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| 1 | Effect of Heat Treatment Temperature on Properties of Chinese Calcined Flint Clay Based Plastic Refractories显示文摘Effects of different heat treatment temperatures on properties of Chinese calcined flint clay based plastic refractories were investigated using Chinese calcined flint clay as starting material,aluminum sulfate and fireclay as binding system. The results showed that with temperature rising,Chinese calcined flint clay based plastic refractories shrinked firstly and then expanded. The modulus of rupture (MOR) and the cold crushing strength (CCS) increased firstly and then decreased from 110 ℃ to 600 ℃,then increased obviously. Thermal expansion coefficient increased from 110 ℃ to 760 ℃,decreased from 760 ℃ to 1 300 ℃,and increased from 1 300 ℃ to 1 500 ℃. | ZHANG Wei DAI Wenyong YU Xinfeng LI Liang | 2009 | China's Refractories2009，18，2： | 23 |
| 2 | Outlook on the Development of Synthetic Refractory Raw Materials Based on Natural Resources in China显示文摘China has rich resources of refractory raw materials.In the new century,the development of sophisticated synthetic refractory raw maerials with Chinese characteristics mainly based on bauxite and magnesite should be promoted at a faster tempo.They may be classified into 3 groups: (1)homogenized maerials(2) Property-optimized materials and(3) converted materials. | ZHONGXiangchong | 2000 | China's Refractories2000，9，1： | 13 |
| 3 | Looking Ahead——A New Generation of High Performance Refractory Ceramics显示文摘It is expected that in the new century, to cope with developments of new high temperature technologies, a new generation of high performance refractory ceramics will emerge and flourish which should include the following (1) oxide and nonoxide composites characterized by a unique combination of high hot strength, high thermal shock resistance and high corrosion resistance;(2) free CaO bearing basic refractories capable of purifying molten metal for improving cleanliness and of absorbing contaminants from waste gases for reducing environmental pollution;(3) free flowing zero cement castables with improved thermomechanical properties, thermal shock resistance and corrosion resistance and gradient castables with varying matrix composition and varying texture. | ZHONG Xiangchong(Zhengzhou University, 75 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China) | 2002 | China's Refractories2002，11，3： | 10 |
| 4 | Export and Import Situation of Refractories and Refractory Raw Materials in China显示文摘The article states China is a great nation in producing and exporting refractories and refractory raw materials,which, has earned much foreign exchange for our country ,only a few advanced refactory material, zircon and chrome ore are needed to be imported.The ar-ticle points out the problems in the export and import,and raises suggestions on development.After the entry of WTO,China will expand its co-operations with other countries in science,technology,economy and trade to play a more important role in the world market. | PANShangxin ZHANGZhongqi 等 | 2000 | China's Refractories2000，9，3： | 9 |
| 5 | Effect of Boric Acid on Properties of Calcined Flint Clay-bauxite Castables显示文摘In order to prolong the working time of calcined flint clay-bauxite castables during construction at high temperature,boric acid was added into the castables. The effect of boric acid on working time and curing cold crushing strength of the castables at 25 ℃ and 35 ℃ were investigated. After 24 h curing in mould and another 24 h curing at 110 ℃ after demoulding,the specimens were heat treated at 1 000 ℃,1 300 ℃,and 1 500 ℃ for 3 h,respectively. The permanent linear change,bulk density,modulus of rupture,and cold crushing strength were determined. The result shows that there is no need to add boric acid when calcined flint clay-bauxite castables works at 25 ℃; when calcined flint clay-bauxite castables works at 35 ℃,boric acid can increase the working time of the castables,but decrease the curing cold crushing strength a little. Adding boric acid into calcined flint clay-bauxite castables doesn't worsen performance of the castables. | ZHANG Wei DAI Wenyong | 2010 | China's Refractories2010，19，3： | 9 |
