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| 1 | In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy of liver tumors and metastases显示文摘Primary liver cancer is the fifth most common malignancy in men and the eighth in women worldwide. The liver is also the second most common site for metastatic spread of cancer. To assist in the diagnosis of these liver lesions non-invasive advanced imaging techniques are desirable. Magnetic resonance (MR) is commonly used to identify anatomical lesions, but it is a very versatile technique and also can provide specific information on tumor pathophysiology and metabolism, in particular with the application of MR spectroscopy (MRS). This may include data on the type, grade and stage of tumors, and thus assist in further management of the disease. The purpose of this review is to summarize and discuss the available literature on proton, phosphorus and carbon-13-MRS as performed on primary liver tumors and metastases, with human applications as the main perspective. Upcoming MRSapproaches with potential applications to liver tumors are also included. Since knowledge of some technical background is indispensable to understand the results, a basic introduction of MRS and some technical issues of MRS as applied to tumors and metastases in the liver are described as well. In vivo MR spectroscopy of tumors in a metabolically active organ such as the liver has been demonstrated to provide important information on tumor metabolism, but it also is challenging as compared to applications on some other tissues, in particular in humans, mostly because of its abdominal location where movement may be a disturbing factor. | EGW ter Voert L Heijmen HWM van Laarhoven A Heerschap | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，47： | 7 |
| 2 | 慢性心力衰竭新的药物治疗策略显示文摘就发生率、流行率、发病率、死亡率及医疗费用而言,心力衰竭(HF)仍然是公共重要的医疗健康问题,尽管采用了最佳药物治疗,死亡率仍极高,因慢性心力衰竭(CHF)恶化住院患者4年死亡率高达60%。最初HF的治疗目的主要是改善症状,近10年治疗模式已转变为改善疾病的过程和延长患者生命。利尿剂、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)、β阻滞剂、地高辛和非选择性醛固酮拮抗剂以及近来的血管紧张素受体拮抗剂(ARB)已被证实为CHF有效的治疗方法。随着对CHF病理生理的进一步了解, | Wal RMA Voors AA Plokker HWM 张纪良(节译) 曾朝荣(校) | 2006 | 心血管病学进展2006，27，2： | 4 |
| 3 | Expeh-ence of severe fatigue long after stroke and its relation to depressive symptoms and disease characteristics显示文摘 | Van der Werf SP Van den Bmoek HLP Anten HWM | 2001 | Eur Neurol2001，45，： | 1 |
| 4 | Perivenous application of fibrin glue reduces early injury to the human saphenous vein graft wall in an ex vivo model显示文摘 | Stooker W Niessen HWM Wildevuur WR | 2002 | Eur J Cardimhorac Surg2002，21，： | 1 |
| 5 | Photonic crystal - based all - optical on - chip sensor显示文摘 | Liu Y Salemink HWM | 2012 | Opt Express2012，20，19： | 1 |
| 6 | Analysis of the cognitions stimulated by the items on the expectations about counseling-brief form: An analysis of construct validity 显示文摘 | Tinsley HWM | 1990 | J Couns Psychol1990，37，： | 1 |
| 7 | Delivery of peptide and protein drugs over the blood-brain barrier 显示文摘 | Brasnjevic I Steinbusch HWM Schmitz C | 2009 | Prog Neurobio12009，87，4： | 1 |
| 8 | Functional modules by relating protein interac- tion networks and gene expression 显示文摘 | HWM Sabine Tornow | 2003 | Nucleic Acids Research2003，31，： | 1 |
| 9 | AntiVCAM-l and Anti-Evselectin SAINT-0-Somes for selective delivery of siRNA into inflammation-activated primaryendothelial cells显示文摘 | Kowalski PS Lintermans LL Morselt HWM | 2013 | Mol Pharrn2013，10，8： | 1 |
| 10 | Myocardial structure and function differ in systolic and diastolic heart failure 显示文摘 | van Heerebeek L Borbely A Niessen HWM | 2006 | Circulation2006，113，： | 1 |
| 11 | The effect of cardiotoxicity in patients treated for metastatic cancer in a phase II study 显示文摘 | Bruynzeel AME Niessen HWM Bronzwaer JGF | 2007 | Br J Cancer2007，97，8： | 1 |
| 12 | Dual effect of light on the gibberel- lin-and nitrate-stimulated seed germination of Sisymbrium officinale and Arabidopsis thaliana 显示文摘 | HILHORST HWM KARSSEN C M | 1988 | Plant Physiology1988，86，： | 1 |
| 13 | 显示文摘 | Teunissen CE de Vente J Steinbusch HWM | 2002 | Neurobiol Aging2002，4，23： | 1 |
| 14 | Distribution of serotoninimmunoreactivity in the central nervous system of the ratcell bodies and terminals显示文摘 | Steinbusch HWM | | Neuroscience0，6，： | 1 |
| 15 | Delivery of peptide and protein drugs over blood-brain barrier显示文摘 | Brasnjevic I Steinbusch HWM Schmitz C | 2009 | Prog Neurobiol2009，87，4： | 1 |
| 16 | Pressure diameter relationship in the human greater saphenous vein显示文摘 | Stooker W Sipkema MGP Niessen HWM | 2003 | Ann Thorac Surg2003，76，5： | 1 |
| 17 | Prenatal stress and neonatal rat brain development显示文摘 | Van den Hove DL Steinbusch HWM Scheepens A | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 18 | Th1,Th2,and Th3cytokine alterations in major depression显示文摘 | Myint AM Leonard BE Steinbusch HWM | 2005 | J Affect Disorders2005，88，2： | 1 |
| 19 | New pharmacological strategies in chronic heart failure 显示文摘 | Rma DW Aa V Hwm P | 2004 | Cardiovasc Drugs Ther2004，18，6： | 1 |
| 20 | Serotonergic mechanisms in Parkinson's disease: opposing results from preclinical and clinical data 显示文摘 | Scholtissen B Verhey FRJ Steinbuseh HWM | 2006 | J Neural Transm2006，113，1： | 1 |
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