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| 1 | Tuberculosis care strategies and their economic consequences for patients: the missing link to end tuberculosis显示文摘Background:While investment in the development of Tuberculosis(TB)treatment strategies is essential,it cannot be assumed that the strategies are affordable for TB patients living in countries with high economic constraints.This study aimed to determine the economic consequences of directly observed therapy for TB patients.Methods:A cross-sectional cost-of-illness analysis was conducted between September to November 2015 among 576 randomly selected adult TB patients who were on directly observed treatment in 27 public health facilities in Addis Ababa,Ethiopia.Data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaire adapted from the Tool to Estimate Patients’Costs.Mean and median costs,reduction of productivity,and household expenditure of TB patients were calculated and ways of coping costs captured.Eta(η),Odds ratio and p values were used to measure association between variables.Results:Of the total 576 TB patients enrolled,43%were smear-positive pulmonary TB(PTB),17%smear-negative PTB,37%Extra-PTB and 3%multi-drug resistant TB cases.Direct(Out-of-Pocket)mean and median costs of TB illness to patients were$123.0(SD=58.8)and$125.78(R=338.12),respectively,and indirect(loss income)mean and median costs were$54.26(SD=43.5)and$44.61(R=215.6),respectively.Mean and median total cost of TB illness to patient were$177.3(SD=78.7)and$177.1(R=461.8),respectively.The total cost had significant association with patient’s household income,residence,need for additional food,and primary income(P<0.05).Direct costs were catastrophic for 63%of TB patients,regardless of significant difference between gender(P=0.92)and type of TB cases(P=0.37).TB patients mean productivity and income reduced by 37 and 10%,respectively,compared with pre-treatment level,while mean household expenditure increased by 33%and working hours reduced by 78%due to TB illness.Income quartile categories were directly correlated with catastrophic costs(η=0.684).Conclusion:Despite the availability of free-of-charge anti-TB drugs,TB patients were suffering from out-of-pocket payments with catastrophic consequences,which in turn were hampering the efforts to end TB.TB patients in resource-limited countries deserve integrated patient-centered care with comprehensive health insurance coverage,financial incentives,and nutrition support to reduce catastrophic costs and retain them in care.Such countries should induce home-based directly observed therapy programs to reduce costs due to attending health facilities,intensify home treatment of critically-ill patients with impaired mobility,and reduce the spread of TB due to patients traveling to seek care. | Belete Getahun Moges Wubie Getiye Dejenu Tsegahun Manyazewal | 2016 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2016，5，1： | 2 |
| 2 | Hypoxic-ischemic encephalop- athy: correlation of serial MRI and outcome 显示文摘 | Belet N Belet U Incesu L | 2004 | Pediatr neu rol2004，31，4： | 1 |
| 3 | Anterior sacral meningocele mimicking ovarian cyst:a ease report显示文摘 | Polar AV Belet U Aydin R | 2013 | Med Uhrasonog2013，15，： | 1 |
| 4 | A case of adolescent brucellosis presented with epididymoorchitis显示文摘 | KARLI A 瘙塁ENSOY G BELET N | 2014 | Guncel Pediatri2014，11，： | 1 |
| 5 | Anterior sacral maningoeele mimicking ovarian cyst: a case report 显示文摘 | Polat A V Belet U Aydin R | 2013 | Mad Ultrason2013，15，1： | 1 |
| 6 | On friction stir butt welding of Al-t-12Si/10wt% TiC in-situ composite显示文摘 | Belete Sirahbizu Yigezu Venkateswarlu D Mahapatra M M | 2014 | Mater Des2014，54，： | 1 |
| 7 | Dynamic upper airway soft-tissue and caliber changes in healthy subjects and snoring patients显示文摘 | Akan H Aksoz T Belet U | 2004 | AJNR Am J Neuroradiol2004，25，10： | 1 |
| 8 | Traumatic lumbar artery pseudoancurysm, the role of CT angiography in diagnosis and treatment显示文摘 | Ceyhan M Belet U Asian S | 2010 | Diagnostic Interventional Radiology2010，16，2： | 1 |
| 9 | Pseudomonas aeruginosa AlgR reg- ulates type IV pilus biosynthesis by activating transcription of the fimU- piIVWXY1Y2E operon显示文摘 | BELETE B LU H WOZNIAK D J | 2008 | J Bacteriol2008，190，6： | 1 |
| 10 | Dynamic upper airway soft-tissue and caliber changes in healthy subjects and snoring patients显示文摘 | Akan H Aksoz T Belet U | 2004 | AJNR Am J Neuroradiol2004，25，10： | 1 |
| 11 | Effect of sliding distance, applied load and wt % of reinforcement on the abrasive wear properties of in-situ synthesized AI-12%SilTiC composites显示文摘 | BELETE S Y JHA P K MAHAPATRA M M | 2013 | Tribology Transactions2013，56，4： | 1 |
| 12 | On modeling the abrasive wear characteristics of in situ AI-12%Si/TiC composites显示文摘 | BELETE S Y JHA P K MAHAPATRA M M | 2013 | Materials and Design2013，50，： | 1 |
| 13 | Hypoxic- ischemic encephalopa- thy: correlation of serial MRI and outcome 显示文摘 | Belet N Belet U Incesu L | 2004 | Pediatr Neurol2004，31，4： | 1 |
| 14 | Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: correlation of serial MR/and outcome 显示文摘 | Belet N Belet U Incesu L | 2004 | Pediatr Neurol2004，31，4： | 1 |
| 15 | Power Doppler sonographic diagnosis of torsion in a wandering spleen显示文摘 | Danaci M Belet U Yalin T | 2000 | Jclin Ultrasound2000，281，5： | 1 |
| 16 | Zinc supple- mentation for the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus显示文摘 | Beletate V El Dib RP Atallah AN | 2007 | Cochrane Database Syst Rev2007，，00： | 1 |
| 17 | Dynamic upper airway soft-tissue and caliber changes in healthy subjects and snoring patients显示文摘 | AKAN H AKSZ T BELET U | 2004 | AJNR Am J Neuroradiol2004，25，： | 1 |
| 18 | Catheter-related fungemia caused by Saceharomyces eerevisiae in a newborn显示文摘 | Belet N DalgicN Oncel S Ciftci E Ince E Guriz H | 2005 | Pediatr Infect Dis2005，24，12： | 1 |
| 19 | Dynamic upper airway soft-tissue and caliber changes in healthy subjects and snoring patients 显示文摘 | Akan H Aksz T Belet u | 2004 | AJNR2004，25，： | 1 |
| 20 | Vaccine Cold Chain and Vaccination Records显示文摘 | Gulnar Sensoy Nursen Belet | 2008 | Jounal of Pediatric Infection2008，，1： | 1 |
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