dhutia H Bastiaenen R David S Yeo TJ Narain R Malhotra A Papadakis M Wilson MG Tome M AlFakih K Moon JC Sharma S | 2017 | 中华高血压杂志2017，25，6： | 8 |
| 11 | Could the number of CT angiograms be reduced in emergency department patients suspected of pulmonary embolism?显示文摘BACKGROUND:This study was undertaken to identify the prevalence of pulmonary embolism(PE) in the emergency department(ED) of an urban teaching hospital and also to test a Bayesian model in estimating the number of CT pulmonary angiography(CTA) expected to be performed in an emergency department.METHODS:The data for this study was obtained through a retrospective review of electronic medical records for all ED patients suspected of PE who underwent chest CTA or ventilation perfusion scanning(V/Q) between 2009 and 2010.The data is presented as means and standard deviation for continuous variables and percentages with 95%confidence intervals(95%CI) for proportions.The prevalence of PE was used as pre-test probability in the Bayesian model.Post-test probability was obtained using a Fagan nomogram and likelihood ratios for CTA.RESULTS:A total of 778 patients(560 females) with mean age of 50 years(range 18-98 years)were enrolled(98.3%underwent chest CTA and 1.7%underwent V/Q scan).A total of 69 patients had PE,rendering an overall prevalence of 8.9%(95%CI,7.1%to 11.1%) for PE.We calculated that132 CTA's per year could be avoided in our institution,without compromising safe exclusions of PE(keeping post-test probability of PE below 2%).CONCLUSIONS:Despite differences in our patient populations and /or study designs,the prevalence of PE in our institution is about average compared to other institutions.Our proposed model for calculating redundant chest CTA is simple and can be used by institutions to identify overuse of CTA. | Zehtabchi Shahriar Rinnert Stephan Malhotra Shweta Subramanian Arun Timberger Mathew Patel Brijal Toro David Hassan Khaled Sinert Richard | 2012 | World Journal of Emergency Medicine2012，3，3： | 7 |
| 12 | Establishing the presence or absence of chronic kidney disease:Uses and limitations of formulas estimating the glomerular filtration rate显示文摘The development of formulas estimating glomerular filtration rate(eG FR) from serum creatinine and cystatin C and accounting for certain variables affecting the production rate of these biomarkers, including ethnicity, gender and age, has led to the current scheme of diagnosing and staging chronic kidney disease(CKD),which is based on e GFR values and albuminuria.This scheme has been applied extensively in various populations and has led to the current estimates of prevalence of CKD. In addition, this scheme is applied in clinical studies evaluating the risks of CKD and the efficacy of various interventions directed towards improving its course. Disagreements between creatinine-based and cystatin-based e GFR values and between e GFR values and measured GFR have been reported in various cohorts. These disagreements are the consequence of variations in the rate of production and in factors, other than GFR, affecting the rate of removal of creatinine and cystatin C. The disagreements create limitations for all e GFR formulas developed so far. The main limitations are low sensitivity in detecting early CKD in several subjects, e.g., those with hyperfiltration, and poor prediction of the course of CKD. Research efforts in CKD are currently directed towards identification of biomarkers that are better indices of GFR than the current biomarkers and,particularly, biomarkers of early renal tissue injury. | Ahmed Alaini Deepak Malhotra Helbert Rondon-Berrios Christos P Argyropoulos Zeid J Khitan Dominic SC Raj Mark Rohrscheib Joseph I Shapiro Antonios H Tzamaloukas | 2017 | World Journal of Methodology2017，7，3： | 7 |
| 13 | Management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in 2015显示文摘There is no single pharmacologic therapy that has been approved to treat nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the general population. The backbone of therapy currently includes intensive lifestyle modification withestablished targets for diet and weight loss. The use of unsweetened, unfiltered coffee along with limiting high fructose corn syrup have emerged as beneficial dietary recommendations. The use of empiric oral hypoglycemic agents and vitamin E, however, has not been widely accepted. Developing bariatric surgical techniques are promising, but additional studies with long-term follow up are needed before it can be widely recommended. Finally, liver transplantation is an increasingly frequent consideration once complications