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| 1 | A meta-analysis of oxidative stress markers in schizophrenia显示文摘Oxidative stress has been identified as a possible element in the neuropathological processes of schizophrenia(SCZ).Alteration of oxidative stress markers has been reported in SCZ studies,but with inconsistent results.To evaluate the risk of oxidative stress to schizophrenia,a meta-analysis was conducted,including five markers of oxidative stress [thiobarbituric reactive substances(TBARS),nitric oxide(NO),catalase(CAT),glutathione peroxidase(GP) and superoxide dismutase(SOD)] in SCZ patients versus healthy controls.This study showed that TBARS and NO significantly increased in SCZ,while SOD activity significantly decreased in the disorganized type of SCZ patients.No significant effect size was found for the activities of GP and CAT in SCZ patients(P>0.05).Egger’s regression test observed no significant publication bias across the oxidative stress markers,but found high heterogeneities in all the 5 markers.The subgroup analysis suggested that the ethnicity,sample size of patients and sample sources may contribute to the heterogeneity of the results for TBARS,NO and SOD.The result further demonstrated the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. | ZHANG Ming1,2,ZHAO ZhongMing3,HE Lin1,2,4 & WAN ChunLing1,2 1 Bio-X Center,Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders(Ministry of Education),Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200030,China 2 Institutes for Nutritional Sciences,Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200031,China 3 Departments of Biomedical Informatics,Psychiatry,and Cancer Biology,Vanderbilt University Medical Center,Nashville,TN 37232,USA 4 Institutes of Biomedical Sciences,Fudan University,Shanghai 200032,China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，1： | 32 |
| 2 | Sorafenib in treatment of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma:a systematic review显示文摘BACKGROUND: Sorafenib has become the standard first-line treatment for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of sorafenib in advanced HCC patients and explore its true value for specific subgroups. DATA SOURCES: A computer-based systematic search from January 2005 to June 2011 with 'sorafenib' and 'advanced hepatocellular carcinoma' as search terms was performed for possible clinical trials. Hazard ratios (HR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) for overall survival (OS) and time to progression (TTP), rates of partial response (PR), rates of toxicity effects, and details of subgroup analysis were extracted. Meta-analyses were done using the software Review Manager (version 5.0). RESULTS: Six trials with 1164 patients were included. Based on three randomized controlled trials, the pooled HR (sorafenib/ placebo) was 0.66 for OS (95% CI: 0.56-0.78; P<0.00001) and 0.57 for TTP (95% CI: 0.47-0.68; P<0.00001). The pooled odds ratio (OR) for PR was 2.96 (95% CI: 0.96-9.15; P=0.06). For three single-arm trials, the pooled HR was 0.69 for OS (95% CI: 0.56-0.84; P=0.0002) and 0.64 for TTP (95% CI: 0.52-0.78; P<0.00001). The pooled OR for PR in three single-arm trials was 3.56 (95% CI: 1.22-10.39; P=0.02). Subgroup analysis indicated that sorafenib was less effective in patients with extrahepatic spread (with: P=0.13 vs without: P<0.0001), with normal alpha-fetoprotein level (AFP) (P=0.15 vs elevated: P=0.0006), and with elevated level of serum bilirubin (P=0.06 vs normal: P=0.0009). Sorafenib-based therapy significantly increased the risk of grade 3/4 hand-foot skin reaction, diarrhea, fatigue, and rash/desquamation.CONCLUSIONS: Sorafenib-based therapy benefits advanced HCC patients. Meanwhile, sorafenib is less effective for patients with extrahepatic spread, with normal AFP level and with elevated level of bilirubin. | Xin Zhang, Xin-Rong Yang, Xiao-Wu Huang, Wei-Min Wang, Ruo-Yu Shi, Yang Xu, Zheng Wang, Shuang-Jian Qiu, Jia Fan ,Jian Zhou Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Organ Transplantation, Shanghai 200032, China,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China | 2012 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2012，11，5： | 29 |
