|
|
|
题名
|
作者
|
年代
|
出处
|
被引量
|
| 1 | 文化生态学显示文摘朱利安·斯图尔特是美国文化生态学大家,对考古学和民族学都有开拓性的贡献,本文虽然不长,但较全面系统地阐释了他文化生态学的基本思想。文化生态学认为社会是对周围环境适应的产物,文化生态学的研究即考察社会对其环境的适应过程。但文化生态学并不等于传统意义上的'环境决定论',它还同时考虑除环境之外其它因素对社会的影响,而且它认为社会与环境之间是双向的互动关系,社会固然要适应环境,但也影响乃至改造环境。社会对环境的依赖或适应程度随文化(特别是技术)的发展而变化,发展程度越低的社会(如史前社会)越受到环境的制约,这表现在社会结构等方面,但同时,构成文化的各个变量受环境影响的程度并非同等而是有所区别。随着文化的发展,社会越来越脱离自然环境的束缚,资源利用远远超出自身所在的范围,经济形态趋于专业化,社会结构上也成为一个更大组织的一部分。还要特别注意到的是,斯图尔特对生态因素的考察不仅包括自然环境,还包括了人自身的生物性特征,认为这可能也是影响文化特别是社会结构的基本要素之一。斯图尔特的文化生态学思想对于新考古学有着巨大的影响,特别是他所强调的文化的功能适应方面,对于人类早期社会的解释有十分重要的意义。但是随着考古学的发展,人类文化发展所展现出的复杂性和丰富性,远远超出了文化生态学所能提供的解释。生态因素固然可以很好地解释技术经济和社会结构问题,但对文化中的意识观念领域则无能为力,这是它的局限性。 | 朱利安·H·斯图尔特(Julian H Steward) 潘艳(译) 陈洪波(译) 陈淳(校) | 2007 | 南方文物2007，，2： | 131 |
| 2 | A New North Atlantic Oscillation Index and Its Variability显示文摘A new North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index, the NAOI, is defined as the differences of normalizedsea level pressures regionally zonal-averaged over a broad range of longitudes 80°W-30°E. A comprehensivecomparison of six NAO indices indicates that the new NAOI provides a more faithful representation ofthe spatial-temporal variability associated with the NAO on all timescales. A very high signal-to-noiseratio for the NAOI exists for all seasons, and the life cycle represented by the NAOI describes well theseasonal migration for action centers of the NAO. The NAOI captures a larger fraction of the variance ofsea level pressure over the North Atlantic sector (20°-90°N, 80°W-30°E), on average 10% more than anyother NAO index. There are quite different relationships between the NAOI and surface air temperatureduring winter and summer. A novel feature, however, is that the NAOI is significantly negative correlatedwith surface air temperature over the North Atlantic Ocean between 10°-25°N and 70°-30°W, whetherin winter or summer. From 1873, the NAOI exhibits strong interannual and decadal variability. Itsinterannual variability of the twelve calendar months is obviously phase-locked with the seasonal cycle.Moreover, the annual NAOI exhibits a clearer decadal variability in amplitude than the winter NAOI. Anupward trend is found in the annual NAOI between the 1870s and 1910s, while the other winter NAOindices fail to show this tendency. The annual NAOI exhibits a strongly positive epoch of 50 years between1896 and 1950. After 1950, the variability of the annual NAOI is very similar to that of the winter NAOindices. | 李建平 Julian X.L.WANG | 2003 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2003，20，5： | 51 |
| 3 | 北极涛动和南极涛动的年变化特征显示文摘北极涛动 (ArcticOscillation ,简称AO)和南极涛动 (AntarcticOscillation ,简称AAO)分别用于描述北半球和南半球热带外气候变率的主要模态 ,它们分别是北半球和南半球中纬度和高纬度之间气压变化的跷跷板结构。作者利用 1 95 8年 1月~ 1 999年 1 2月的NCEP/NCAR全球再分析月平均资料、北极涛动指数IAO和南极涛动指数IAAO来研究AO和AAO的年变化特征以及AO和AAO与纬向平均的月平均各要素场的相关系数随纬度和月份的变化规律。 | 范丽军 李建平 韦志刚 董文杰 Julian Wang | 2003 | 大气科学2003，27，3： | 44 |
