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| 1 | Different strategies of treatment for uterine cervical carcinoma stage ⅠB2-ⅡB显示文摘Uterine cervical cancer is the second most common gynecological malignancy. It is estimated that over 35% of tumors are diagnosed at locally advanced disease, stage ⅠB2-ⅡB with an estimated 5-year overall survival of 60%. During the last decades, the initial treatment for these women has been debated and largely varies through different countries. Thus, radical concurrent chemoradiation is the standard of care in United Sated and Canada, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical surgery is the first line of treatment in some institutions of Europe, Asia and Latin America. Until today, there is no evidence of which strategy is better over the other. This article describe the evidence as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the main strategies of treatment for women affected by uterine cervical cancer stage ⅠB2-ⅡB. | Lucas Minig María Guadalupe Patrono Nuria Romero Juan Francisco Rodríguez Moreno Jesús Garcia-Donas | 2014 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2014，5，2： | 46 |
| 2 | Clinical application of DNA ploidy to cervical cancer screening: A review显示文摘Screening for cervical cancer with DNA ploidy assessment by automated quantitative image cytometry has spread throughout China over the past decade and now an estimated 1 million tests per year are done there. Compared to conventional liquid based cytology, DNA ploidy has competitive accuracy with much higher throughput per technician. DNA ploidy has the enormous advantage that it is an objective technology that can be taught in typically 2 or 3 wk, unlike qualitative cytology, and so it can enable screening in places that lack sufficient qualified cytotechnologists and cytopathologists for conventional cytology. Most papers on experience with application of the technology to cervical cancer screening over the past decade were published in the Chinese language. This review aims to provide a consistent framework for analysis of screening data and to summarize some of the work published from 2005 to the end of 2013. Of particular interest are a few studies comparing DNA ploidy with testing for high risk human papilloma virus(hrH PV) which suggest that DNA ploidy is at least equivalent, easier and less expensive than hrH PV testing. There may also be patient management benefits to combining hr HPV testing with DNA ploidy. Some knowledge gaps are identified and some suggestions are made for future research directions. | David Garner | 2014 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2014，5，5： | 43 |
| 3 | Colorectal Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Study in China(中国人大肠癌的流行病学研究)显示文摘大肠癌是我国常见肿瘤,其发病率已位居恶性肿瘤谱的第3—5位,且呈继续上升趋势。我国20多年大肠癌的流行病学研究明确了中国人大肠癌的危险因素为肠息肉史、慢性腹泻、慢性便秘、粘液血便、精神刺激史、饮不洁水史、阑尾手术史和家族肿瘤史等,并在此基础上建立了数量化的评价模式AD值,结合RPHA-FOB为初筛,肠镜为精筛,建立并优化了大肠癌的序贯筛检方案,在人群中应用取得了较好的结果,适合全国推广。同时,以人群为基础,以队列研究和整群随机对照试验的方法,对两个大肠癌现场进行群体防治,从普通人群中检出大肠癌高危人群或癌前病变,对癌前病变腺瘤和息肉进行摘除(即对高危人群进行干预),有效预防了大肠癌的发生并大幅度降低全人群大肠癌死亡率与发病率。 Summary Colorectal cancer(CRC) is one of the most common causes of death from cancer in China. During the past twenty years, several case-control studies revealed the high risk factors of CRC in China, which were personal history of intestinal polyp,chronic diarrhea, feces with mucin and blood, psychic attack, drinking of unclear water, operation on appendix, history of chronic constipation and family history of cancer. From these factors, a risk-asessment mode (AD value) was constructed, combined with RPHA-FOB, a mass screening mode was established and applied into common people, awarded with a good result. The populationbased CRC prevention including randomized trial has been conducted in two fields( Haining city and Jiashan city in Zhejiang province), which demonstrated that removal of CRC pre-cancer lesions such as adenomas and polyps could reduce CRC incidence and mortalitv remarkablv. | ZHENGShu CAIShanrong | 2003 | The Chinese-German Journal of Clinical Oncology2003，2，2： | 45 |