| 3 | Regulation of the G1 phase of the mammalian cell cycle显示文摘In any multi-cellular organism, the balance between cell division and cell death maintains a constant cell number. Both cell division cycle and cell death are highly regulated events. Whether the cell will proceed through the cycle or not, depends upon whether the conditions required at the checkpoints during the cycle are fulfilled. In higher eucaryotic cells, such as mammalian cells, signals that arrest the cycle usually act at a G1 checkpoint. Cells that pass this restriction point are committed to complete the cycle. Regulation of the GI phase of the cell cycle is extremely complex and involves many different families of proteins such as retinoblastoma family cyclin dependent kinases, cyclins, and cyclic kinase inhibitors. | DONJERKOVIC DUBRRAVKA DAVID W SCOTT (Department of Immunology, Holland Laboratory for the Biomedical Sciences, American Red Cross, 15601 Crabbs Branch Way, Rockville, MD) | 2000 | Cell Research2000，10，1： | 18 |
| 4 | Large field of view computed laminography with the asymmetric rotational scanning geometry显示文摘X-ray computed laminography(CL)is used in the fields of industrial inspection and medical imaging.It can provide the internal structure three-dimensional(3D)information of a region of the objects nondestructively.It is important to the clinical diagnosis and the quality control of flat objects like printed circuit boards,aircraft wings and satellite solar panels.With the restriction that the imaging region must be within the X-ray beam formed by the X-ray source and the detector,the imaging field of view of CL is limited by the size of detector.A new CL method with an asymmetric rotational cone-beam scanning geometry,called large field of view CL,is presented to overcome the existing disadvantage.It can extend the imaging region when the imaging spatial resolution keeps the same as that of the conventional CL.It can also improve the imaging spatial resolution when the imaging region keeps the same as that of the conventional CL.The asymmetric configuration can be achieved by offsetting the detector from the conventional symmetric configuration.It does not,however,require new detectors and X-ray source nor alter the scanning mechanical system.The filtered back-projection(FBP)reconstruction algorithm and the data truncation smoothing functions have been deduced to reconstruct the images directly from the data acquired with this asymmetric configuration.We performed numerical studies and experiments to demonstrate and validate the proposed approach. Results in these studies and experiments confirm that the proposed method can enlarge the imaging region and improve the spatial resolution.The proposed approach may find applications in the CL system with the rotational scanning geometry. | FU Jian 1,2 ,JIANG BaiHong&LI Bin 1 School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China 2 Research Center of Digital Radiation Imaging and Biomedical Imaging,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China | 2010 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2010，53，8： | 12 |
| 5 | Stimulus-responsive polymeric nanoparticles for biomedical applications显示文摘Polymeric nanoparticles with unique properties are regarded as the most promising materials for biomedical applications including drug delivery and in vitro/in vivo imaging.Among them,stimulus-responsive polymeric nanoparticles,usually termed as 'intelligent' nanoparticles,could undergo structure,shape,and property changes after being exposed to external signals including pH,temperature,magnetic field,and light,which could be used to modulate the macroscopical behavior of the nanoparticles.This paper reviews the recent progress in stimulus-responsive nanoparticles used for drug delivery and in vitro/in vivo imaging,with an emphasis on double/multiple stimulus-responsive systems and their biomedical applications. | LI YongYong1,2,DONG HaiQing1,2,WANG Kang1,SHI DongLu 2,ZHANG XianZheng1 & ZHUO RenXi1 1Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers,Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China 2Institute for Advanced Materials and Nano Biomedicine(iNANO),Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China | 2010 | Science China Chemistry2010，53，3： | 11 |
| 6 | Nitric Oxide:from a mysterious labile factor to the molecule of the Nobel Prize Recent progress in nitric oxide research显示文摘NO is now known to be an important messenger molecule in biology.It regulates a variety of functions within cells and tissues including vasodilation, neurotransmission and immunological process. This review will focus on the nitric oxide synthase gene family and recent progress on molecular genetic analysis of NOS1, NOS2 and N0S3 genes. | XU WEI MING LI ZHI LIU (The Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, The Rayne Institute, University College London, 5 University Street,London WC1E 6JJ) | 1998 | Cell Research1998，8，4： | 11 |
