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| 1 | Impaired swallowing mechanics of post radiation therapy head and neck cancer patients: A retrospective videofluoroscopic study显示文摘AIM: To determine swallowing outcomes and hyolaryngeal mechanics associated with post radiation therapy head and neck cancer(rt HNC) patients using videofluoroscopic swallow studies. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, video-fluoroscopic images of rt HNC patients(n = 21) were compared with age and gender matched controls(n = 21). Penetration-aspiration of the bolus and bolus residue were measured as swallowing outcome variables. Timing and displacement measurements of the anterior and posterior muscular slings elevating the hyolaryngeal complex were acquired. Coordinate data of anatomical landmarks mapping the action of the anterior muscles(suprahyoid muscles) and posterior muscles(long pharyngeal muscles) were used to calculate the distance measurements, and slice numbers were used to calculate time intervals. Canonical variate analysis with post-hoc discriminant function analysis was performed on coordinate data to determine multivariate mechanics of swallowing associated with treatment. Pharyngeal constriction ratio(PCR) was also measured to determine if weak pharyngeal constriction is associated with post radiation therapy.RESULTS: The rt HNC group was characterized by poor swallowing outcomes compared to the control group in regards to: Penetration-aspiration scale(P < 0.0001), normalized residue ratio scale(NRRS) for the valleculae(P = 0.002) and NRRS for the piriform sinuses(P = 0.003). Timing and distance measurements of the anterior muscular sling were not significantly different in the two groups, whereas for the PMS time of displacement was abbreviated(P = 0.002) and distance of excursion was reduced(P = 0.02) in the rt HNC group. A canonical variate analysis shows a significant reduction in pharyngeal mechanics in the rt HNC group(P < 0.0001). The PCR was significantly higher in the test group than the control group(P = 0.0001) indicating reduced efficiency in pharyngeal clearance. CONCLUSION: Using videofluoroscopy, this study shows rt HNC patients have worse swallowing outcomes associated with reduced hyolaryngeal mechanics and pharyngeal constriction compared with controls. | William G Pearson Jr Alisa A Davidoff Zachary M Smith Dorothy E Adams Susan E Langmore | 2016 | World Journal of Radiology2016，8，2： | 2 |
| 2 | Guidelines for the early management of adults with ischemic stroke : a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Coun- cil, Clinical Cardiology Council, Cardiovascular Radiology and Inter- vention Council, and the Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease and Quality of Care Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Groups: the American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline as an educational tool for neurologists 显示文摘 | Adams H P Jr del-Zoppo G Alberts M J | 2007 | Stroke2007，38，5： | 1 |
| 3 | Guidelines for the early management of adults withischemic stroke: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association StrokeCouncil, ClinicalCardiology Council, CardiovascularRadiology and Inter vent ion Council, and theAtherosclerotic Peripheral VascularDisease andQualityof CareOutcomeinResearchlnterdisciplinary Working Groups:the American Academy of Neurologyaffirms the value of this guideline as an educationaltool for neurologists 显示文摘 | ADAMS H P JR DEL ZOPPO G ALBER TS M J | 2007 | Stroke2007，38，： | 1 |
| 4 | Guidelines for the early management of adults with ischemic stroke显示文摘 | Adams HP Jr del Zoppo G Alberts MJ | 2007 | Stroke2007，38，5： | 1 |
| 5 | Guidelines for the early management of adults with ischemic stroke 显示文摘 | Adams HP JR Del Zoppo G Alberts M J | 2007 | Stroke2007，38，5： | 1 |
| 6 | Guide- lines for the early management of adults with ischemic stroke: a guideline from the American Heart Association / American Stroke Association Stroke Council, Clinical Cardiology Council, Cardiovascular Radiology and Inter- vention Council, and the Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease and Quality of Care Outcomes in Re- search Interdisciplinary Working Groups: The American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guide- line as an educational tool for neurologists显示文摘 | Adams HP Jr del Zoppo G Alberts M J | 2007 | Circula-tion2007，115，20： | 1 |
| 7 | Guidelines for the early management of adults with ischemic stroke:a guideline from the American Heart Aasociation/American Stroke Association Stroke Council,Clinical Cardiology Council,Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention Council,and the Atherusclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease and Quality of Care Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Groups:the American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline as an educational tool for neurologists显示文摘 | Adams lip Jr del Zoppo G Albests MJ | 2007 | Stroke2007，38，5： | 1 |
| 8 | Guidelines for the early management of adults with ischemic stroke:a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council,Clinical Cardiology Council,Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention Council,and the Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease and Quality of Care Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Groups:the American Academy of Neurology affims the value of this guideline as an educational tool for neurologists显示文摘 | Adams HP Jr del Zoppo G Alberts MJ | 2007 | J Stroke2007，38，5： | 1 |