| 4 | The Inhibitory Effect of Oridonin on the Growth of Fifteen Human Cancer Cell Lines显示文摘OBJECTIVE To study the inhibitory effect of oridonin on the growth of cancer cells. METHODS Fifteen human cancer cell lines were subjected to various concentrations of oridonin in culture medium. The inhibitory rate of cell growth was measured by the MTT assay, and compared with a negative con- trol and 5-Fu-positive control. RESULTS The 50% inhibiting concentration (IC50) and maximal inhibition (Imax) of oridonin shown by studying the growth of the cancer cell lines were as follows: leukemias (HL60 cells: 3.9 μg/ml and 73.8%, K562 cells: 4.3 μg/ml and 76.2%); esophageal cancers(SHEEC cells: 15.4 μg/ml and 99.2%, Eca109 cells: 15.1 μg/ml and 84.6%, TE1 cells: 4.0 μg/ml and 70.2%); gastric cancers (BGC823 cells: 7.6 μg/ml and 98.7%, SGC7901 cells: 12.3 μg/ml and 85.7%); colon cancers (HT29 cells: 13.6 μg/ml and 97.2%, HCT cells: 14.5 μg/ml and 96.5%); liver cancers (Bel7402 cells: 15.2 μg/ml and 89.2%, HepG2 cells: 7.1 μg/ml and 88.3%); pancreatic cancer (PC3 cells: 11.3 μg/ml and 68.4%); lung cancer (A549 cells: 18.6 μg/ml and 98.0% ); breast cancer (MCF7 cells: 18.4 μg/ml and 84.7%); uterine cervix cancer (Hela cells: 13.7 μg/ml and 98.5%). CONCLUSION Oridonin had a relatively wide anti-tumor spectrum, and a relatively strong inhibitory effect on the growth of the 15 human cancer cells. Inhibitory effects were concentration dependent. | Junhui Chen Shaobin Wang Dongyang Chen Guisheng Chang Qingfeng Xin Shoujun Yuan Zhongying Shen | 2007 | Chinese Journal of Clinical Oncology2007，4，1： | 32 |
| 5 | Therapeutic management options for stage Ⅲ non-small cell lung cancer显示文摘Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide.Majority of newly diagnosed lung cancers are non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC), of which up to half are considered locally advanced at the time of diagnosis.Patients with locally advanced stage Ⅲ NSCLC consists of a heterogeneous population, making management for these patients complex.Surgery has long been the preferred local treatment for patients with resectable disease.For select patients, multimodality therapy involving systemic and radiation therapies in addition to surgery improves treatment outcomes compared to surgery alone.For patients with unresectable disease, concurrent chemoradiation is the preferred treatment.More recently, research into different chemotherapy agents, targeted therapies, radiation fractionation schedules, intensity-modulated radiotherapy, and proton therapy have shown promise to improve treatment outcomes and quality of life.The array of treatment approaches for locally advanced NSCLC is large and constantly evolving.An updated review of past and current literature for the roles of surgery, chemotherapeutic agents, radiation therapy, and targeted therapy for stage Ⅲ NSCLC patients are presented. | Stephanie M Yoon Talha Shaikh Mark Hallman | 2017 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2017，8，1： | 32 |
| 6 | High intensity focused ultrasound in clinical tumor ablation显示文摘Recent advances in high intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU),which was developed in the 1940s as a viable thermal tissue ablation approach,have increased its popularity.In clinics,HIFU has been applied to treat a variety of solid malignant tumors in a well-defined volume,including the pancreas,liver,prostate,breast,uterine fibroids,and soft-tissue sarcomas.In comparison to conventional tumor/cancer treatment modalities,such as open surgery,radio-and chemo-therapy,HIFU has the advantages of non-invasion,non-ionization,and fewer complications after treatment.Over 100 000 cases have been treated throughout the world with great success.The fundamental principles of HIFU ablation are coagulative thermal necrosis due to the absorption of ultrasound energy during transmission in tissue and the induced cavitation damage.This paper reviews the clinical outcomes of HIFU ablation for applicable cancers,and then summarizes the recommendations for a satisfactory HIFU treatment according to clinical experience.In addition,the current challenges in HIFU for engineers and physicians are also included.More recent horizons have broadened the application of HIFU in tumor treatment,such as HIFU-mediated drug delivery,vessel occlusion,and soft tissue erosion(“histotripsy”).In summary,HIFU is likely to play a significant role in the future oncology practice. | Yu-Feng Zhou | 2011 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2011，2，1： | 33 |