| 7 | Medaka fish stem cells and their applications显示文摘Stem cells are present in developing embryos and adult tissues of multicellular organisms. Owing to their unique features, stem cells provide excellent opportunities for experimental analyses of basic developmental processes such as pluripotency control and cell fate decision and for regenerative medicine by stem cell-based therapy. Stem cell cultures have been best studied in 3 vertebrate organisms. These are the mouse, human and a small laboratory fish called medaka. Specifically, medaka has given rise to the first embryonic stem (ES) cells besides the mouse, the first adult testis-derived male stem cells spermatogonia capable of test-tube sperm production, and most recently, even haploid ES cells capable of producing Holly, a semi-cloned fertile female medaka from a mosaic oocyte created by microinjecting a haploid ES cell nucleus directly into a normal oocyte. These breakthroughs make medaka a favoring vertebrate model for stem cell research, the topic of this review. | YI MeiSheng1, HONG Ni1, LI ZhenDong1, YAN Yan1,2, WANG DanKe1, ZHAO HaoBin1,3 & HONG YunHan1,4* 1Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260, Singapore 2Division of Bioengineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457, Singapore 3Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China 4State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，4： | 10 |
| 8 | Proteomics in China:Ready for prime time显示文摘Proteomics is a newborn science focusing on the comprehensive systematic analysis of all proteins in molecule machineries,organelles,cells,tissues,organs or intact organisms.It has been becoming one of the focuses in life sciences and cutting-edge techniques in biotechnologies in the 21st century.During the last decade,proteomics in China has developed much faster than other developing fields in the life sciences.This review article briefly retrospects the origin and development of proteomics in China,and provides an overview of representative scientific progress and perspectives. | GAO Xue1,ZHANG XueLi1,ZHENG JunJie1 & HE FuChu1,2 1 State Key Laboratory of Proteomics,Beijing Proteome Research Center,Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine,Beijing 102206,China 2 Institutes of Biomedical Sciences,Fudan University,Shanghai 200032,China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，1： | 10 |
| 9 | Selective inhibition of Hepatocarcinoma cells by apatite nanoparticles显示文摘The effects of HAP nanoparticles on growth of primary normal animal liver cells and on growth of hepatocarcinoma cell line Bel 7402 in vitro were studied respectively and were compared with each other.The results showed that HAP nanoparticles in certain concentration inhibited growth of cancer cells significantly while did not inhibite normal cells in the same concentration.The inhibition ratio was as high as very high dosage of adriamycin.It was concluded that HAP nanoparticles can selectively inhibited cancer cells. | SUN En jie 1, LI Shi pu 2 ,YAN Yu hua 2 CAO Xian ying 2,FENG Ling yun 2 , XIONG Xian li 2,ZHANG Zhu 2 1 College of Materials Science and Engineering 2 Biomedical Materials And Engineering Center Wuhan University of Science and Technol | 2002 | Chinese Journal of Biomedical Engineering(English Edition)2002，11，2： | 10 |
| 10 | Prognostic role of diabetes mellitus in hepatocellular carcinoma patients after curative treatments:a meta-analysis显示文摘BACKGROUND:The prognostic role of diabetes mellitus (DM) coexisting with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains controversial.To clarify its impact on survival in HCC patients after curative treatments,a meta-analysis was performed.DATA SOURCES:Eligible studies were identified through multiple search strategies in the databases PubMed (MEDLINE),EMBASE,the Cochrane Library and ACP Journal Club between January 1950 and March 2010.Ten studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria,and data were aggregated comparing overall survival and recurrence-free survival in HCC patients according to DM status.RESULTS:The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) estimate for overall survival was 1.34 (95% CI,1.18-1.51;P<0.0001) and for recurrence-free survival was 1.48 (95% CI,1.00-2.18;P<0.0001),showing a