of endstage disease have developed. The future treatment of those with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease will likely involve a personalized approach. The importance of the gut microbiome in mediating hepatocyte inflammation and intestinal permeability is emerging and may offer avenues for novel treatment. The study of anti-fibrotic agents such as pentoxifylline and FXR agonists hold promise and new pathways, such as hepatocyte cannabinoid receptor antagonists are being studied. With the incidence of obesity and the metabolic syndrome increasing throughout the developed world, the future will continue to focus on finding novel agents and new applications of existing therapies to help prevent and to mediate the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. | Neel Malhotra Melanie D Beaton | 2015 | World Journal of Hepatology2015，7，30： | 6 |
| 14 | Mild oxidative stress is beneficial for sperm telomere length maintenance显示文摘AIM:To evaluate telomere length in sperm DNA and its correlation with oxidative stress(normal,mild,severe).METHODS:The study included infertile men(n=112)and age matched fertile controls(n=102).The average telomere length from the sperm DNA was measured using a quantitative real time PCR based assay.Seminal reactive oxygen species(ROS)and 8-Isoprostane(8-IP)levels were measured by chemiluminescence assay and ELISA respectively.RESULTS:Average sperm telomere length in infertile men and controls was 0.609±0.15 and 0.789±0.060,respectively(P<0.0001).Seminal ROS levels in infertile was higher[66.61±28.32 relative light units(RLU)/s/million sperm]than in controls(14.04±10.67RLU/s/million sperm)(P<0.0001).The 8-IP level in infertile men was significantly higher(421.55±131.29pg/mL)than in controls(275.94±48.13 pg/mL)(P<0.001).When correlated to oxidative stress,in normal range of oxidative stress(ROS,0-21.3 RLU/s/million sperm)the average telomere length in cases was 0.663±0.14,in mild oxidative stress(ROS,21.3-35 RLU/s/million sperm)it was elevated(0.684±0.12)and in severe oxidative stress(ROS>35 RLU/s/million sperm)average telomere length was decreased to 0.595±0.15.CONCLUSION:Mild oxidative stress results in lengthening of telomere length,but severe oxidative stress results in shorter telomeres.Although telomere maintenance is a complex trait,the study shows that mild oxidative stress is beneficial in telomere length maintenance and thus a delicate balance needs to be established to maximize the beneficial effects of free radicals and prevent harmful effects of supra physiological levels.Detailed molecular evaluation of telomere structure,its correlation with oxidative stress would aid in elucidating the cause of accelerated telomere length attrition. | Swetasmita Mishra Rajeev Kumar Neena Malhotra Neeta Singh Rima Dada | 2016 | World Journal of Methodology2016，6，2： | 4 |
| 15 | Colitis cystica profunda of the rectum: An unexpected operative finding显示文摘Colitis cystic profunda is a rare entity benign condition of the colon and rectum that can mimic suspicious polyps or malignancy. The commonest sites of affectation are the rectum and the sigmoid colon but it can be unusually widely distributed in the colon. The aetiology of this condition is not fully elucidated and confident diagnosis can only be made on histological features. We hereby describe a patient who presented with significant rectal symptoms and an unexpected finding of a submucosal mucous cyst mimicking a suspicious rectal polyp and highlighted its significance and the review of the literature. | Abraham A Ayantunde Claire Strauss Malathi Sivakkolunthu Anu Malhotra | 2016 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2016，4，7： | 3 |
| 16 | Neurology:静脉溶栓前双抗预治疗的结局显示文摘rt-PA静脉溶栓是急性缺血性卒中的有效治疗措施,但是症状性颅内出血(symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage,sICH)一直是静脉溶栓最严重的并发症。基线影像上的早期低密度、高龄、糖尿病病史、血糖、血压升高及高负荷脑微出血等与sICH风险增加有关。溶栓前抗血小板预治疗不是急性缺血性卒中患者静脉溶栓的禁忌证,在急性缺血性卒中患者中也比较常见,服用一种抗血小板药物和双联抗血小板药物的占比分别为31.0%和3.1%,但静脉溶栓前抗血小板预治疗的安全性存在矛盾的结果。此外,最近发表的急性卒中静脉溶栓及强化降压研究(Enhanced Control of Hypertension and Thrombolysis Stroke Study,ENCHANTED)显示. | 杨中华 MALHOTRA K KATSANOS A H GOYAL N | 2020 | 中国卒中杂志2020，15，9： | 3 |