| 7 | Prognostic value of preoperative serum tumor markers in gastric cancer显示文摘AIM:To evaluate the prognostic value of preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA), carbohydrate antigen(CA)19-9, and CA50 in patients undergoing D2 resection.METHODS:We evaluated 363 patients with gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy at our hospital from January 2006 to December 2009. Blood samples were obtained from each patient within 1 wk before surgery. The cut-off values for serum CEA, CA19-9,and CA50 were 5 ng/mL, 37 U/mL, and 20 U/mL, respectively. The correlation between preoperative tumor marker levels and prognosis was studied by means of univariate and multivariate analyses.RESULTS:The preoperative serum positive rates of CEA, CA19-9 and CA50 were 24.0%, 18.9% and24.5%, respectively. The positivity rate of serum CEA was significantly correlated with age(P < 0.001), sex(P = 0.022), tumor size(P = 0.007) and depth of invasion(P = 0.018); CA19-9 with tumor size(P = 0.042)and lymph node metastasis(P < 0.001); and CA50 onlywith lymph node metastasis(P = 0.001). In multivariate analysis, tumor size, T category, N category, vascular or neural invasion, and adjuvant chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors for overall survival. CA19-9 had an independent prognostic significance in patients without adjuvant chemotherapy(P = 0.027).CONCLUSION:Preoperative serum CEA, CA19-9 and CA50 are prognostic in patients with gastric cancer. Only CA19-9 is an independent prognostic factor after surgery without adjuvant chemotherapy. | Ze-Bo Huang Xin Zhou Jun Xu Yi-Ping Du Wei Zhu Jian Wang Yong-Qian Shu Ping Liu | 2014 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2014，5，2： | 30 |
| 8 | Surgical strategy for bile duct cancer:Advances and current limitations显示文摘The aim of this review is to describe recent advances and topics in the surgical management of bile duct cancer.Radical resection with a microscopically negative margin(R0)is the only way to cure cholangiocarcinoma and is associated with marked survival advantages compared to margin-positive resections.Complete resection of the tumor is the surgeon’s ultimate aim,and several advances in the surgical treatment for bile duct cancer have been made within the last two decades.Multidetector row computed tomography has emerged as an indispensable diagnostic modality for the precise preoperative evaluation of bile duct cancer,in terms of both longitudinal and vertical tumor invasion.Many meticulous operative procedures have been established,especially extended hepatectomy for hilar cholangiocarcinoma,to achieve a negative resection margin,which is the only prognostic factor under the control of the surgeon.A complete caudate lobectomy and resection of the inferior part of Couinaud’s segmentⅣcoupled with right or left hemihepatectomy has become the standard surgical procedure for hilar cholangiocarcinoma,and pyloruspreserving pancreaticoduodenectomy is the first choice for distal bile duct cancer.Limited resection for middle bile duct cancer is indicated for only strictly selected cases.Preoperative treatments including biliary drainage and portal vein embolization are also indicated for only selected patients,especially jaundiced patients anticipating major hepatectomy.Liver transplantation seems ideal for complete resection of bile duct cancer,but the high recurrence rate and decreased patient survival after liver transplant preclude it from being considered standard treatment.Adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy have a potentially crucial role in prolonging survival and controlling local recurrence,but no definite regimen has been established to date.Further evidence is needed to fully define the role of liver transplantation and adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy. | Nobuhisa Akamatsu Yasuhiko Sugawara Daijo Hashimoto | 2011 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2011，2，2： | 27 |
| 9 | Endoscopic diagnosis of extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma:Advances and current limitations显示文摘The accurate diagnosis of extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma is difficult,even now.When ultrasonography(US)shows dilatation of the bile duct,magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography followed by endoscopic US(EUS)is the next step.When US or EUS shows localized bile duct wall thickening,endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography should be conducted with intraductal US(IDUS)and forceps biopsy.Fluorescence in situ hybridization increases the sensitivity of brush cytology with similar specificity.In patients with papillary type bile duct carcinoma,three biopsies are sufficient.In patients with nodular or infiltrating-type bile duct carcinoma,multiple biopsies are warranted,and IDUS can compensate for the limitations of biopsies.In preoperative staging,the combination of dynamic multidetector low computed tomography(MDCT)and IDUS is useful for evaluating vascular invasion and cancer depth infiltration.However,assessment of lymph nodes metastases is difficult.In resectable cases,assessment of longitudinal cancer spread is important.The combination of IDUS and MDCT is useful for revealing