| 9 | Guidelines for the early management of adults with ischemic stroke : a guide- line from the American Heart Association/American Stroke &ssoeiation Stroke Council, Clinical Cardiology Council, Car diovascular Radiology and Intervention Council, and the Ath- erosclerotie Peripheral Vascular Disease and Quality of Care Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Groups 显示文摘 | Adams HP Jr del Zoppo G Alberts MJ | 2007 | Stroke2007，38，： | 1 |
| 10 | Guidelines for the carly management of adults with ischemic stroke:a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council, Clinical Cardiology Council, Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention Council, and the Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease and Quality of Care Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Groups:the American Academy of Neurology affirms the walue of this guideline as an educational tool for neurologists显示文摘 | Adams HP Jr del Zoppo G Albert MJ | 2007 | Stroke2007，38，： | 1 |
| 11 | Guidelines for the early management of adults with ischemic stroke:a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council,Clinical Cardiology Council,Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention Council,and the Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease and Quality of Care Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Groups:the American Academy of Neurology affirms the value ofthis guideline as an educational tool for neurologists显示文摘 | Adams LP Jr deZoppo G Alberts MJ | 2007 | Stroke2007，38，： | 1 |
| 12 | Guidelines for the early management of adults with ischemic stroke 显示文摘 | Adams HP Jr del Zoppo G Alberts M J | 2007 | Stroke2007，38，5： | 1 |
| 13 | Guidline for the early management of adults with Ischemic Stroke显示文摘 | Adams liP Jr del Zoppo G Alberts M J | 2007 | Stroke2007，38，5： | 1 |
| 14 | Guidelines for the early management of adults with ischemic stroke:a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council,Clinical Cardiology Council,Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention Council,and the Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease and Quality of Care Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Groups:the American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline as an educational tool for neurologists显示文摘 | Adams HP Jr del Zoppo G Alberts MJ | 2007 | Stroke2007，38，： | 1 |
| 15 | Guidelines for the early management of adults with ischemic stroke : a guideline from the A- merican Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Coun- cil, Clinical Cardiology Council, Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention Council, and the Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease and Quality of Care Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Groups:The American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline as an educational tool for neurologists 显示文摘 | Adams HP Jr del Zoppo G Alberts MJ | 2007 | Circulation2007，115，20： | 1 |
| 16 | for Guidelines for the early management of adults with ischemic stroke: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council, Clinical Cardiology Council, Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention Council, and the Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease and Quality of Care Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Groups: the American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline as an educational tool for neurologists 显示文摘 | Adams HP Jr del Zoppo G Alberts M J | 2007 | Stroke2007，38，5： | 1 |
| 17 | Guidelines for the early management of adults with ischernic stroke:a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council, Clinical Cardiology Council, Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention Council, and the Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease and Quality of Care Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Groups: The American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline as an educational tool for neurologists 显示文摘 | Adams HP Jr del Zoppo G Alberts MJ | 2007 | Stroke2007，38，5： | 1 |
| 18 | Fuidelines for the early management of adults with ischemic stroke:a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council,Clinical Cardiology Council,Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention Council,and the Atherosclerosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease and Quality of Care Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Groups:the American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline as an educational tool for neurologists显示文摘 | Adams HP Jr del-Zoppo G Alberts MJ | 2007 | Stroke2007，，5： | 1 |
| 19 | Guideline from the american heart association/american stroke association stroke council, clinical cardiology council, cardiovascular radiology and intervention council, and the atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease and quality of care outcomes in resarch interdisciplinary working groups 显示文摘 | Adams HP Jr del Zoppo G Alberts M J | 2007 | Stroke2007，38，： | 1 |
| 20 | Guidelines for the early management of adults with ischemic stroke显示文摘 | Adams HP Jr del Zoppo G Alberts M J | 2007 | Stroke2007，38，5： | 1 |
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