worse survival for HCC with coexisting DM.However,the patients with DM had a shorter survival time in HCV-related HCC (HR=1.71;95% CI,1.10-2.66;P=0.016),while HBV-related cases were not significantly different (HR=1.29;95% CI,0.69-2.40;P=0.182).Meanwhile,the coexistence of DM impaired overall survival in HCC patients with a small tumor burden (HR=1.63;95% CI,1.25-2.12;P<0.0001).CONCLUSION:HCC patients with coexisting DM have a shorter survival time and a higher risk for tumor recurrence after curative treatments,while the precise value should be defined in more clinical trials with consistent methodology,especially prospective studies. | Wei-Min Wang,Yang Xu,Xin-Rong Yang,Yao-Hui Wang,Hai-Xiang Sun and Jia Fan Institute of Biomedical Sciences,Fudan University,Shanghai 200032,China Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion,Ministry of Education,and Liver Cancer Institute,Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University,Shanghai 200032,China Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center,Shanghai 200032,China | 2011 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2011，10，4： | 10 |
| 11 | 镍钛形状记忆合金细胞相容性和生物力学兼容性的改进显示文摘镍钛记忆合金(NiTi)生物材料器件的发展,迫切要求研究和提高其细胞相容性和生物力学性能。依据美国材料测试标准协会(ASTM)的标准,我们研究表明:NiTi的细胞毒性比纯钛、Ti6A14V和316L不锈钢大,在NiTi表面作聚合四氟乙烯高离子(PPTFE)喷涂。可降低NiTi合金的细胞毒性,提高其抗腐蚀力。各种热处理方法可改善其疲劳性能,循环拉伸强度试验可测出其超弹性性能的衰减。 | L’H Yahia S.Lombardi N.Hagemeister G.Drouin C.H. Rivard M .Assad Okuyaman(Biomechanical-Biomaterials Research Group, Biomedical Engineering Institute, Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal,Canada)(Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,Hospital St.Justine, Montreal, | 1995 | 医用生物力学1995，10，2： | 9 |
| 12 | Solvation effects on brain uptakes of isomers of ^(99m)Tc brain imaging agents显示文摘Analysis of electrostatic hydration free energies of the isomers of the 99mTc-BAT and 99mTc-DADT complexes is carried out using the computer simulation technique. The results show that not only a correlation exists between the logarithm of the brain uptake and the electrostatic hydration free energy for the isomers of 99mTc-brain radiopharmaceu-ticals, but also a linear relationship exists between the logarithm of the ratio of the brain uptake of the syn isomer to that of the anti one and the difference between the electrostatic hydration free energy of the syn-isomer and that of the anti one. Furthermore, the investigation on the important factors influencing the brain uptakes of 99mTc-radiophar-maceuticals and the reasons of the different biodistribution of the isomers of the 99mTc-complexes is explored at the molecular level. The results may provide a reference for the rational drug design of brain imaging agents. | JIA Hongmei, MA Xiaohui, WANG Cunxin & LIU Boli1. Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China 2. Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beijing Polytechnic University, Beijing 100022, China | 2002 | Chinese Science Bulletin2002，47，21： | 8 |
| 13 | Preparation and Characterization of Collagen-GAGs Bioactive Matrices for Tissue Engineering显示文摘Collagen materials were crosslinked by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) in the presence of chondroitin sulfate (CS), one of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). PVA and chitosan were also blended with collagen. The physical and chemical properties of the matrices were characterized by SEM, DSC, and ESCA. L929 cells were implanted on the matrices to show the cytotoxic and the biological characters of the materials. The results indicate that EDC is an effective and non-cytotoxic cross-link reagent, which can replace the common dialdehyde reagent. The attachment of CS can improve the stability of collagen and accelerate cell growth. The addition of PVA can prepare porous matrices with smaller bore size. There are reactions between the chitosan and collagen, and the composite has good biological character. The presence of chitosan can also increase the amount of incorporated CS. | Hongyi YANG and Qiqing ZHANG Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin 300192, China | 2001 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2001，17，5： | 7 |