submucosal cancer extension,which is common in hilar cholangiocarcinoma.To estimate the mucosal extenextension,which is common in extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma,the combination of IDUS and cholangioscopy is required.The utility of current peroral cholangioscopy is limited by the maneuverability of the“baby scope”.A new baby scope(10 Fr),called“SpyGlass”has potential,if the image quality can be improved.Since extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma is common in the Far East,many researchers in Japan and Korea contributed these studies,especially,in the evaluation of longitudinal cancer extension. | Kiichi Tamada Jun Ushio Kentaro Sugano | 2011 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2011，2，5： | 26 |
| 10 | Magnetic resonance imaging in breast cancer:A literature review and future perspectives显示文摘Early detection and diagnosis of breast cancer are essential for successful treatment. Currently mammography and ultrasound are the basic imaging techniques for the detection and localization of breast tumors. The low sensitivity and specificity of these imaging tools resulted in a demand for new imaging modalities and breast magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) has become increasingly important in the detection and delineation of breast cancer in daily practice. However, the clinical benefits of the use of pre-operative MRI in women with newly diagnosed breast cancer is still a matter of debate. The main additional diagnostic value of MRI relies on specific situations such as detecting multifocal, multicentric or contralateral disease unrecognized on conventional assessment(particularly in patients diagnosed with invasive lobular carcinoma), assessing the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, detection of cancer in dense breast tissue, recognition of an occult primary breast cancer in patients presenting with cancer metastasis in axillary lymph nodes, among others. Nevertheless, the development of new MRI technolo-gies such as diffusion-weighted imaging, proton spectroscopy and higher field strength 7.0 T imaging offer a new perspective in providing additional information in breast abnormalities. We conducted an expert literature review on the value of breast MRI in diagnosing and staging breast cancer, as well as the future potentials of new MRI technologies. | Gisela LG Menezes Floor M Knuttel Bertine L Stehouwer Ruud M Pijnappel Maurice AAJ van den Bosch | 2014 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2014，5，2： | 25 |
| 11 | Locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma:Current and emerging treatment strategies显示文摘Although nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)is a widespread malignant tumor,it is particularly frequent in Southeast Asia.Although T1 tumors can be effectively controlled with exclusive radiotherapy,this treatment modality is insufficient for most NPC patients,who present with locally advanced disease at diagnosis.In fact,for stages ranging from T2b N0 to T4 N3,definitive scientific evidence supports the use of concurrent platinum-based chemotherapy with standard external beam radiotherapy.This treatment approach has shown a statistically significant advantage in terms of overall survival,with respect to radiotherapy alone.Several trials have also investigated the use of neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy in combination with radiotherapy or chemo-radiotherapy.Platinum compounds,anthracyclines and taxanes are among the chemotherapy agents employed.This review focuses on the clinical results obtained in the field of adjuvant/concurrent/neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced NPC,for which exclusive concurrent chemo-radiotherapy currently represents the standard treatment approach. | Francesco Perri Davide Bosso Carlo Buonerba Giuseppe Di Lorenzo Giuseppina Della Vittoria Scarpati | 2011 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2011，2，12： | 24 |
| 12 | Research Progress in the Use of Drugs for Breast Cancer Targeted Therapy显示文摘In recent years,many significant advances have been made on molecular target therapy to aim directly at epidermal growth factor receptors and vascular endothelial growth factor in breast cancers.Clinical studies of such agents as trastuzumab,lapatinib,erlotinib and bevacituzumab have been widely conducted.This paper will review the recent research progress related to targeted therapy. | Shun 'e Yang Bing Zhao | 2008 | Chinese Journal of Clinical Oncology2008，5，5： | 22 |