| 4 | GRADE指南:Ⅶ.证据质量评价--不一致性显示文摘本文针对二分类变量结局指标相对(而非绝对)治疗效果的不一致性。证据本身不会因不同研究结果具有一致性而升级,但可能因不一致而降低质量级别。衡量一致性的标准包括点估计值的相似性、可信区间的重叠程度以及统计学判定标准包括异质性检验和I2。系统评价作者应提出并检验少数几个与患者、干预措施、结局指标以及方法学相关的先验假设以探寻异质性来源。当不一致性很大且无法解释时,因不一致性而降低质量级别是恰当的,特别当某些研究显示有显著益处而其他显示无益甚至有害时(而非仅是疗效大与疗效小的比较)。明显的亚组效应可能不可靠。如果亚组效应满足以下条件,其可信度将会增加:基于少数几个有具体方向的先验假设、亚组比较来自研究内而非研究间、交互检验的P值小、结果有生物学意义。 | Gordon H.Guyatt Andrew D.Oxman Regina Kunz James Woodcock Jan Brozek Mark Helfand Pablo Alonso-Coello Paul Glasziou Roman Jaeschke Elie A.Akl Susan Norris Gunn Vist Philipp Dahm Vijay K.Shukla Julian Higgins Yngve Falck-Ytter Holger J.Schünemann 代表GRADE小组 李幼平 杨晓妍 王莉 蔡羽嘉 陈群飞 | 2011 | 中国循证医学杂志2011，11，12： | 33 |
| 5 | 黄芪总黄酮对扑热息痛所致小鼠肝损伤防护作用的研究显示文摘目的 :研究黄芪总黄酮 (TFA)对扑热息痛所致肝损伤的防护作用。方法 :用 1%羧甲基纤维素钠 10ml·kg-1,TFA10 0mg·kg-1或维生素C (Ascorbicacid ,VC) 10 0 0mg·kg-1给小鼠灌胃 1h后 ,灌扑热息痛 10 0 0mg·kg-1,观察小鼠死亡率的变化 ;提前 1h用不同剂量的TFA或VC处理后 ,再灌 40 0mg·kg-1的扑热息痛 ,检测血清酶学和肝脏组织学的改变。结果 :给小鼠扑热息痛 10 0 0mg·kg-1灌胃组 ,2 4h后可致 80 %小鼠死亡 ;提前 1h用TFA10 0mg·kg-1或VC灌胃其死亡率可分别下降至 2 0 %和 0 %。血清转氨酶 (ALT)和病理切片显示当给 40 0mg·kg-1扑热息痛灌胃 2 4h后即可引起严重肝损伤 (ALT升高和肝组织大面积坏死 ,P <0 .0 0 1)。TFA或VC预防组 (提前 1h给药 )的肝损伤程度与对照组比较明显减轻 ,其作用强度与药物浓度成正比。结论 :TFA对扑热息痛所致肝损伤有保护作用。 | 汪德清 丁保国 马艳青 赵海潞 Thomas G Neil Tomlinson Brian 田亚平 王成彬 Critchley Julian AJH | 2001 | 中国中药杂志2001，26，7： | 31 |
| 6 | 世界卫生组织乙型肝炎控制目标和策略显示文摘 | Julian Bilous Steven Wiersmg 王莉霞 | 2004 | 中国计划免疫2004，10，3： | 25 |
| 7 | Covert Translation,Language Contact and Language Change显示文摘The paper reports on a project which applies the model of translation evaluation designed by the present author to the question of whether the English language in its role as a global lingua franca changes textual norms in other European languages over and above the massive,well-known lexical import from English into other languages. Following a description of the project's background,design and corpus,the qualitative analytical procedure is outlined,a few exemplary qualitative comparative analyses in two genres(popular science and economic texts)as well as the results of validating qualitative analyses examining translations from English into other languages (French,Spanish)are discussed.The qualitative analyses are then supplemented by quantitative diachronic analy- ses of a number of linguistic elements expressing'subjectivity'and'addressee orientation',as these were found to be primarily affected by the influence of the English language.The paper closes with a brief outlook on the present project phase,where a new cycle of qualitative analyses is conducted,in which those'vulnerable'linguistic forms found to have markedly changed in frequency in the corpus over time(such as personal pronouns,markers of modality or co-ordinate conjunctions)are re-contextualized and investigated in aligned subcorpora in terms of the translation relation and the co-occurrences holding for each individual form in the English and German texts. | Juliane House | 2007 | 中国翻译2007，28，3： | 25 |