| 6 | Some Aspects in the Development of High Performance Refractories for Iron and Steel Making in China显示文摘In the past 25 years in China, to meet with the rapid increase in steel production accompanied by adoption of advanced metallurgical technologies, there has been fast development of China’s refractories industry in production capacity, in quality improvement and in development of new products. Sophisticated high performance refractory materials mainly based on our rich reserves of magnesite, bauxite and flake graphite have been developed, such as carbon-bonded products, high purity oxide products, bauxite-based low creep and high strength high alumina bricks and LC, ULC and ZC castables. They have been used in blast furnaces, BOFs, EAFs, secondary refining and continuous casting with considerable improvement in service performance. | ZHONG Xiangchong YE Fangbao | 2005 | China's Refractories2005，14，3： | 7 |
| 7 | Effect of Additives on Sintering of Cr2O3 in Reductive Atmosphere显示文摘The influence of additives TiO2,Y2O3 and composite rare earth on sintering of Cr2O3 in reductive atmosphere was studied.Results show that TiO2 can effectively increase the sinteed density at low temperature,As the increase of sintering temperature,such kind of effect becomes more and more unobvious and finaly disappear at 1550℃.Moreover,Y2O3 and composite rare earth have negative effect on sintering. | LIANGYonghe SUNChengxu | 2001 | China's Refractories2001，10，3： | 7 |
| 8 | Refractories Development for Iron and Steel Making in China显示文摘The developments of high performance refractories for the fast developing iron and stel industry in China in recent years have been briefly reviewed.Most of the sophisticated new produts developed are based on the country's natural raw materials,mainly bauxite,magne-site and graphite which occur in abundance. | ZHONGXiang-chong | 1996 | China's Refractories1996，5，1： | 6 |
| 9 | The Studies on Al2O3—SiO2 Based Castables Containing Andalusite显示文摘The studies on the linear change,cold MOR and the refractoriness under olad of the Al23-SiO2 based castables which contain andalusite were carried out.The results show that the linear change at over 1400℃ changes from negative value to positive if the castables contain over 10% an-dalusite;the higher the addition of andalusite in the castables,the larger is the expansion;The re-fractoriness under load increase obviously with the increasing of the andalusite content in the casta-bles;meanwhile,cold MOR and cold crushing stuength decrease as a result of the large volume expansion. | HEJin-zhou SEESoo-loi 等 | 1994 | China's Refractories1994，3，2： | 6 |
| 10 | Thermal Behavior in Relation to Different Bindings of Alumina Based Castables from 20 to 1000℃显示文摘Thermal behavior and physical properties of castables during curing and drying-out are associated with their binding system. In this work, five alumina based (Al2O3>87%) castables with different combinations of binding materials, i.e., (1) CA cement (CA)+Reactive alumina (RA)+H2O; (2) high level addition of CA+Microsilica (MS)+H2O; (3) low level addition of CA+MS+H2O; (4) MS+Hydratable alumina+H2O and (5) MS+Magnesia+H2O, respectively, have been investigated on the flowability and thermal behavior during curing at room temperature, drying at 110℃ and heating from 200℃ to 1000℃ at an interval of 100℃, in terms of water addition, vibration flow value, porosity, dehydration, explosion resistance, cold and hot bending strengths. Differences in dehydrating behavior and the mentioned properties have been revealed and correlated to the binding system. | ZHOU Ningsheng LIU Min ZHANG Sanhua | 2006 | China's Refractories2006，15，4： | 5 |
| 11 | Sillimanite,Kyanite and Andalusite in China and Their Applications Part Ⅰ:Their Reserve,Distribution and Characteristics显示文摘Sillimanite,kyanite and andalusite are advantageous natural refractory raw materials for aluminosilicate refactories to attain improved key properties.This paper are divided into parts to introduce their resource and technical characteristic in the first part,and their applications in refractories in the second aprt to be succeeded.In this part,based on authors' knowledge and sources,information on their reserve,distribution,composition and characteristic is provided,to bring it to light that China is rich in the reserve of them,in particular andalusite.The sillimanite group minerals are characterized by their phase transformation to form primary mullite and secondary mullite when added in high alumina system,accompanied by volume expansion,which can be taken use to improve creep resistances and thermal shock resistance of the related refractories. | LINBinyin LIUJiehua ZHOUNingsheng WANGJianiun | 2003 | China's Refractories2003，12，3： | 5 |