| 13 | Robot-assisted laparoscopic vs open gastrectomy for gastric cancer:Systematic review and meta-analysis显示文摘AIM To evaluate the potential effectiveness of robot-assisted gastrectomy(RAG) in comparison to open gastrectomy(OG) for gastric cancer patients.METHODS A comprehensive systematic literature search using PubM ed,EMBASE,and the Cochrane Library was carried out to identify studies comparing RAG and OG in gastric cancer.Participants of any age and sex were considered for inclusion in comparative studies of the two techniques independently from type of gastrectomy.A meta-analysis of short-term perioperative outcomes was performed to evaluate whether RAG is equivalent to OG.The primary outcome measures were set for estimated blood loss,operative time,conversion rate,morbidity,and hospital stay.Secondary among postoperative complications,wound infection,bleeding and anastomotic leakage were also analysed.RESULTS A total of 6 articles,5 retrospective and 1 randomized controlled study,involving 6123 patients overall,with 689(11.3%) cases submitted to RAG and 5434(88.7%) to OG,satisfied the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis.RAG was associated with longer operation time than OG(weighted mean difference 72.20 min;P < 0.001),but with reduction in blood loss and shorter hospital stay(weighted mean difference-166.83 mL and-1.97 d respectively;P < 0.001).No differences were found with respect to overall postoperative complications(P = 0.65),wound infection(P = 0.35),bleeding(P = 0.65),and anastomotic leakage(P = 0.06).The postoperative mortality rates were similar between the two groups.With respect to oncological outcomes,no statistical differences among the number of harvested lymph nodes were found(weighted mean difference-1.12;P = 0.10).CONCLUSION RAG seems to be a technically valid alternative to OG for performing radical gastrectomy in gastric cancer resulting in safe complications. | Stefano Caruso Alberto Patriti Franco Roviello Lorenzo De Franco Franco Franceschini Graziano Ceccarelli Andrea Coratti | 2017 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2017，8，3： | 23 |
| 14 | Combined chemo-radiotherapy in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinomas显示文摘AIM:To provide efficacy and safety data about the combined use of radiotherapy and chemo-radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC).METHODS:We reviewed data of 40 patients with locally advanced NPC treated with induction chemotherapy followed by concomitant chemo-radiotherapy(CCRT)(22/40 patients)or CCRT alone(18/40)from March 2006 to March 2012.Patients underwent fiberoscopy with biopsy of the primitive tumor,and computed tomography scan of head,neck,chest and abdomen with and without contrast.Cisplatin was used both as induction and as concomitant chemotherapy,while 3D conformal radiation therapy was delivered to the nasopharynx and relevant anatomic regions(total dose,70 Gy).The treatment was performed using 6 MV photons of the linear accelerator administered in 2 Gy daily fraction for five days weekly.This retrospective analysis was approved by the review boards of the participating institutions.Patients gave their consent to treatment and to anonymous analysis of clinical data.RESULTS:Thirty-three patients were males and 7 were females.Median follow-up time was 58 mo(range,1-92 mo).In the sub-group of twenty patients with a follow-up time longer than 36 mo,the 3-year survival and disease free survival rates were 85%and 75%,respectively.Overall response rate both in patients treated with induction chemotherapy followed by CCRT and in those treated with CCRT alone was 100%.Grade 3 neutropenia was the most frequent acute side-effect and it occurred in 20 patients.Grade 2 mucositis was seen in 29 patients,while grade 2 xerostomia was seen in 30 patients.Overall toxicity was manageable and it did not cause any significant treatment delay.In the whole sample population,long term toxicity included grade 2 xerostomia in 22 patients,grade 1 dysgeusia in 17 patients and grade 1 subcutaneous fibrosis in 30 patients.CONCLUSION:Both CCRT and induction chemotherapy followed by CCRT showed excellent activity in locally advanced NPC.The role of adjuvant chemotherapy remains to be defined. | Francesco Perri Giuseppina Della Vittoria Scarpati Carlo Buonerba Giuseppe Di Lorenzo Francesco Longo Paolo Muto Concetta Schiavone Fabio Sandomenico Francesco Caponigro | 2013 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2013，4，2： | 22 |