| 8 | FAIR Principles:Interpretations and Implementation Considerations显示文摘The FAIR principles have been widely cited,endorsed and adopted by a broad range of stakeholders since their publication in 2016.By intention,the 15 FAIR guiding principles do not dictate specific technological implementations,but provide guidance for improving Findability,Accessibility,Interoperability and Reusability of digital resources.This has likely contributed to the broad adoption of the FAIR principles,because individual stakeholder communities can implement their own FAIR solutions.However,it has also resulted in inconsistent interpretations that carry the risk of leading to incompatible implementations.Thus,while the FAIR principles are formulated on a high level and may be interpreted and implemented in different ways,for true interoperability we need to support convergence in implementation choices that are widely accessible and(re)-usable.We introduce the concept of FAIR implementation considerations to assist accelerated global participation and convergence towards accessible,robust,widespread and consistent FAIR implementations.Any self-identified stakeholder community may either choose to reuse solutions from existing implementations,or when they spot a gap,accept the challenge to create the needed solution,which,ideally,can be used again by other communities in the future.Here,we provide interpretations and implementation considerations(choices and challenges)for each FAIR principle. | Annika Jacobsen Ricardo de Miranda Azevedo Nick Juty Dominique Batista Simon Coles Ronald Cornet Melanie Courtot Merce Crosas Michel Dumontier Chris T.Evelo Carole Goble Giancarlo Guizzardi Karsten Kryger Hansen Ali Hasnain Kristina Hettne Jaap Heringa Rob W.W.Hooft Melanie Imming Keith G.Jeffery Rajaram Kaliyaperumal Martijn GKersloot Christine R.Kirkpatrick Tobias Kuhn Ignasi Labastida Barbara Magagna PeterMcQuilton Natalie Meyers Annalisa Montesanti Mirjam van Reisen Philippe Rocca-Serra Robert Pergl Susanna-Assunta Sansone Luiz Olavo Bonino da Silva Santos Juliane Schneider George Strawn Mark Thompson Andra Waagmeester Tobias Weigel Mark D.Wilkinson Egon L.Willighagen Peter Wittenburg Marco Roos Barend Mons Erik Schultes | 2020 | Data Intelligence2020，2，1： | 26 |
| 9 | 意见不一致时的策略:应用GRADE网格对临床实践指南达成共识显示文摘指南制定委员会的结构庞大和多元化使达成共识变得困难。Roman Jaeschke及其同事阐述了一种达成共识的简单方法,即当无法取得一致时,应用GRADE网格对临床实践指南达成共识。 | Roman Jaeschke Gordon H Guyatt Phil Dellinger Holger Schünemann Mitchell M Levy Regina Kunz Susan Norris Julian Bion 刘芳 陈耀龙 | 2009 | 中国循证医学杂志2009，9，7： | 22 |
| 10 | 空气污染对劳动力供给的影响研究——基于健康人力资本视角显示文摘本文以局部均衡模型和环境毒理学理论为基础,利用1996—2016年中国29个省份的数据,分析了空气污染对健康人力资本及劳动力供给的影响,并采用系统GMM方法进行内生性检验,确保回归结果的稳健性。实证结果表明,以二氧化硫为代表的颗粒污染物对劳动力供给产生了负面影响,每平方公里二氧化硫排放量每增加1%,劳动力供给将减少0. 0013%。空气污染通过影响健康水平,进而对劳动力供给产生冲击,而教育和医疗的发展能够降低空气污染带来的健康和劳动力供给损失。建议助推环保技术研发,引入惩罚和激励机制;对空气污染的直接受害劳动者群体进行科学合理的评估,完善相关法律法规;适当增加对空气污染严重区域的健康人力资本和教育人力资本的投资力度;强化企业责任意识;充分挖掘低龄老年人口的劳动力供给潜力。 | 蔡芸 周梅 Julian CHOW | 2018 | 社会保障研究2018，，6： | 20 |