| 14 | Adenoviral-mediated Hath1-EGFP gene transfer into guinea pig cochlea through intact round window membrane显示文摘Objective To study expression of adenoviral-mediated Hath1-EGFP gene in the guinea pig cochlea after transfer through intact round window membrane(RWM), and to assess its effects on hearing. Methods Twenty adult guinea pigs were used, of which: 12 were surgically inoculated with Ad-Hath1-EGFP in the bony groove of round window niche, and 8 with artificial perilymph. Auditory brainstem response(ABR) thresholds were determined in all animals before and 5 days after surgery. On post-surgery day 5 and day 14, animals were sacrificed and whole mounts of cochlea and frozen sections were examined. Results ABR tests showed no significant change of hearing after the surgery. Strong fluorescence staining in the cochleae was seen in Ad-Hath1-EGFP groups. The highest levels of gene expression were seen in the post-surgery day 5 group with little decrease on post-surgery day 14.The contralateral cochlea and those in the control groups were free of fluorescence staining. Conclusion The transgenic Hath1-EGFP can be effectively delivered into the inner ear through intact RWM, in an atraumatic manner. | CHEN Wei1☆, HU Yin-yan1☆, YANG Shi-ming1*, GUO Wei1, SUN Jian-he1, HAN Dong-yi1, ZHAI Suo-qiang1, YANG Wei-yan1, David Z.Z.He2 1. Neurologic Biological centre, Institute of Otolaryngology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China 2. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68175, USA | 2008 | Journal of Otology2008，3，1： | 7 |
| 15 | Microwave-assisted Polymerization of D,L-Lactide with Stannous Octanoate as Catalyst显示文摘Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) was synthesized by microwave-assisted ring-opening poly- merization of D, L-lactide with stannous octanoate (SnOct2) as catalyst. Its weight-average molar mass (Mw) ranged from 39000 to 67000 and the polydispersity index from 1.3 to 1.7. The polymerization rate was much faster than that of the conventional thermal polymerization. A degradation of newly formed PLA in reaction mixture by microwave irradiation was observed. | Li Jian LIU* Chao ZHANG, Li Qiong LIAO, Xu Li WANG, Ren Xi ZHUO Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University The Research Laboratory of SEDC of Biomedical Polymer Materials at Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072 | 2001 | Chinese Chemical Letters2001，12，8： | 7 |
| 16 | Numerical and experimental investigation of the fracture behavior of shock loaded alumina显示文摘Plate impact expeiments are conducted to investigate the dynamic behavior of alumina by using one stage light gas gun. A ve-locity interferometer system for reflectors (VISAR) is used to obtain Hugoniot elastic limit and the free surface velocity profile,which consists of an elastic wave followed immediately by a dispersive inelastic wave. The stress histories under different impact velocities are measured by in-material manganin gauges. Based on the experimental data a Hugoniot curve is fitted,which shows the compressive characteristics that alumina changes typically from elastic to 'plastic' ,and under higher pressure it will be transferred to similar-fluid state. The turning point of the Hugoniot curve from a high pressure region to a low pressure region is about 11.4 GPa. The fracture process of alumina is simulated by way of finite element code. After the analysis of the fracture mechanism,the numerical results show an important role played by the nucleation and the growth of the cracks in the macro-scopic fracture of the alumina target. The numerical predictions of stress histories are compared with the experimental results,which indicates consistency between them. | REN HuiLan1,SHU XueFeng2 & LI Ping3 1 State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China 2 Institute of Applied Mechanics and Biomedical Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China 3 Labroratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics Research,Institute of Fluid Physics,CAEP,Mianyang 610059,China | 2010 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2010，53，2： | 7 |
| 17 | Analysis of finite-element-based methods for reducing the ill-posedness in the reconstruction of fluorescence molecular tomography显示文摘The major issue in reconstruction of optical imaging might be the ill-posedness of the problem. In this paper, four different algorithms, including singular value decomposition (SVD), the truncated SVD, Tikhonov regularization and adaptive regularization, are analyzed and applied for solving the matrix equation generated from diffuse equation based on finite-element method in fluorescence molecular tomography. Results illustrate the need for either imposition of regularization term or elimination of too small singular values in reducing the illposedness. The results also suggest that the adaptive-regularization method offers superior performance in the reconstruction among the four methods in most cases even if the initially selected regularization parameter is not optimal, thus providing the convenience for the reconstruction. | Zhun Xu, Jing Bai Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China | 2009 | Progress in Natural Science:Materials International2009，19，4： | 6 |