| 15 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as a risk factor for lung cancer显示文摘The association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) and lung cancer has long been a subject of intense debate. The high prevalence of COPD in elderly smokers inevitably strengthens their coincidence. In addition to this contingent coincidence, recent studies have revealed a close association between the two diseases that is independent of the smoking history; that is, the existence of COPD is an independent risk factor for the development of lung cancer. Molecular-based evidence has been accumulating as a result of the efforts to explain the underlying mechanisms of this association. These mechanisms may include the following: the retention of airborne carcinogens followed by the activation of oncogenes and the suppression of tumor suppressor genes; the complex molecular mechanism associated with chronic inflammation in the distal airways of patients with COPD; the possible in-volvement of putative distal airway stem cells; and gel netic factors that are common to both COPD and lung cancer. The existence of COPD in patients with lung l cancer may potentially affect the process of diagnosis, surgical resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and end-of-life care. The comprehensive management of COPD is extremely important for the appropriate treatment of lung cancer. Surgical resections with the aid of early interventions for COPD are often possible, even for patients with mild-to-moderate COPD. New challenges, such as lung cancer CT screening for individuals t at high risk, are now in the process of being implemented. Evaluating the risk of lung cancer in patients with COPD may be warranted in community-based lung cancer screening. | Yuichi Takiguchi Ikuo Sekine Shunichiro Iwasawa Ryota Kurimoto Koichiro Tatsumi | 2014 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2014，5，4： | 21 |
| 16 | Role of IL-10 and TGF-β1 in local immunosuppression in HPV-associated cervical neoplasia显示文摘Cervical cancer is a worldwide disease that constitutes a significant public health problem, especially in developing countries, not only due to its high incidence but also because the most affected population comprises women who belong to marginalized socio-economic classes. Clinical and molecular research has identified immunological impairment in squamous intraepithelial cervical lesions and cervical cancer patients. Human Papillomavirus(HPV) has several mechanisms for avoiding the immune system: it down-regulates the expression of interferon and upregulates interleukin(IL)-10and transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1 to produce a local immunosuppressive environment, which, along with altered tumor surface antigens, forms an immunosuppressive network that inhibits the antitumor immune response. In this review we analyzed the available data on several deregulated cellular immune functions in patients with NIC Ⅰ, NIC Ⅱ and NIC Ⅲ and cervical cancer. The effects of immunosuppressive cytokines on innate immune response, T-cell activation and cellular factors that promote tumor cell proliferation in cervical cancer patients are summarized. We discuss the functional consequences of HPV E2, E6, and E7 protein interactions with IL-10 and TGF-β1 promoters in the induction of these cytokines and postulate its effect on the cellular immune response in squamous intraepithelial cervical lesions and cervical cancer patients. This review provides a comprehensive picture of the immunological functions of IL-10 and TGF-β1 in response to HPV in humans. | Kirvis Torres-Poveda Margarita Bahena-Román Claudia Madrid-González Ana I Burguete-García Víctor Hugo Bermúdez-Morales Oscar Peralta-Zaragoza Vicente Madrid-Marina | 2014 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2014，5，4： | 21 |
| 17 | Imaging of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors显示文摘Imaging of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors can be broadly divided into anatomic and functional techniques.Anatomic imaging determines the local extent of the primary lesion,providing crucial information required for surgical planning.Functional imaging,not only determines the extent of metastatic disease spread,but also provides important information with regard to the biologic behavior of the tumor,allowing clinicians to decide on the most appropriate forms of treatment.We review the current literature on this subject,with emphasis on the strengths of each imaging modality. | Eik Hock Tan Cher Heng Tan | 2011 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2011，2，1： | 20 |