| 12 | AI_4C_3 Hydration Thermochemical Analysis for Burned Carbon-containing Refractories with Al显示文摘In this paper, X-ray diffractogram analysis and SEM observation of Al4 C3 formed at high temperature from carbon-containing refractories with Al have been carried out.Aluminum added to carbon-containing refractories reacts with C(s)to form Al4 C3(s) gradually during heating from 600 ℃ to 1200℃.It is considered that the interlocked structure of Al4 C3 plate crystals promotes the outstanding increase of hot modulus of rupture of carbon-containing refractories with Al. The HMOR of carbon-containing refractories added with Al additive from 0 to 5wt% increases by 2.8 times being from 6.5MPa to 18.2MPa.After a thermochemical calculation for hydration reaction processes of Al4 C3 and H2O(g), the equilibrium partial pressure chart of H2O(g)in H2O-Al4C3-Al(OH)3 system vs various temperatures has been attained . The H2O (g) partial pressure in the air needed for the Al4 C3 hydration reaction is no more than 10~18 atm at the temperature below 120℃.It is considered that the burned carbon-containing refractories with Al is extremely easy to hydrate and the cracking of burned carbon-containing refractories is generated because that the hydration expansion is 2.11 times during transforming from Al4 C3 to Al(OH)3.The fundamental measure against hydration of the refractories is to insulate the refractories from H2O(g)by various means such as pitch impregnation or other sealing materials. | YANG Ding’ao, YU Zhiming and FAN Liuwu( Sanmenxia Polytechnic College, Sanmenxia, Henan 472000, China ) | 2003 | China's Refractories2003，12，1： | 5 |
| 13 | Major Trends in Refractories Industry at the Beginning of the 21^(st) Century显示文摘An analysis of the present and of the future of the refractories industry is being presented, considering some important technical, economical, huma and environmental issues, on a worldwide basis. Refractories are still needed as confinement materials to prevent heat and mass transfer losses in many diverse manufacturing industries, and will remain so, but the main challenges, this industry do need to meet, are to adjust to an overcapacity production, to cope with new needs of the customers, in particular the'outsourcing', which is a new customer /supplier relationship being adopted by many of them , and to keep the research and development alive in a more and more competitive arena. Among the direct consequences, are the need to keep the education world in refractory eng ineering training alive and to cope with macro and micro projects to change the image ofthe Refractories, from a commodity material to a sophisticated 'high-tech' composite matenal. Some suggestions are provided in the text. | MichelRigaud ZHOUNingsheng | 2002 | China's Refractories2002，11，2： | 5 |
| 14 | Progress in Research and Development of Refractory Oxide-Nonoxide Composites显示文摘Some of the progress made in our laboratories in collaboration with industry in research and development work on high performance oxide-nonoxide composites for metallurgical applications has been reviewed.(1) SiAlON bonded corundum composites for blast furnace usage have been produced by reduction-nitridation sintering at high temperature,using bauxite instead of alumina in the matrix.(2) Low carbon Al2O3-SiAlON slide plate materials successfully used in high quality steel continuous casting have been developed in which most or all of the graphite in Al2O3-C brick is replaced by bauxite-based β-SiAlON.(3) Al/Si metal bonded Al2O3-C material characterized by low carbon content,low firing temperature and in-situ formation of carbides and nitrides at high temperature during service are found to possess very high hot strength and very good thermal shock resistance and have also been successfully used as slide plates in ladles and tundishes for high quality steel casting. | ZHONG Xiangchong | 2008 | China's Refractories2008，17，2： | 5 |