| 18 | Fluorescence Microscopic Image Analysis of Nucleic Acids Based on The Capillary Flow Directed Assembly Ring of Neutral Red-nucleic Acid Supramolecular Complexes显示文摘It is critical to establish a direct and precise method with a high sensitivity and selectivity in analytical chemistry. In this research, making use of a well known phenomenon of capillary flow, we have proposed an image analysis method of nucleic acids at the price of a small amount of sample. When a droplet of the supramolecular complex solution, formed by neutral red and nucleic acids(NA) under an approximate neutral condition, was placed on the hydrophobic surface of dimethyl dichlorosilane pretreated glass slides, and it was evaporated, the supramolecular complex exhibited the periphery of the droplet due to the capillary effect, and accumulated there to form a red capillary flow directed assembly ring(CFDAR). A typical CFDAR has an outer diameter of (2 r ) about 1.18 mm and a ring width(2 δ ) of about 41 μm. Depending on the experimental conditions, a variety of CFDAR can be assembled. The experimental results are in agreement with our former theoretical discussion. It was found that when a droplet volume is 0.1 μL, the fluorescence intensity of the CFDAR formed by the NR NA is in proportion to the content of calf thymus DNA in the range of 0-0.28 ng, fish sperm DNA of 0-0.24 ng and yeast RNA of 0-0.16 ng with the limit of detection(3 σ ) of 1 7, 1.4 and 0.9 pg, respectively for the three nucleic acids. | LI Yuan fang and HUANG Cheng zhi ** Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry and Biomedical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Normal University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China | 2003 | Chemical Research in Chinese Universities2003，19，3： | 6 |
| 19 | Activation-induced cell death in B lymphocytes显示文摘Upon encountering the antigen (Ag), the immune system can either develop a specific immune response or enter a specific state of unresponsiveness, tolerance. The response of B cells to their specific Ag can be activation and proliferation, leading to the immune response, or anergy and activation-induced cell death (AICD), leading to tolerance. AICD in B lymphocytes is a highly regulated event initiated by crosslinking of the B cell receptor (BCR). BCR engagement initiates several signaling events such as activation of PLCr, Ras, and PI3K, which generally speaking, lead to survival. However, in the absence of survival signals (CD40 or IL-4R engagement), BCR crosslinking can also promote apoptotic signal transduction pathways such as activation of effector caspases, expression of pro-apoptotic genes, and inhibition of pro-survival genes. The complex interplay between survival and death signals determines the B cell fate and, consequently, the immune response. | DONJERKOVIC DUBRAVKA, DAVID W SCOTT (Department of Immunology, Holland Laboratory for the Biomedical Sciences, American Red Cross, 15601 Crabbs Branch Way, Rockville, MD, 20855. USA) | 2000 | Cell Research2000，10，3： | 6 |
| 20 | Computational neuroscience in China显示文摘The ultimate goal of Computational Neuroscience(CNS) is to use and develop mathematical models and approaches to elucidate brain functions.CNS is a young and highly multidisciplinary field.It heavily interacts with experimental neuroscience and such other research areas as artificial intelligence,robotics,computer vision,information science and machine learning.This paper reviews the history of CNS in China,its current status and the prospects for its future development.Examples of CNS research in China are also presented. | WU Si1 & LIANG PeiJi2 1Institute of Neuroscience,Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences,State Key Laboratory of Neurobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200031,China 2Department of Biomedical Engineering,Shanghai Jiaotong University,Shanghai 200240,China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，3： | 6 |
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