| 18 | Role of Total Mesorectal Excision in Curative Resection of Rectal Cancer显示文摘Objective To evaluate the effect of total mesorectal excision(TME)on local recurrence rate and 5-year survival rate following radical resection for rectal cancer.Methods From Jan.1991 to Dec.1998,746 cases of rectal cancer treated with radical resection were divided randomly into group B(341 cases)undergoing traditional procedures and group A(405 cases)undergoing TME.There was no significant difference in tumor location,morphological appearance,histological patterns,grade of differentiation and staging clssification between two groups.SSR was carried out in 65.25% cases of group A and 54.25% cases in group B(P<0.05).Results Operative death occurred in 9 cases with an operative mortality rate being 0.97%,5 cases in group A and 4 cases in group B.Anastomotic leakage occurred in 19 cases with an occurrence rate being 4.21%,8 in group A(3.95%)and 11 cases in group B(5.95%).The follow-up rate in this series was 91% with the follow-up duration from 2 to 9 years,mean 48.3 months. Local recurrence occurred in 47 with an overall recurrence rate being 6.30%,16 cases in group A(3.95%)and 31 in group B(9.09%),P<0.01.The overall 5-year survival rate was 72.46%±3.8%(life table method),78.58%±3.28% in group A and 67.86%±3.02% in group B.respectively,P<0.05.Conclusion Radical resection with TME can effectively reduce the local recurrence tate and significantly improve 5-year survival rate as compared with traditional procedures. | YUBaoming LIDonghua 等 | 2002 | The Chinese-German Journal of Clinical Oncology2002，1，3： | 19 |
| 19 | A complete compilation of matrix metalloproteinase expression in human malignant gliomas显示文摘Glioblastomas are characterized by an aggressive local growth pattern, a marked degree of invasiveness and poor prognosis. Tumor invasiveness is facilitated by the increased activity of proteolytic enzymes which are involved in destruction of the extracellular matrix of the surrounding healthy brain tissue. Elevated levels of matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs) were found in glioblastoma(GBM) cell-lines, as well as in GBM biopsies as compared with low-grade astrocytoma(LGA) and normal brain samples, indicating a role in malignant progression. A careful review of the available literature revealed that both the expression and role of several of the 23 human MMP proteins is controversely discussed and for some there are no data available at all. We therefore screened a panel of 15 LGA and 15 GBM biopsy samples for those MMPs for which there is either no, very limited or even contradictory dataavailable. Hence, this is the first complete compilation of the expression pattern of all 23 human MMPs in astrocytic tumors. This study will support a better understanding of the specific expression patterns and interaction of proteolytic enzymes in malignant human glioma and may provide additional starting points for targeted patient therapy. | Carsten Hagemann Jelena Anacker Ralf-Ingo Ernestus Giles H Vince | 2012 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2012，3，5： | 18 |
| 20 | Overcoming endocrine resistance in metastatic breast cancer: Current evidence and future directions显示文摘About 75% of all breast cancers are estrogen receptor(ER)-positive. They generally have a more favorable clinical behavior, prognosis, and pattern of recurrence, and endocrine therapy forms the backbone of treatment. Anti-estrogens(such as tamoxifen and fulvestrant) and aromatase inhibitors(such as anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane) can effectively control the disease and induce tumor responses in a large proportion of patients. However, the majority of patients progress during endocrine therapy(acquired resistance) and a proportion of patients may fail to respond to initial therapy(de novo resistance). Endocrine resistance is therefore of clinical concern and there is great interest in strategies that delay or circumvent it. A deeper knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that drive endocrine resistance has recently led to development of new strategies that have the promise to effectivelyovercome it. Many resistance mechanisms have been described, and the crosstalk between ER and growth factor receptor signaling pathways seems to represent one of the most relevant. Compounds that are able to inhibit key elements of these pathways and restore endocrine sensitivity have been studied and more are currently under development. The aim of this review is to summarize the molecular pathophysiology of endocrine resistance in breast cancer and its impact on current clinical management. | Andrea Milani Elena Geuna Gloria Mittica Giorgio Valabrega | 2014 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2014，5，5： | 18 |
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