| 17 | The inner solar system cratering record and the evolution of impactor populations显示文摘We review previously published and newly obtained crater size-frequency distributions in the inner solar system. These data indicate that the Moon and the terrestrial planets have been bombarded by two populations of objects. Population 1,dominating at early times, had nearly the same size distribution as the present-day asteroid belt, and produced heavily cratered surfaces with a complex, multi-sloped crater size-frequency distribution. Population 2, dominating since about 3.8–3.7 Gyr,had the same size distribution as near-Earth objects(NEOs) and a much lower impact flux, and produced a crater size distribution characterized by a differential –3single-slope power law in the crater diameter range 0.02 km to 100 km. Taken together with the results from a large body of work on age-dating of lunar and meteorite samples and theoretical work in solar system dynamics, a plausible interpretation of these data is as follows. The NEO population is the source of Population 2 and it has been in near-steady state over the past ~ 3.7–3.8 Gyr; these objects are derived from the main asteroid belt by size-dependent non-gravitational effects that favor the ejection of smaller asteroids. However, Population 1 was composed of main belt asteroids ejected from their source region in a size-independent manner, possibly by means of gravitational resonance sweeping during orbit migration of giant planets;this caused the so-called Late Heavy Bombardment(LHB). The LHB began some time before ~3.9 Gyr, peaked and declined rapidly over the next ~ 100 to 300 Myr,and possibly more slowly from about 3.8–3.7 Gyr to ~2 Gyr. A third crater population(Population S) consisted of secondary impact craters that can dominate the cratering record at small diameters. | Robert G.Strom Renu Malhotra Zhi-Yong Xiao Takashi Ito Fumi Yoshida Lillian R Ostrach | 2015 | Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics2015，15，3： | 3 |
| 18 | Fluid balance concepts in medicine:Principles and practice显示文摘The regulation of body fluid balance is a key concern in health and disease and comprises three concepts. The first concept pertains to the relationship between total body water(TBW) and total effective solute and is expressed in terms of the tonicity of the body fluids. Disturbances in tonicity are the main factor responsible for changes in cell volume, which can critically affect brain cell function and survival. Solutes distributed almost exclusively in the extracellular compartment(mainly sodium salts) and in the intracellular compartment(mainly potassium salts) contribute to tonicity, while solutes distributed in TBW have no effect on tonicity. The second body fluid balance concept relates to the regulation and measurement of abnormalities of sodium salt balance and extracellular volume. Estimation of extracellular volume is more complex and error prone than measurement of TBW. A key function of extracellular volume, which is defined as the effective arterial blood volume(EABV), is to ensure adequate perfusion of cells and organs. Other factors, including cardiac output, total and regional capacity of both arteries and veins, Starling forces in the capillaries, and gravity also affect the EABV. Collectively, these factors interact closely with extracellular volume and some of them undergo substantial changes in certain acute and chronic severe illnesses. Their changes result not only in extracellular volume expansion, but in the need for a larger extracellular volume compared with that of healthy individuals. Assessing extracellular volume in severe illness is challenging because the estimates of this volume by commonly used methods are prone to large errors in many illnesses. In addition, the optimal extracellular volume may vary from illness to illness, is only partially based on volume measurements by traditional methods, and has not been determined for each illness. Further research is needed to determine optimal extracellular volume levels in several illnesses. For these reasons, extracellular volume in severe illness merits a separate third concept of body fluid balance. | Maria-Eleni Roumelioti Robert H Glew Zeid J Khitan Helbert Rondon-Berrios Christos P Argyropoulos Deepak Malhotra Dominic S Raj Emmanuel I Agaba Mark Rohrscheib Glen H Murata Joseph I Shapiro Antonios H Tzamaloukas | 2018 | World Journal of Nephrology2018，7，1： | 3 |
| 19 | 无创正压通气治疗睡眠呼吸障碍——北美临床应用进展显示文摘持续正压通气治疗(Positive airway pressure,PAP)是北美睡眠呼吸障碍疾病(sleep disordered breathing,SDB)最主要的一线治疗方式。PAP硬件技术的进步、随访网络的普及、合并心肺疾病等复杂患者PAP治疗模式的进展,是近年来PAP疗效和依从性不断提高的动力。本文将以问答的形式就PAP在北美临床应用的几个热点问题介绍最新研究进展及北美学者的观点。 | 李彦如 Rachel Jen Robert.L.Owens Atul Malhotra | 2015 | 中国医学文摘(耳鼻咽喉科学)2015，30，1： | 2 |
| 20 | A Framework for Examining the Interface between Operations Research and Information Systems:Implications for Research in the New Millennium显示文摘 | Grover V Malhotra MK | 1999 | Decision Science1999，，4： | 2 |
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