| 15 | Preparation of Aluminium Oxynitride by Carbothermal Reduction of Aluminium Oxide in a Flowing N2 Atmosphere显示文摘Carbothermal reduction of alumina into aluminium oxynitride(AlON) spinel in a flowing nitrogen atmosphere was studied.The effects of Al2O3/C ratio temperature,soaking time,heating rate molding pressure of samples,and nitrogen flow rate on reactions were investigated.Then the stability of AlON was elucidated and AlON wa confirmed as an intermediate compound in reduction of alumina. | LIYa-wei YUANRun-zhang 等 | 1996 | China's Refractories1996，5，1： | 5 |
| 16 | Thoughts on Strategic Development of China's Refractories I ndustry显示文摘For China' s refractories industry, the first two decades in the new century would be a period of structural optimization with reorganization of refractories enterprises,reconstruction of manufacturing plants and restructuring of product varieties. An important strategic measure should be to develop high quality synthetic raw materials and high performance functional products mainly based on our rich natural resources to cope with new demands of advanced high temperature technologies. | ZHONG Xiangchong(High Temperature Ceramics Institute,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou, Henan province, 450052, China) | 2003 | China's Refractories2003，12，2： | 5 |
| 17 | Present Situation of Refractories for Baosteel显示文摘The paper reviews the present situation of refractories for Baosteel, including refractories for iron-making system, converters, ladles and tundishes. Descriptions have been also conducted on the environment protection and reutilization of refractories in Baosteel, together with some suggestions for refractories suppliers to meet the advancement in iron and steel making technology of Baosteel. | TAILi SHENKeyin | 2004 | China's Refractories2004，13，3： | 4 |
| 18 | Different Approaches to Incorporating Natural Flake Graphite into Al2O3—SiC—C Castables显示文摘In this stil undergoing work,three approaches have been adopted to incorporate natural flake graphite into Al2O3-SiC-C castables by adding either micropellets of graphite or cushed briquette of alumina-graphite of finally surface modified flake graphite by TiO2 coating,Characteristics of these approaches are described,Overall properties including flowability,compactness,cold and hot stredgths ,slag resistance,anti-oxdation and thermal shock resistance of the castables have been compared in correlation with the ways of incorporating graphite,Very encouraging results have been achieved by using micropellets of graphite or crushed alumian-graphite briquete in comparison with straight natural flake graphite addition. | ZHOUNingsheng | 1998 | China's Refractories1998，7，4： | 4 |
| 19 | Current Situation and Development of Refractories for Clean Steel Production显示文摘The low cost and high efficient clean steels metallurgy has been focused much attention in China.Among the factors affecting the cleanliness and consequent quality of steel products,refractories are one of the key factors.Meanwhile the restriction of resource,energy and environment is getting stronger,thus the improvement of refractories becomes much more important.In this paper,refractories selection principle for clean steel production according to their thermodynamic features was explained;refractories for tundish and flow control in continuous casting,which play important roles in prohibiting secondary contamination of molten steel,were introduced.Moreover,new development of low-carbon and carbon-free refractory materials was also described. | LI Hongxia LIU Guoqi | 2013 | China's Refractories2013，22，3： | 4 |
| 20 | High Temperature Properties of Refractory Oxide—Nonoxide Composites显示文摘High temperature properties(strength,thermal shock resistance,oxidation resistance,etc.) have been studied for oxide-nonoxide composites(e.g ZCM-SiC,ZCM-BN,O’-Sialon-ZrO2,β-Sialon-Al2O3,etc.), The results indicate that:(1) The oxide-nonoxide composites investigated posess much superior hot strength over carbon bonded materials.(2) Addition of nonoxide to oxide matrix leads to noticeable increase in thermal shock resistance.(3)Addition of oxide to nonoxide matrix leads to marked improvement of oxidation resistance. | ZHONGXiangchong ZHAOHailei | 1999 | China's Refractories1999，8，1： | 4 |
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