| 11 | Rolling in Nature and Robotics: A Review显示文摘This paper presents a review of recent rolling robots including Rollo from Helsinki University of Technology, Spherical Mobile Robot from the Politecnico of Bari, Sphericle from the University of Pisa, Spherobot from Michigan State University, August from Azad University of Qazvin and the University of Tehran, Deformable Robot from Ritsumeijan University, Kickbot from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Gravitational Wheeled Robot from Kinki University, Gyrover from Carnegie Mellon University, Roball from the Université de Sherbrooke, and Rotundus from the ?ngstr?m Space Technology Center. Seven rolling robot design principles are presented and discussed (Sprung central member, Car driven, Mobile masses, Hemispherical wheels, Gyroscopic stabilisation, Ballast mass – fixed axis, and Ballast mass – moving axis). Robots based on each of the design principles are shown and the performances of the robots are tabulated. An attempt is made to grade the design principles based on their suitability for movement over an unknown and varied but relatively smooth terrain. The result of this comparison suggests that a rolling robot based on a mobile masses principle would be best suited to this specific application. Some wonderful rolling organisms are introduced and defined as “active” or “passive” depending on whether they generate their own rolling motion or external forces cause their rolling. | Rhodri H.Armour Julian F.V.Vincent | 2006 | Journal of Bionic Engineering2006，3，4： | 18 |
| 12 | Role of abnormal lipid metabolism in development,progression,diagnosis and therapy of pancreatic cancer显示文摘There is growing evidence that metabolic alterations play an important role in cancer development and progression.The metabolism of cancer cells is reprogrammed in order to support their rapid proliferation.Elevated fatty acid synthesis is one of the most important aberrations of cancer cell metabolism.An enhancement of fatty acids synthesis is required both for carcinogenesis and cancer cell survival,as inhibition of key lipogenic enzymes slows down the growth of tumor cells and impairs their survival.Based on the data that serum fatty acid synthase(FASN),also known as oncoantigen 519,is elevated in patients with certain types of cancer,its serum level was proposed as a marker of neoplasia.This review aims to demonstrate the changes in lipid metabolism and other metabolic processes associated with lipid metabolism in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC),the most common pancreatic neoplasm,characterized by high mortality.We also addressed the influence of some oncogenic factors and tumor suppressors on pancreatic cancer cell metabolism.Additionally the review discusses the potential role of elevated lipid synthesis in diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer.In particular,FASN is a viable candidate for indicator of pathologic state,marker of neoplasia,as well as,pharmacological treatment target in pancreatic cancer.Recent research showed that,in addition to lipogenesis,certain cancer cells can use fatty acids from circulation,derived from diet(chylomicrons),synthesized in liver,or released from adipose tissue for their growth.Thus,the interactions between de novo lipogenesis and uptake of fatty acids from circulation by PDAC cells require further investigation. | Julian Swierczynski Areta Hebanowska Tomasz Sledzinski | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，9： | 16 |
| 13 | Classification, Expression Pattern, and E3 Ligase Activity Assay of Rice U-Box-Containing Proteins显示文摘Ubiquitin ligases 玩在由为修正选择无数适当候选人蛋白质决定 ubiquitination 系统的特性的一个中央角色。U 盒子是一最近识别了,显示出更大的存在在的活动相关的蛋白质领域比在另外的有机体种的 ubiquitin ligase。在这研究,我们用一组整个染色体分析算法从米饭染色体识别了 77 通常认为的 U 盒子蛋白质。大多数 U 盒子蛋白质基因被表示,支持旁边他们的相应表示顺序标签(EST ) 的鉴定,全身的 cDNAs,或定序的大规模平行的签名(MPSS ) 标注。用一样的算法,我们从 Arabidopsis 染色体识别了 61 U 盒子蛋白质。米饭和 Arabidopsis U 盒子蛋白质基于他们的领域作文被分类进九个主要的班。在米饭和 Arabidopsis U 盒子蛋白质之间的比较显示米饭和 Arabidopsis U 盒子蛋白质的多数有一样的领域组织。推断的发展史建立了在米饭和 Arabidopsis U-box/ARM 蛋白质之间的相同。用米饭原物系统的房间死亡试金建议那一米饭 U 盒子基因, OsPUB51,可能充当房间死亡发信号的一个否定管理者。另外,选择 U 盒子蛋白质被发现是功能的 E3 ubiquitin ligases。在此,在 genomic,水平将机能上地帮助的米饭 U 盒子蛋白质的鉴定和分析以后描绘 E3 ubiquitin ligase 的这个班。 | Li-Rong Zenga Chan Ho Park R.C. Venu Julian Gough Guo-Liang Wang | 2008 | Molecular Plant2008，1，5： | 15 |
| 14 | Preliminary experience with drug-coated balloon angioplasty in primary percutaneous coronary intervention显示文摘We evaluated the clinical feasibility of using drugcoated balloon(DCB) angioplasty in patients undergoingprimary percutaneous coronary intervention(PPCI). Between January 2010 to September 2014,89 STelevation myocardial infarction patients(83% male,mean age 59 ± 14 years) with a total of 89 coronary lesions were treated with DCB during PPCI. Clinical outcomes are reported at 30 d follow-up. Left anterior descending artery was the most common target vessel for PCI(37%). Twenty-eight percent of the patients had underlying diabetes mellitus. Mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 44% ± 11%. DCB-only PCI was the predominant approach(96%) with the remaining 4% of patients receiving bail-out stenting. Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction(TIMI) 3 flow was successfully restored in 98% of patients. An average of 1.2 ± 0.5 DCB were used per patient,with mean DCB diameter of 2.6 ± 0.5 mm and average length of 23.2 ± 10.2 mm. At 30-d follow-up,there were 4 deaths(4.5%). No patients experienced abrupt closure of the infarctrelated artery and there was no reported target-lesion failure. Our preliminary experience showed that DCB angioplasty in PPCI was feasible and associated with a high rate of TIMI 3 flow and low 30-d ischaemic event. | Hee Hwa Ho Julian Tan Yau Wei Ooi Kwok Kong Loh Than Htike Aung Nwe Tun Yin Dasdo Antonius Sinaga Fahim Haider Jafary Paul Jau Lueng Ong | 2015 | World Journal of Cardiology2015，7，6： | 14 |
| 15 | 黄芪总黄酮对扑热息痛所致肝损伤的防护机理探讨显示文摘目的 :研究黄芪总黄酮对扑热息痛所致肝损伤的防护机理。方法 :用高压液相测定扑热息痛及代谢产物和苯巴比妥诱导睡眠模型研究黄芪总黄酮 (TFA)对扑热息痛的代谢及TFA抗扑热息痛所致损伤的机理。结果 :TFA可明显降低尿中硫醚胺酸的浓度 ,其变化与TFA浓度成反比 ;但对其它代谢产物的影响无明显统计学差异。苯巴比妥诱导小鼠睡眠实验结果显示 ,TFA (10 0mg·kg-1)本身对苯巴比妥代谢无明显影响 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,扑热息痛 (40 0mg·kg-1)可显著延长小鼠的睡眠时间 (P <0 .0 0 1) ;但TFA (10 0mg·kg-1)明显缩短扑热息痛所延长的苯巴比妥诱导的睡眠时间 (P <0 .0 0 5 )。结论 | 汪德清 Critchley Julian AJH 丁保国 马艳青 赵海潞 Thomas G Neil 田亚平 Tomlinson B rian Critchley Lester AH James Anthony Edward | 2001 | 中国中药杂志2001，26，9： | 13 |
| 16 | 中国上市公司股权结构与总经理变更显示文摘研究上市公司股权结构、业绩与总经理的强制性变更和正常性变更的关系。可以发现,总经理的变更,特别是强制性变更作为最极端的约束手段,能够约束业绩差的总经理;国家股比例、流通股比例和大股东比例与总经理的强制性变更和正常性变更都不具有任何显著的相关性,这说明在国有股“所有者缺位”、流通股比例过低,市场投机气氛浓重的情况下,国家股东、流通股东以及大股东无法有效地监管经理人;而经理人持股比例与总经理的强制性变更和正常性变更之间具有非常显著的负相关性,证明了中国上市公司的“内部人控制”现象。 | 赵超 Julian Lowe 皮莉莉 | 2005 | 改革2005，，1： | 12 |
| 17 | 阿托伐他汀对高脂血症患者血小板聚集反应的影响显示文摘观察降血脂药阿托伐他汀作用于高脂血症患者的血小板聚集反应。测试全血血小板聚集对各种诱导剂的反应性及实验的重复性 ,并选择胶原作为诱导剂进行全血血小板聚集反应检测。 30个高脂血症患者接受为期16周的治疗 ,用药剂量递增 ,从每日用药 10、2 0、40mg ,到 80mg ,均分别用药 4周 ,直至患者血脂水平达到靶水平以下。分别在最大剂量用药期及停药后 4周检测患者的血小板聚集反应、血小板计数、平均血小板体积、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇及甘油三酯水平。总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇及甘油三酯水平在停药后显著回升 (5 .0± 1.1、3.0± 1.0、2 .2± 3.3mmol/L比 9.0± 3.1、6 .8± 1.5、5 .0± 12 .4mmol/L ,P <0 .0 0 1)。与停药后 4周相比 ,在最大剂量用药期 ,患者全血血小板聚集反应显著降低 (自 19.0± 3.1Ω降至 17.1± 4.6Ω ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、血小板计数及平均血小板体积不受影响。表明阿托伐他汀能有效降低高脂血症患者的血脂水平及改善血小板聚集功能。 | 范伯丽 程颖 房家智 蒋宝琦 GNeil Thomas Julian AJH Critchley Brian Tomlinson | 2003 | 中国动脉硬化杂志2003，11，5： | 12 |
| 18 | Free Radical Generation by Selenium Compounds and Their Prooxidant Toxicity显示文摘Selemum (Se) and many of its compounds are among the most toxic of nutrients. Selenium toxicity was first described in range animals in the western United States in the 1930’s which consumed' selenium accumulator' plants of the genus Astragalus, Xylorrhiza,Oonopsis, and Stanleya. Selenites and selenates from the soil accumulate in these plants primarily as methylated selenium compounds and plants evolve dimethyldiselenide and dimethyselenide.Dietary selenium, primarily as selenomethionine and selenocysteine for humans fulfill the dietary requirement for selenoenzymes and proteins. In humans and animals excessive dietary selenium may be toxic. In vitro, selenium compounds such as selenite, selenium dioxide and diselenides react with thiols, such as glutathione, producing superoxide and other reactive oxygen species. This catalytic reaction of selenium compounds with thiols likely accounts for selenium toxicity to cells ex vivo and in vivo where the major glutathione producing organ,the liver, is also the major target organ of selenium toxicity.Selenium enzymes and selenoethers that do not readily form a selenide (RSe-) anion and compounds such as Ebselen where selenium is sequestered, are not toxic. Methylation of selenium by both plants and animals serves to detoxify selenium by generating methylselenides. Alternatively, full reduction of Se to elemental selenium (Se0) as done by some bacteria and the formation of heavy metal selenides such as Ag2Se or Hg2Se, results in a non-catalytic nontoxic form of selenium.This catalytic prooxidant attribute of some selenium compounds appears to account for its toxicity when such activity exceeds plant and animal methylation reactions and antioxidant defenses. This prooxidant activity may also account for cellular apoptosis and may provide a useful pharmaceutical application for selenium compounds as antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal and anticancer | JULIAN E. SPALLHOLZ(Food and Nutrition, Texas Technology University,Lubbock, TX 79404, USA) | 1997 | Biomedical and Environmental Sciences1997，10，2： | 11 |
| 19 | 技术支持的“非正规学习”研究新进展显示文摘对大部分人来说,当我们讨论学习时,我们会不可避免地将其与正规的教育系统联系起来。但任何关于ICTs在儿童学习中角色的研究都使我们认识到,在校外情景中,儿童非常容易沉浸于ICTs相关的活动中,这就迫使我们必须用更广阔的视角来审视包括学校、家庭、休闲、图书馆、博物馆等在内的'教育生态学'。本综述首先对'非正规学习'进行了界定,指发生在学校环境之外,数字技术支持或与数字技术交互的非正规学习;接着讨论了本研究所依据的学习的核心理论以及在ICTs支持的关于学习的研究中不断产生的新的学习理论;勾勒出儿童在校外获取和使用数字技术的情景;然后基于已有的关于技术支持的非正规学习的案例,总结提炼出技术支持的非正规学习的关键特征;最后对这些研究的理论和政策含义进行了深入的研究和剖析。 | Julian Sefton-Green 侯小杏 杨玉芹 焦建利 | 2007 | 远程教育杂志2007，25，6： | 11 |
| 20 | Relationship between obesity and cardiovascular risk factors in elderly Chinese subjects显示文摘Objective To investigate the relative effects of degree and distribution of body fat with several cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in elderly Chinese subjects.Methods One-hundred and thirty-five elderly Chinese individuals (age range, 60-65 y) without any history of significant renal, hepatic or cardiac disease were recruited. Seated blood pressure, anthropometric and fasting plasma biochemical parameters were measured. Student’s t-test was used to compare the differences in biochemical and anthropometric markers between cohorts.Results Males were heavier (64.6±8.6, 57.2±8.2?kg, P<0.001), taller (1.65±0.06, 1.51± 0.05 m, P<0.001) and their greater body fat was predominantly deposited centrally (Waist-to-hip ratio, 0.91±0.06, 0.88±0.07, P<0.05). Females were more generally obese with increased body mass index (BMI, 23.8±4.6, 25.0±3.5 kg/m 2, P<0.05) and percentage body fat [26.3% (24.5%-28.1%) vs 37.2% (36.0%-38.9%), P<0.001] than the males. However, despite an 11% higher proportion of body fat in females, no significant differences were identified in blood pressure, lipid profile, indices of insulin resistance or albumin-to-creatinine ratios.Conclusion It is likely that central adiposity contributes disproportionately to these metabolic disorders in males even though they are much leaner than elderly Chinese females. | G Neil THOMAS 赵海潞 马艳青 Wilson YS LEUNG Juliana CN CHAN Brian TOMLINSON Julian AJH CRITCHLEY 梁润成 陈重娥 汤宁信 郭志良 | 2002 | Chinese Medical Journal2002，，6： | 11 |
您所在的机构暂未开通此部分的功能，请联系管理员